CN114557298A - Opening method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese medicina - Google Patents
Opening method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese medicina Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for opening leech fry artificially breeding young leech, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing leech fry opening ingestion rate and survival rate are low. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a net cage; putting seedlings; managing the water quality; preparing a medicament; opening time; and (5) feeding baits. According to the invention, the natural pickled sheepskin casing is used as a holding material for fresh blood, so that the ingestion rate of the artificial breeding seedling opening of hirudo nipponica is greatly improved. The invention determines the optimal opening time of artificially breeding the leech of the Japanese medicinal leech to be 5-7 days, and improves the survival rate of the Japanese medicinal leech while ensuring the ingestion rate of the Japanese medicinal leech. The addition of the Chinese herbal medicine decoction of the isatis root, the three-yellow and the hawthorn reduces the death rate of the hirudo nipponia during the process of artificially breeding the young seedlings and opening the young seedlings. Compared with the conventional culture method, the method has the advantages that the feeding rate of the artificially bred leech fry, the survival rate and the weight gain rate are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of hirudo nipponica, and particularly relates to a method for opening artificially-bred leech seedlings.
Background
The leech is taken as a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of breaking blood, stimulating the menstrual flow and removing blood stasis, is firstly seen in Shennong Ben Cao Jing, and the clinical research in recent years shows that the leech of Japanese doctors also has the effects of resisting thrombus, inflammation, tumor, atherosclerosis and the like, is the only leech medicinal material category which takes animal blood as a food source and is recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia at present, hirudin contained in the leech is a very strong natural anticoagulant enzyme substance, the thrombin inhibition effect of the hirudin is 10 times of that of the artificially recombined hirudin, and has no side effects of bleeding and the like of the artificially recombined hirudin. Therefore, the culture of the hirudo nipponia has good market prospect and economic benefit.
At present, the cultured fry of the hirudo nipponica is basically derived from captured wild resources, along with the rapid expansion of the artificial culture scale, the wild resources of the hirudo nipponica are rapidly reduced, and the artificial breeding work is in the forefront. The opening of the artificially bred leech fry is always a difficult point of artificial breeding work, the opening of living things is a common opening mode, but the method is too high in cost and difficult to manage. The other common opening method is to fill pig casings with blood for feeding, and because the pig casings are thick, the opening ingestion rate and the survival rate of the hirudo nipponensis seedlings are low under the method, so the opening method of the hirudo nipponensis seedlings needs to be optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for opening leech artificially breeding seedlings, which aims to solve the technical problems of low opening ingestion rate and low survival rate of the existing leech japonica seedlings.
The invention relates to a method for opening artificially-bred leech fry, which comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, preparation of the medicine: radix isatidis, goldthread root, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis and hawthorn are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-8: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 3-5, adding water, and decocting over strong fire to prepare liquid medicine with the concentration of 120-;
s5, opening time: the first feeding time is 2-10 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched;
s6, bait feeding: rinsing the natural pickled sheep intestine with clear water, and binding one end with a thin thread to ensure no leakage; adding the prepared liquid medicine into fresh blood according to 3-8 ml/liter of blood, adding VC according to the concentration of 0.8-1.2 g/liter of blood, and uniformly stirring; filling the fresh blood added with the medicine into a sheep sausage casing, and binding the filling opening to ensure that the leakage is avoided; putting the sheep sausage containing fresh blood into a hirudo nipponia culturing box, and sucking the hirudo nipponica fry through an opening; feeding again at an interval of 4-5 days after the first feeding.
Further, in the step S4, the mass ratio of the isatis root, the coptis root, the phellodendron bark, the scutellaria baicalensis and the hawthorn fruit is as follows: 5: 2: 2: 2: 4.
further, in the step S4, the decoction time is 0.5 to 1 hour over strong fire.
Further, in step S4, the chemical solution concentration is 150 mg/ml.
Further, in the step S5, the first open feeding time is 5-7 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched.
Further, the naturally pickled sheep casing in the step S6 is a commercially available natural sheep casing.
Further, in the step S6, feeding is carried out after the leech seedlings are fed for 4 times by sucking at the opening and feeding at intervals of 7 days.
Further, in step S6, the liquid medicine is added to fresh blood at a concentration of 5 ml/liter of blood, and VC is added at a concentration of 1 g/liter of blood.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the natural pickled sheepskin casing is used as a holding material for fresh blood, so that the ingestion rate of the artificial breeding seedling opening of hirudo nipponica is greatly improved.
2. The optimal opening time of artificially breeding the young seedlings of the hirudo nipponica is determined to be 5-7 days, so that the ingestion rate of the hirudo nipponica is ensured, and the survival rate of the hirudo nipponica is improved.
3. The addition of Chinese herbal decoction of radix Isatidis, radix Scutellariae, fructus crataegi, etc. in blood reduces death rate of artificial breeding of Hirudo nipponica in the process of opening young seedling. Compared with the conventional culture method, the method has the advantages that the feeding rate of the artificially bred leech fry, the survival rate and the weight gain rate are greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The examples are provided for better illustration of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. Those skilled in the art can make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments described above while remaining within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for opening artificial breeding seedlings of hirudo nipponica includes the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, preparation of the medicine: accurately weighing 80g, 10g, 20g and 30g of radix Isatidis, Coptidis rhizoma, cortex Phellodendri, Scutellariae radix, fructus crataegi, decocting with water over strong fire for 0.5h, and preparing into medicinal liquid with concentration of 120 mg/ml;
s5, opening time: the first open feeding time is 2-3 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched, and because the hatching time of the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica is not uniform, the open feeding needs to be carried out in batches;
s6, bait feeding: rinsing the natural pickled sheep intestine with clear water, and binding one end with a thin thread to ensure no leakage; adding the prepared liquid medicine into fresh blood according to 8 ml/liter of blood, adding VC according to the blood concentration of 1.2 g/liter, and uniformly stirring; filling the fresh blood added with the medicine into a sheep sausage casing, and binding the filling opening to ensure that the leakage is avoided; putting the sheep sausage containing fresh blood into a hirudo nipponia culturing box, and sucking the hirudo nipponica fry through an opening; the first feeding amount is 0.25kg per box, and then the feeding is performed at intervals of 4-5 days, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the artificially bred leech fry, and the feeding is performed at intervals of 7 days after 4 times of feeding.
Example 2
A shedding method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese leeches comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, putting seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, preparing the medicine: accurately weighing 50g, 20g and 40g of radix isatidis, rhizoma coptidis, cortex phellodendri, scutellaria baicalensis and hawthorn respectively, adding water, decocting with strong fire for 1h, and preparing into liquid medicine with the concentration of 150 mg/ml;
s5, opening time: the first open feeding time is 5-7 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched, and the open feeding needs to be carried out in batches because the hatching time of the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica is not uniform;
s6, bait feeding: rinsing the natural pickled sheep intestine with clear water, and binding one end with a thin thread to ensure no leakage; adding the prepared liquid medicine into fresh blood according to 5 ml/liter of blood, adding VC according to 1 g/liter of blood concentration, and uniformly stirring; filling the fresh blood added with the medicine into a sheep sausage casing, and binding the filling opening to ensure that the leakage is avoided; putting the sheep sausage casing containing fresh blood into a hirudinaria nipponica culture box, and sucking the leech seedlings through openings; the first feeding amount is 0.25kg per box, and then the feeding is performed at intervals of 4-5 days, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the artificially bred leech fry, and the feeding is performed at intervals of 7 days after 4 times of feeding.
Example 3
A shedding method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese leeches comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, preparation of the medicine: accurately weighing 30g, 10g and 50g of radix isatidis, goldthread root, phellodendron bark, scutellaria baicalensis and hawthorn respectively, adding water, decocting over strong fire for 1h, and preparing into liquid medicine with the concentration of 180 mg/ml;
s5, opening time: the first open feeding time is 10 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched, and because the hatching time of the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica is not uniform, the open feeding needs to be carried out in batches;
s6, bait feeding: rinsing the natural pickled sheep intestine with clear water, and binding one end with a thin thread to ensure no leakage; adding the prepared liquid medicine into fresh blood according to 3 ml/liter of blood, adding VC according to the blood concentration of 0.8 g/liter, and uniformly stirring; filling the fresh blood added with the medicine into a sheep sausage casing, and binding the filling opening to ensure that the leakage is avoided; putting the sheep sausage containing fresh blood into a hirudo nipponia culturing box, and sucking the hirudo nipponica fry through an opening; the first feeding amount is 0.25kg per box, and then the feeding is performed at intervals of 4-5 days, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the artificially bred leech fry, and the feeding is performed at intervals of 7 days after 4 times of feeding.
Example 4
A shedding method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese leeches comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, the width and the height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of the drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, preparing the medicine: accurately weighing 40g, 20g, 30g and 40g of radix Isatidis, Coptidis rhizoma, cortex Phellodendri, Scutellariae radix and fructus crataegi respectively, adding water, decocting over strong fire for 0.5h, and preparing into 160mg/ml medicinal liquid;
s5, opening time: the first open feeding time is 15 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched, and because the hatching time of the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica is not uniform, the open feeding needs to be carried out in batches;
s6, bait feeding: rinsing the natural pickled sheep intestine with clear water, and binding one end with a thin thread to ensure no leakage; adding the prepared liquid medicine into fresh blood according to the blood volume of 6 ml/liter, adding VC according to the blood concentration of 1 g/liter, and uniformly stirring; filling the fresh blood added with the medicine into a sheep sausage casing, and binding the filling opening to ensure that the leakage is avoided; putting the sheep sausage containing fresh blood into a hirudo nipponia culturing box, and sucking the hirudo nipponica fry through an opening; the first feeding amount is 0.25kg per box, and then the feeding is performed at intervals of 4-5 days, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the artificially bred leech fry, and the feeding is performed at intervals of 7 days after 4 times of feeding.
Comparative example 1 opening of living body
A shedding method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese leeches comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, opening time: the first feeding time is 5-7 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched;
s5, living body feeding: putting the frog into a hirudo nipponica culture box, and feeding the young leeches through openings; the feeding amount is 1kg per box at the first time, and then the feeding is carried out at intervals of 4-5 days, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the artificially bred leech fry, and the feeding is carried out at intervals of 7 days after 4 times of feeding.
Comparative example 2 opening of pig intestine
A shedding method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese leeches comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, opening time: the first feeding time is 5-7 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched;
s5, bait feeding: rinsing the naturally pickled pork intestine with clear water, and binding one end of the naturally pickled pork intestine with a thin line to ensure no leakage; fresh blood is filled into the pig casing, and the filling openings are bundled to ensure that leakage is avoided; putting the pig casing containing fresh blood into a hirudo nipponica culture box, and sucking the hirudo nipponica seedlings through openings; the first feeding amount is 0.25kg per box, and then the feeding is performed at intervals of 4-5 days, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the artificially bred leech fry, and the feeding is performed at intervals of 7 days after 4 times of feeding.
The examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were subjected to the tests of the opening ratio, survival rate and weight gain rate, and the results were as follows:
the opening rate refers to the ratio of the number of the seedlings fed by artificially breeding the hirudo nipponica in the first feeding to the total number;
the survival rate refers to the survival rate of the artificially bred leech seedlings 30 days after cultivation;
the weight gain rate refers to the weight gain rate of the average weight of the single tail of the living body of the artificially bred young seedling of the hirudo nipponica and the average weight of the single tail of the young seedling just hatched after 30 days of culture.
In the experiment, as the leech of Japanese medicinals has an adaptation stage to the external environment after hatching, the opening is too early, the condition of no ingestion or poor ingestion occurs, the young leech escapes in four directions during feeding, the sausage casing is not adsorbed for ingestion, and the opening rate is only 63%; the seedlings have less nutrient substances after the eggs and cocoons emerge, the openings are too late, the seedlings are weak, the seedlings are in a state of being curled into small black spots and lying on the bottom of the cultivation box, and the death rate is larger due to lack of nutrition. After incubation for 10 days, the opening is carried out, the survival rate is only 85 percent, and after 15 days, the opening is carried out, and the survival rate is only 46 percent. According to experimental data, the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica leech have the best effect of opening 5-7 days after the young seedlings are hatched, the opening rate reaches 98%, and the survival rate reaches 95%.
Comparative example 1 the living body opening method using a frog has disadvantages: firstly, the cost is high; secondly, the frog is quickly bitten by the young leeches of Japanese medicinals, and the young leeches of Japanese medicinals are adsorbed on the frog corpses, so that the cleaning is labor-consuming and time-consuming; thirdly, when the amount of the hirudo nipponia seedlings is large, a plurality of seedlings fed by the method cannot eat enough and the nutrition intake is insufficient, the opening rate of the seedlings is 53 percent, the weight gain rate is 900 percent, the seedlings are the lowest of the three groups, and the seedlings take 50 days to reach 0.2g and are the highest of the three groups. The method has the advantages that the part of seedlings which can be fed is in a better state, and the survival rate is higher.
Comparative example 2 pig intestine was opened, and pig intestine was selected as the intestine for fresh pig blood, and then the blood was not supplemented with the decoction of the Chinese medicinal materials. Because the pigintestine is thick, the newly hatched hirudo nipponia fry is difficult to bite, so the opening rate is low and is only 35%; then, the method does not add liquid medicine, and the survival rate is lower and is only 40 percent.
Compared with experimental data, the opening rate of artificially bred leech Japanese medical leech reaches 98%, the survival rate reaches 95%, the weight gain rate reaches 1566%, and all data are obviously superior to those of the traditional opening method.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A shedding method for artificially breeding young leeches of Japanese leeches comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a net cage: the length, width and height of the net cage are respectively 120cm, 60cm and 45cm, a 25cm multiplied by 25cm drainage port is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the net cage, a 40-mesh escape-proof net is installed, and a 100-mesh escape-proof net is tied at the tail end of a drainage pipe;
s2, throwing seedlings: newly hatched Japanese leech seedlings are put in 2 ten thousand per box;
s3, water quality management: the culture water adopts well water, the water temperature is kept within the range of 22-28 ℃, the PH value is kept within the range of 6.8-7.2, and the water body in the culture tank adopts micro-flowing water;
s4, preparing the medicine: radix isatidis, goldthread root, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis and hawthorn are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-8: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 3-5, adding water, and decocting over strong fire to prepare liquid medicine with the concentration of 120-;
s5, opening time: the first feeding time is 2-10 days after the artificial breeding seedlings of the hirudo nipponica are hatched;
s6, bait feeding: rinsing the natural pickled sheep intestine with clear water, and binding one end with a thin thread to ensure no leakage; adding the prepared liquid medicine into fresh blood according to 3-8 ml/liter of blood, adding VC according to the concentration of 0.8-1.2 g/liter of blood, and uniformly stirring; filling the fresh blood added with the medicine into a sheep sausage casing, and binding the filling opening to ensure that the leakage is avoided; putting the sheep sausage containing fresh blood into a hirudo nipponia culturing box, and sucking the hirudo nipponica fry through an opening; feeding again at an interval of 4-5 days after the first feeding.
2. The method for opening artificial propagation seedlings of hirudo nipponica according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mass ratio of radix isatidis, coptis chinensis, phellodendron amurense, scutellaria baicalensis and hawthorn is: 5: 2: 2: 2: 4.
3. the method for opening artificially bred leech fry according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the decoction time is 0.5 to 1 hour.
4. The method for opening artificial propagation seedlings of hirudo nipponia according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the concentration of the liquid medicine is 150 mg/ml.
5. The method for shedding young seedlings of artificial breeding of hirudo nipponia according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step S5, the first shedding feeding time is 5-7 days after the young seedlings of artificial breeding of hirudo nipponia are hatched.
6. The method for opening artificially bred leech fry according to claim 5, wherein the natural pickled sheep sausage skin in the step S6 is a commercially available natural sheep sausage skin.
7. The method for opening leech fry artificially breeding young fry according to claim 5, wherein the leech fry opening sucking feeding in the step S6 is carried out 4 times and then the feeding is carried out 7 days apart.
8. The method for opening artificially propagated young seedlings of hirudo nipponia in claim 5, wherein in step S6, the liquid medicine is added to fresh blood at 5 ml/L blood, and VC is added at 1 g/L blood concentration.
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