CN107197664B - Facility burdock cultivation method - Google Patents
Facility burdock cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107197664B CN107197664B CN201710320073.2A CN201710320073A CN107197664B CN 107197664 B CN107197664 B CN 107197664B CN 201710320073 A CN201710320073 A CN 201710320073A CN 107197664 B CN107197664 B CN 107197664B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a facility burdock cultivation method, which is characterized in that seeding is carried out in the middle ten days of 8 months, chlormequat chloride is sprayed in the last 10 months to control the growth of new leaves, a plastic greenhouse is inserted in the last 11 months, the air temperature and the ground temperature in the greenhouse are improved, the burdock growth time is prolonged, the winter leaves of the burdock are protected, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the last 12 months to ensure that the burdock can slowly grow in winter, the diameter of fleshy roots of the burdock can reach more than 2.5 cm in the next 2 to 3 months, the length of the burdock is more than 70 cm, the color is golden, and the yield per mu is 1200 to 1500 kg.
Description
The invention belongs to the technical field of burdock cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a facility burdock cultivation method.
Background
The burdock is a feverfew plant, has rich nutrient components, is a health food with homology of medicine and food since ancient times, is eaten by fleshy roots, contains inulin, polysaccharide, saponin, flavonoid glycoside, dietary fiber, polyphenols such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, some aldehyde substances and the like, and creates a foreign exchange vegetable for important exports of China. The burdock in China mainly has two production modes of spring sowing and autumn sowing, the harvesting period is distributed from late 6 months to early 12 months, and from late 12 months to late 6 months, no fresh burdock is supplied for 6 months. Although the storage and preservation technology can prolong the time of the burdock to appear on the market, the respiratory metabolism activity in the storage process consumes a lot of nutrients and water, so that the burdock chaff core and saccharification are caused, the product quality is seriously reduced, and the processing production of the burdock is influenced, therefore, the prolonging of the supply period of the fresh burdock becomes a key problem for further development of the burdock industry. The facility cultivation technology is adopted to prolong the supply time of fresh burdock, no systematic application research result exists at present, 24.5.2013, the applicant discloses a cultivation method of burdock sowed in summer, application No. 2013101975930 solves the problems of difficult emergence, easy seedling death and the like of burdock sowed in summer, but the harvesting time is also before 11 ten days, the scheme combines the existing cultivation technology, adopts 8-month middle ten days for sowing, inserts 11 months into an arched plastic greenhouse, improves the air temperature and ground temperature in the greenhouse, prolongs the growth time of burdock, and protects the winter leaf of burdock, so that the burdock can also grow slowly in winter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adopts technical measures to solve the problem that 2-3 parts of fresh burdock are on the market every year, and adopts the following technical scheme:
step 3, sowing: the seeds forcing germination are sown along the soil ridges at the row spacing of 4-5 cm, the seeds are sown at intervals of one first hole, two second holes and one third hole, so that the later thinning is facilitated, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the soil is covered, the seeds are compacted by feet or compacted by shovels, a layer of herbicide for removing burdock is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, the types of the herbicide are well known by persons skilled in the art, the herbicide is suitable for use in burdock sowing, a layer of wet straw is covered on the ridges after sowing, and a layer of wet straw is covered at a very high ground temperature for 8 months to reduce the temperature and promote the germination of the burdock, otherwise, the seedling emergence is difficult;
step 5, in 9 months, the rainwater is still sufficient and is the peak period of the growth of the burdock, branches and leaves on the ground completely cover the furrows and ridges, except for conventional management, weeds among the ridges are removed in time, and water accumulation among the ridges is prevented, so that the soil ridges are prevented from sinking, and the furrows are commonly called as furrows collapse;
step 6, in 10 months, the golden season for the growth of the fleshy root of the burdock, the air temperature and the rainwater are proper, the growth amount of 10 months accounts for more than 40% of the whole growth period, 150 kilograms of compound fertilizer 100 + per mu is applied in middle ten days, and 2000 to 3000 milligrams/liter of chlormequat chloride (ccc) liquid medicine is sprayed on the leaves of the growth point in the last ten days to control the growth of new leaves and promote the growth of the fleshy root of the burdock;
step 7, in 11 months, the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock reaches 1.8-2.1 cm, the air temperature is reduced to the critical point of the growth of the burdock in 11 last ten days, the burdock is inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the size of the plastic greenhouse is 9 meters in bow length, 2.5 meters in bow height and 1 meter in bow distance, the number of the bows is determined according to the area, 31 bows are used for a plastic greenhouse of 30 meters, a single-layer 8-filament non-drip film is adopted as a film, and the method is a common method for vegetable cultivation in the field by inserting into the plastic greenhouse, and is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification;
step 8, 12 in the middle ten days of the month, the temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to be below 0 ℃, the burdock leaves cannot resist low temperature, the burdock leaves can be withered at the low temperature below 3 ℃, after the burdock leaves are inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the ground temperature and the air temperature in the greenhouse averagely rise by 7-15 ℃, the temperature can also rise by more than 4 ℃ at night, the temperature in the greenhouse can reach more than 20 ℃ in the daytime under the condition of sunshine, the growth time of the burdock is prolonged, the fleshy roots of the burdock grow slowly due to the large temperature difference between day and night, and one-time foliar fertilization is carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day to promote the fleshy roots of the burdock to grow, wherein the foliar fertilization is characterized in that: the foliar fertilizer is prepared from a compound microbial fertilizer, neutral washing powder, 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic and an ether phenol water agent by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: compound microbial fertilizer: neutral washing powder: 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic: the ether phenol water agent =50:5-8:0.2-0.4:0.21-0.26, the dosage per mu is 25-27 kg, and the spraying position is as follows: the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in 12 months of the functional leaves can reach 2.3 to 2.5 centimeters, and the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in the next 2 to 3 months of the year can reach more than 2.5 centimeters, so that the standard and the effect of the burdock in the market are achieved: the burdock is listed on the market in 2-3 months, the length of the burdock is more than 70 cm, the diameter of the burdock is more than 2.5 cm, the color is golden yellow, and the yield per mu is 1200-1500 kg.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an arched vinyl house
Figure 2 effect of different foliar fertilization formulas on burdock growth.
Example 1: step 1, deeply turning over and drying soil after harvesting previous crops in the last ten days of 8 months, applying cake fertilizer and high-quality thoroughly decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizers to each mu of land before deeply turning over, ditching by using a burdock machine according to the row spacing of 70 cm, wherein the depth of each ditch is 30-35 cm, a ridge with the width of 22-28 cm and the height of about 8cm can be naturally formed after ditching, filling the ditch with water to enable the soil ridge to naturally sink, and filling the ditch with the soil after the water is naturally consumed;
and 2, spreading a layer of toxic soil on the original ditch after two days, wherein the toxic soil is the dried subsoil, and 45 percent of phoxim is as follows by weight: soil: 45% phoxim =100:0.42-0.44, then trenching the original trenching position by a burdock trencher with the depth of about 1.1m, naturally forming a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of about 25cm after trenching by the burdock trencher, treading the ridge along the two sides of the ridge by feet, then treading the ridge tightly, or compacting the ridge along the two sides of the ridge by a shovel, so as to prevent the trench collapse when raining and cause the malformation of burdock;
step 3, seed treatment: before sowing, soaking seeds in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12min, and accelerating germination for 24 hours at 23 ℃;
step 5, after sowing, 7-10 days, uniformly growing seedlings, removing straws, scattering a small amount of soft dry straws on ridges of the burdock for shading, starting thinning the burdock to grow three main leaves, keeping the plant spacing between 5 and 6 centimeters after thinning, not watering before thinning, and applying 180 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer to each mu after final singling;
step 6, in 9 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, branches and leaves on the ground completely cover furrows and ridges, except for conventional management, weeds among the ridges are removed in time, and accumulated water among the ridges is prevented, so that soil ridges are prevented from sinking, and the furrows are commonly called as furrows collapse;
step 7, in 10 months, the golden season of the growth of the fleshy root of the burdock, the air temperature and the rainwater are proper, the growth amount in 10 months accounts for more than 40% of the whole growth period, 150 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, 2000 milligrams/liter of chlormequat chloride (ccc) liquid medicine is sprayed on the leaves of the growth point to control the growth of new leaves and promote the growth of the fleshy root of the burdock;
step 8, in 11 months, the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock reaches 1.8 cm, the air temperature is reduced to the critical point of the growth of the burdock in 11 last ten days, the burdock is inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the size of the plastic greenhouse is 9 meters in arch length, 2.5 meters in arch height and 1 meter in arch distance, and a single-layer 8-filament non-drop film is adopted as a thin film, which is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification;
step 9, 12 in the middle ten days of the month, the outside air temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to be below 0 ℃, the burdock leaves are not resistant to low temperature, the burdock leaves are withered at the low temperature below 3 ℃, the ground temperature and the air temperature in the greenhouse are averagely increased by 7-15 ℃ after the burdock leaves are inserted into the plastic greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is also higher than 4 ℃ at night, and the temperature in the greenhouse can reach higher than 20 ℃ in the daytime under the condition of sunshine, so that the growth time of the burdock is prolonged, the burdock fleshy roots grow slowly due to the large temperature difference between day and night, and the burdock fleshy roots are promoted to grow by carrying out once foliar fertilization in the afternoon of a fine day, wherein the foliar fertilization is characterized in that: the foliar fertilizer is prepared from a compound microbial fertilizer, neutral washing powder, 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic and an ether phenol water agent by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: compound microbial fertilizer: neutral washing powder: 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic: the ether phenol water agent =50:5-8:0.2-0.4:0.21-0.26, the dosage per mu is 50-55 kg, and the spraying position is as follows: the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in 12-month middle ten days can reach 2.3-2.5 cm, the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in 2-3 months of the next year can reach more than 2.5 cm, the length of the burdock is more than 70 cm, the diameter of the burdock is more than 2.5 cm, the color is golden yellow, and the yield per mu is 1200 kg.
Example 2
Step 3, sowing: the seeds forcing germination are sown along the soil ridges at the row spacing of 5cm, the seeds are sown at intervals of one first hole, two second holes and one third hole, so that the later thinning is facilitated, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the seeds are covered with soil, the seeds are compacted by feet or compacted by shovels, a layer of herbicide for removing burdock is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, the types of the herbicide are well known by persons skilled in the art, the herbicide is suitable for use in burdock sowing, a layer of wet straws is covered on the ridges after sowing, and a layer of wet straws is covered at a very high temperature in 8 months to reduce the temperature and preserve the moisture so as to promote the germination of the burdock, otherwise, the germination is difficult;
step 5, in 9 months, the rainwater is still sufficient and is the peak period of the growth of the burdock, branches and leaves on the ground completely cover the furrows and ridges, except for conventional management, weeds among the ridges are removed in time, and water accumulation among the ridges is prevented, so that the soil ridges are prevented from sinking, and the furrows are commonly called as furrows collapse;
step 6, in 10 months, the golden season for growing the fleshy roots of the burdock, the air temperature and the rainwater are proper, the growth amount of 10 months accounts for more than 40% of the whole growth period, 150 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in middle ten days, and 2500 milligrams/liter of chlormequat chloride (ccc) liquid medicine is sprayed on the leaves of the growth point in the last ten days to control the growth of new leaves and promote the growth of the fleshy roots of the burdock;
step 7, in 11 months, the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock reaches 1.8-2.1 cm, the air temperature is reduced to the critical point of the growth of the burdock in 11 last ten days, the burdock is inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the size of the plastic greenhouse is 9 meters in bow length, 2.5 meters in bow height and 1 meter in bow distance, the number of the bows is determined according to the area, 31 bows are used for a plastic greenhouse of 30 meters, and a single-layer 8-filament non-drop film is adopted as a film, which is shown in attached figure 1 of the specification;
step 8, 12 in the middle ten days of the month, the temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to be below 0 ℃, the burdock leaves cannot resist low temperature, the burdock leaves can be withered at the low temperature below 3 ℃, after the burdock leaves are inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the ground temperature and the air temperature in the greenhouse averagely rise by 7-15 ℃, the temperature can also rise by more than 4 ℃ at night, the temperature in the greenhouse can reach more than 20 ℃ in the daytime under the condition of sunshine, the growth time of the burdock is prolonged, the fleshy roots of the burdock grow slowly due to the large temperature difference between day and night, and one-time foliar fertilization is carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day to promote the fleshy roots of the burdock to grow, wherein the foliar fertilization is characterized in that: the foliar fertilizer is prepared from a compound microbial fertilizer, neutral washing powder, 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic and an ether phenol water agent by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: compound microbial fertilizer: neutral washing powder: 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic: the ether phenol water agent =50:6:0.3:0.24, the usage amount per mu is 26 kg, and the spraying position: the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in 12 months of the functional leaves can reach 2.3 to 2.5 centimeters, and the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in the next 2 to 3 months of the year can reach more than 2.5 centimeters, so that the standard and the effect of the burdock in the market are achieved: the burdock is listed on the market in 2-3 months, the length of the burdock is more than 70 cm, the diameter of the burdock is more than 2.5 cm, the color is golden yellow, and the yield per mu is 1200 kilograms.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method of facility burdock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) deeply turning and drying soil after harvesting previous crops in the last ten days of 8 months, applying cake fertilizer and high-quality thoroughly decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizers to each mu of the crops before deeply turning, ditching by using a burdock machine according to the row spacing of 60 cm, wherein the depth of each ditch is 30-35 cm, a ridge with the width of 22-28 cm and the height of about 8cm can be naturally formed after ditching, filling the ditch with water after ditching, naturally sinking the ridge, filling the ditch with the soil after the water is naturally consumed, spreading a layer of toxic soil at the original ditching place after two days, wherein the toxic soil is the lower soil which is dried, and 45% of phoxim is in weight ratio: soil: 45% phoxim =100:0.42-0.44, then trenching the original trenching position by a burdock trencher with the depth of about 1.1m, naturally forming a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of 25cm after trenching by the burdock trencher, treading the ridge along the two sides of the ridge by feet, then treading the ridge tightly, or compacting the ridge along the two sides of the ridge by a shovel, so as to prevent the trench collapse when raining and cause the malformation of burdock;
(2) seed treatment: before sowing, soaking seeds in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-15min, and accelerating germination for 24 hours at 20-25 ℃;
(3) sowing: dibbling the seeds obtained in the step (2) along the soil ridges formed in the step (1) according to the plant spacing of 4-5 cm, wherein each hole is one seed, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil is covered, the seeds are compacted by feet or shovels, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of each soil ridge, and a layer of wet straws is covered on each ridge;
(4) after sowing for 7-10 days, uniformly growing seedlings, removing straws, scattering a small amount of soft dry straws on the ridges of the burdock for shading, starting thinning the burdock to grow three main leaves, keeping the plant spacing between 5 and 6 centimeters after thinning, not watering before thinning, and applying 180 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer per mu after setting seedlings;
(5) in the 9 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, branches and leaves on the ground completely cover furrows and ridges, weeds among the ridges are removed in time except for conventional management, and water accumulation among the ridges is prevented so as to avoid soil ridge sinking, which is commonly called as ditch collapse;
(6) in 10 months, the golden season of the growth of the fleshy roots of the burdock is provided, the temperature and the rainwater are proper, the growth amount in 10 months accounts for more than 40% of the whole growth period, 150 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, and 3000 milligrams/liter of cycocel (ccc) liquid medicine is sprayed on the leaves of the growth point to control the growth of new leaves and promote the growth of the fleshy roots of the burdock;
(7) the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in 11 months reaches 1.8-2.1 cm, the air temperature is reduced to the critical point of the growth of the burdock in 11 last ten days, the burdock is inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the size of the plastic greenhouse is 9 meters in bow length, 2.5 meters in bow height and 1 meter in bow distance, and a single-layer 8-filament non-drop film is adopted as a thin film;
(8) in 12 ten days of the month, the temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to be below 0 ℃, the burdock leaves cannot resist low temperature, the burdock leaves can be withered at the low temperature below 3 ℃, after the burdock leaves are inserted into a plastic greenhouse, the ground temperature and the air temperature in the greenhouse averagely rise to 7-15 ℃, the temperature at night can also rise to be above 4 ℃, and the temperature in the greenhouse can reach above 20 ℃ under the condition of sunshine in the daytime, so that the growth time of the burdock is prolonged, the burdock fleshy roots grow slowly due to the large temperature difference between day and night, and one-time foliar fertilization is carried out in the afternoon of sunny days, wherein the foliar fertilization is characterized in that: the foliar fertilizer is prepared from a compound microbial fertilizer, neutral washing powder, 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic and an ether phenol water agent by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: compound microbial fertilizer: neutral washing powder: 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic: the ether phenol water agent =50:5-8:0.2-0.4:0.21-0.26, the dosage per mu is 25-27 kg, and the spraying position is as follows: functional leaves of burdock; the growth of the fleshy root of the burdock is promoted, the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock can reach 2.3-2.5 cm in the middle ten days of 12 months, and the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock can reach more than 2.5 cm in the next 2-3 months, thereby reaching the standard of the burdock which is a commodity on the market.
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| CN107801587A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-16 | 广西博白县玫盛家庭农场 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich burdock |
| CN108541582B (en) * | 2018-04-15 | 2022-01-04 | 徐州天马敬安食品有限公司 | Breeding method of winter sowing burdock new variety |
| CN108522188A (en) * | 2018-04-15 | 2018-09-14 | 徐州康汇百年食品有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of winter sowing burdock |
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| CN105230478A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-13 | 徐州天马敬安食品有限公司 | Breeding method for early-maturing yellow-peel arctium lappa |
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