CN104396872B - A kind of Hystrix hodgsoni standardization cultural method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a porcupine standardized breeding method: during the estrus period of April-May and September-October each year, adult male porcupines and adult non-pregnant female porcupines are housed in separate pens, and the first porcupine containing Chinese herbal medicine aphrodisiac powder is fed every day. Formula feed: After the sow porcupine is pregnant, the pregnant sow porcupine and the male porcupine are housed separately, and the pregnant sow porcupine is fed with the second formula feed containing enzyme preparation every day. This method adopts a scientific and standardized domestication method to break the bottleneck of slow reproduction and small number of traditional porcupine breeding, so that the porcupine breeding can achieve two litters a year, two to four piglets per litter, and the survival rate of piglets is high. It is suitable for large-scale culture and promotion.

Description

A kind of porcupine standardized breeding method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a standardized breeding method for porcupines.

Background technique

Porcupine, also known as porcupine, is a kind of rodent with spikes. It has a strong body, a body length of 55-77 cm, a tail length of 8-14 cm, and a weight of 10-14 kg. Modern medical experts have found that porcupines have high medicinal value. Meat, brain, fat oil, heart, liver, gallbladder, stomach, and arrows (thorns) can all be used as medicine. , the effect of invigorating the stomach and benefiting the lungs; gallbladder can improve eyesight and refresh the brain; oil can detoxify and expel pus, promote muscle and relieve pain; It can promote qi and treat heart-qi pain and skin allergies.

As wild porcupines are increasingly depleted and facing extinction, the Chinese forestry department has listed porcupines as a protected species and prohibited hunting. The artificial breeding of porcupines has just started in China, and the development of this emerging breeding industry has special economic value and unique market prospects. We know that porcupines generally go into heat in autumn and winter, and give birth in spring or early summer. The gestation period is about 110 days, and the lactation period is about 50 days. Usually, there is one litter a year, one to two litters per litter. And to improve the scale of artificial breeding of porcupines, a very important way is to improve the litter rate of porcupines and ensure the survival rate of piglets.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a standardized breeding method for porcupines according to the current situation of porcupine breeding. Realize two litters a year, two to four piglets per litter, and the piglets have a high survival rate, and are suitable for large-scale breeding and promotion.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A porcupine standardized cultivation method, the cultivation method is as follows:

(1) During the estrus period of April-May and September-October each year, adult male porcupines and adult non-pregnant female porcupines are raised in separate pens, with one male and three females or one male and two females in each pen;

(2) Feed the first formula feed and supplementary food once a day, and the feeding amount is 4-5 taels of the first formula feed and 0.5-1 taels of supplementary food;

(3) After the sow porcupine is pregnant, the pregnant sow porcupine and the male porcupine are housed separately. The pregnant sow porcupine is fed with the second formula feed and supplementary food once a day. 2 taels/only, male porcupines are fed normally;

(4) After the sow porcupine gives birth, during the lactation period (50-60 days), the lactating sow porcupine and piglets are fed with the second formula feed and supplementary food once a day, and the feeding amount of the lactating sow porcupine is the second formula Feed 5-6 taels/little, supplementary food 1-2 taels/little, the feeding amount of piglets is the second formula feed 0-4 taels/little, supplementary food 0-1 taels/little, male porcupines are fed normally;

(5) After the lactation period is over, the sow porcupine and the male porcupine are fed normally, and the piglets continue to be fed according to step (4) for two months (that is, the second formula feed and supplementary food are fed once each, and the feeding amount is the second formula feed 0-4 taels/bird, supplementary food 0-1 taels/bird), and then feed normally after the end.

The above-mentioned normal feeding specifically refers to feeding basal feed and supplementary food once a day, and the feeding amount is 4-5 taels/bird of basal feed and 0.5-1 tael/bird of supplementary food.

The first formula feed is corn and soybean mixed in a mass ratio of (8-10): 1, soaked for 12-14 hours, then mixed with 1-3% (by mass) of bone meal, 1-3% (by mass) Quality meter) Chinese herbal aphrodisiac powder. The Chinese herbal medicine aphrodisiac powder includes the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of Epimedium, 3-5 parts of Actinolite, 3-5 parts of Angelica, 3-5 parts of Rhizoma Cyperi, 3-5 parts of Motherwort, Cuscuta 3-5 parts.

The second formula feed is corn and soybean mixed in a mass ratio of (4-6): 5, soaked for 12-14 hours, then mixed with 1-3% (by mass) of bone meal, 5-10% (by mass) mass meter) enzyme preparation. The enzyme preparation is prepared by the following method: weighing 5 kg of water, 0.3-1 kg of brown sugar, and 1-2 kg of fresh fruit, and chopping the fresh fruit, then putting them into a clean container, stirring evenly, and sealing. Let it stand for 1-2 months, then open it, wrap the fruit with gauze and extrude the liquid, which is the enzyme preparation. The fresh fruit includes the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of kumquat, 5-10 parts of longan, 5-10 parts of fragrant pear, 5-10 parts of persimmon, 5-10 parts of navel orange, 5-10 parts of red grape 10 parts, 5-10 parts of tomato, 5-10 parts of kiwi fruit, 5-10 parts of apple.

The basic feed is prepared by mixing corn and soybeans according to the mass ratio of (8-10): 1, soaking for 12-14 hours, and then mixing with 1-3% (by mass) bone meal.

The supplementary food is one or a mixture of cabbage, green vegetables, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and radishes.

The feeding time of the first formula feed, the second formula feed and the basal feed is 5-6 pm, and the feeding time of the supplementary food is 8-9 am.

The barn includes an interconnected inner room and an outer room, wherein the inner room covers an area of 1.5×3 meters, the outer room covers an area of 1.5×1.5 meters, and the wall height is 1.5 meters. (0.3-0.5) meters of reinforced screen, and a drainage ditch is provided under the reinforced screen to facilitate drainage and cleaning of feces.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) According to the characteristic that the best estrus temperature of porcupine is about 28 degrees, create an optimal environment for porcupine mating in the first half of the year and the second half of the year, and feed aphrodisiac formula feed, so that the female porcupines will give birth to one litter in the first half of the year and the second half of the year. , and using the compound method significantly increased the litter rate of sow porcupines, and each litter can produce two to four litters;

(2) After the sow porcupine is pregnant to the end of the lactation period, feed the formula feed added with enzyme preparation. The enzyme preparation can increase the milk production of the lactating sow porcupine by 25-30%, and the piglets are also fed the added feed during the lactation period. The formula feed of enzyme preparations has been proved by experiments that this method can increase the daily weight gain of piglets by 6%, and by effectively supplementing the deficiency of endogenous enzymes, the survival rate of piglets has been significantly improved, and the survival rate has reached more than 95%;

(3) Reasonable mix of food, balanced nutrition, appropriate hunger under the condition of ensuring the nutrients required for daily activities of porcupines, not only helps them maintain exercise, improves the lean meat rate of porcupines, but also helps improve the porcupines’ own functions and is less susceptible to bacteria , virus infection, more healthy;

(4) At different growth stages of porcupines, feed different formulations of feed to meet the nutritional and physiological needs of porcupines at different stages, making it possible for porcupines to have two litters a year and two to four litters per litter, and can ensure the high growth rate of piglets. Survival rate;

(5) The barn adopts two rooms inside and outside, semi-captive breeding, which not only keeps the porcupines fully wild, but also saves land and construction costs;

(6) The present invention is a scientific, standardized and highly operable porcupine breeding method verified by experiments, which can effectively reduce the blindness of porcupine breeding through standardized breeding, and is very suitable for industrialization promotion.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described in detail. It should be pointed out that the following specific descriptions are all exemplary, and are intended to provide further description of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all scientific and technical terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

In order to verify the feasibility of the present invention, the applicant carried out experimental porcupine breeding with reference to the present invention in September 2013-August 2014.

The location of the breeding farm: Changkengkou, Lijiafang Village, Zhangjiafang Township, Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province;

Shelter: including interconnected inner room and outer room, wherein the inner room covers an area of 1.5×3 meters, the outer room covers an area of 1.5×1.5 meters, the wall height is 1.5 meters, and the outer floor of the outer room is embedded with 1×( 0.3-0.5) meters of reinforced screen, and a drainage ditch is set under the reinforced screen to facilitate drainage and cleaning of feces;

Number of porcupines: 140, selected from the applicant's self-raised healthy individuals, including 40 adult male porcupines and 100 adult non-pregnant female porcupines.

The mating, feeding and management of porcupines are carried out according to the standardized process of the present invention.

Second half of 2013:

Phase One: Mating Period

In September 2013, the above-screened adult porcupines were randomly divided into pens and housed, with 20 groups of one male and three females, and 20 groups of one male and two females, each with an independent pen.

Feeding, all porcupines are carried out according to the same standard:

8-9 a.m.: Feed supplementary food, 0.5-1 taels per bird. The supplementary food is one or a mixture of cabbage, green vegetables, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, and radishes, which can be different every day;

5-6 p.m.: Feed the feed added with an important formula for aphrodisiac, 4-5 taels/piece, the feed is corn and soybeans mixed in a mass ratio of 9:1, soaked for 12 hours, and then mixed with 3% (by mass) ) bone meal, 3% (by mass) Chinese herbal medicine aphrodisiac powder, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine aphrodisiac powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of epimedium, 5 parts of actinolite, 5 parts of angelica, 5 parts of Cyperus cyperi 5 parts, motherwort 5 parts, dodder 5 parts.

Phase Two: Pregnancy

When a female porcupine is found to be pregnant, it is transferred from the pen and the feeding standard is changed;

When all the female porcupines in the pen are pregnant and transferred, the feeding standard of the male porcupines is changed.

Feeding standards for pregnant sow porcupines:

8-9 a.m.: Feed supplementary food, 1-2 taels per bird. The supplementary food is one or a mixture of cabbage, green vegetables, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, and radishes, which can be different every day;

5-6 p.m.: Feed the feed added with enzyme preparation formula, 5-6 taels per bird. The feed is corn and soybeans mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, soaked for 12 hours, and then mixed with 3% (by mass) ) of bone powder, 8% (by mass) of enzyme preparation.

Wherein: the enzyme preparation is prepared by the following method: Weigh 5 kg of water, 0.3-1 kg of brown sugar, and 1-2 kg of fresh fruit, and chop the fresh fruit, then put them together into a clean container, stir evenly, and seal the seal. Let it stand for 1-2 months, then open it, wrap the fruit with gauze and extrude the liquid, which is the enzyme preparation. The fresh fruit comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of kumquat, 5-10 parts of longan, 5-10 parts of fragrant pear, 5-10 parts of persimmon, 5-10 parts of navel orange, and 5-10 parts of red grape , 5-10 parts of tomatoes, 5-10 parts of kiwi fruit, and 5-10 parts of apples.

Male porcupine feeding standard:

8-9 a.m.: Feed supplementary food, 0.5-1 taels per bird. The supplementary food is one or a mixture of cabbage, green vegetables, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, and radishes, which can be different every day;

5-6 p.m.: Feed the basic feed, 4-5 taels per bird. The feed is made of corn and soybeans mixed at a mass ratio of 9:1, soaked for 12 hours, and then mixed with 3% (by mass) bone meal. .

The third stage: lactation period (60 days)

The female porcupines and piglets are in the same pen, and the male porcupines are arranged in a unified pen.

Sow porcupine feeding standard: Same as the second stage.

Feeding standard for piglets: Feed the second formula feed and supplementary food once a day, the feeding amount is 0-3 taels/little of the second formula feed, 0-1 tael/little of supplementary food, and the male porcupines are fed normally;

Feeding standard for male porcupines: Same as the second stage.

The fourth stage: adaptation and adjustment period

Male porcupines and female porcupines were fed normally, and the piglets continued to be fed with the second formula feed for two months (that is, the second formula feed and supplementary food were fed once each, and the feeding amount was 3-4 taels of the second formula feed and 0.5-1 supplementary food. Two/only), and then feed normally after the end.

Normal feeding standard: the same as the second stage male porcupine feeding standard.

The overall feeding standard for piglets: After the piglets are born, they are mainly breastfed by the sow porcupine, and then slowly introduce feed and supplementary food and gradually increase the amount. When the lactation period is about to end (the last 5-10 days of the lactation period), the feed Feed at 3 taels/cow, supplementary food at 0.5 taels/cow; give the piglets an adaptation period of two months after the end of the lactation period, and feed the piglets according to the feed formula during the lactation period for two months, but the feeding amount gradually increased to The second formula feed is 3-4 taels per pig, and supplementary food is 0.5-1 taels per pig. After two months, they are fed normally according to the standard of adult porcupines.

Statistics on farrowing rate and piglet survival rate in the second half of 2013:

First half of 2014:

Starting from April 2014, the same batch of porcupines were standardized for breeding according to the same process as the second half of 2013 above.

Statistics on farrowing rate and piglet survival rate in the first half of 2014:

The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are illustrations of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the present invention. Any changes within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims of the present invention should be considered to be included in the scope of the claims.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements and modifications can also be made without departing from the core technology of the present invention. Retouching should also belong to the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any changes within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims of the present invention should be considered to be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a porcupine standardized breeding method is characterized in that it is as follows: (1) During the estrus period of April-May and September-October each year, adult male porcupines and adult non-pregnant female porcupines are raised in separate pens, with one male and three females or one male and two females in each pen; (2) Feed the first formula feed and supplementary food once a day, and the feeding amount is 4-5 taels of the first formula feed and 0.5-1 taels of supplementary food; (3) After the sow porcupine is pregnant, the pregnant sow porcupine and the male porcupine are housed separately. The pregnant sow porcupine is fed with the second formula feed and supplementary food once a day. 2 taels/only, male porcupines are fed normally; (4) After the sow porcupine gives birth, during the lactation period, the lactating sow porcupine and the piglets are fed with the second formula feed and supplementary food once a day, wherein the feeding amount of the lactating sow porcupine is 5-6 taels of the second formula feed piglets, 1-2 taels of supplementary food, the feeding amount of the piglets is 0-4 taels of the second formula feed, 0-1 taels of supplementary food, and the male porcupines are fed normally; (5) After the end of the lactation period, the female porcupine and the male porcupine are fed normally, and the piglets continue to be fed according to step (4) for two months before being fed normally; The above-mentioned normal feeding specifically refers to feeding basal feed and supplementary food once a day, and the feeding amount is 4-5 taels/bird of basal feed and 0.5-1 tael/bird of supplementary food. 2. A kind of porcupine standardized culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first formula feed is that corn is mixed with soybean by the mass ratio of (8-10): 1 and soaked for 12-14 hours, and then Mixed with 1-3% bone meal, 1-3% Chinese herbal aphrodisiac powder. 3. A kind of porcupine standardized cultivation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described Chinese herbal medicine aphrodisiac powder comprises each component of following parts by weight: Epimedium 3-5 parts, Actinolite 3-5 parts , Angelica 3-5 parts, Cyperus 3-5 parts, Motherwort 3-5 parts, Cuscuta 3-5 parts. 4. A kind of porcupine standardized culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described second formula feed is that corn is mixed with soybean by the mass ratio of (4-6):5 and then soaked for 12-14 hours, then It is made by mixing with 1-3% bone meal and 5-10% enzyme preparation. 5. A kind of porcupine standardized culture method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described enzyme preparation is prepared by the following method: take by weighing 5 kilograms of water, 0.3-1 kilogram of brown sugar, 1-2 kilogram of fresh fruit, and Chop the fresh fruit, put them into a clean container together, stir well, seal the seal, let it stand for 1-2 months, then open it, wrap the fruit with gauze and extrude the liquid, which is the enzyme preparation. 6. A kind of porcupine standardized cultivation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described fresh fruit comprises each component of following parts by weight: 5-10 parts of kumquat, 5-10 parts of longan, 5 parts of fragrant pear -10 parts, 5-10 parts of persimmon, 5-10 parts of navel orange, 5-10 parts of red grape, 5-10 parts of tomato, 5-10 parts of kiwi fruit, 5-10 parts of apple. 7. A kind of porcupine standardized culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basal feed is that corn is mixed with soya bean by the mass ratio of (8-10): 1 and then soaked for 12-14 hours, then mixed with 1-3% bone meal. 8 . The method for standardized cultivation of porcupines according to claim 1 , wherein the supplementary food is one or a mixture of cabbage, green vegetables, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and radishes. 9. A kind of porcupine standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the feeding time of described first formula feed, second formula feed, basal feed is 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon, and the feeding time of described supplementary food For 8-9 am. 10. A method for standardized breeding of porcupines according to claim 1, characterized in that: the barn comprises an interconnected inner chamber and an outer chamber, wherein the inner chamber occupies an area of 1.5×3 meters, and the outer chamber occupies an area of 1.5 meters. 1.5 x 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters high wall, 1 x (0.3-0.5) meters of reinforced screen embedded on the outside ground of the outer room, and a drainage ditch is set under the reinforced screen.