CN104396872A - Standardized porcupine raising method - Google Patents
Standardized porcupine raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396872A CN104396872A CN201410697871.3A CN201410697871A CN104396872A CN 104396872 A CN104396872 A CN 104396872A CN 201410697871 A CN201410697871 A CN 201410697871A CN 104396872 A CN104396872 A CN 104396872A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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Abstract
The invention provides a standardized porcupine raising method. The standardized porcupine raising method comprises the following steps: in the oestrous period from April to May and from September to October each year, adult male porcupines and adult non-pregnant female porcupines are raised in different pens, and fed with the feed of a first formula containing a Chinese herbal aphrodisiac powder every day; after the female porcupines are pregnant, the pregnant female porcupines and the male porcupines are raised separately, and the pregnant female porcupines are fed with the feed of a second formula containing an enzyme preparation. The standardized porcupine raising method is a scientific and standardized domestication method and breaks through the bottlenecks of slow reproduction and small quantity of traditional porcupine raising; twice pregnancy each year and two to four offspring at pregnancy can be realized for the reproduction of the porcupines, and the survival rate of the young porcupines is high; in short, the method is suitable for large scale raising and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal-breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method.
Background technology
Porcupine, also known as porcupine, is the rodent that a class drapes over one's shoulders spine, in vigorous health, the long 55-77 centimetre of body, the long 8-14 centimetre of tail, body weight 10-14 kilogram.Modern medicine expert studies discovery, and porcupine has very high medical value, and meat, brain, fat oil, the heart, liver, courage, stomach, arrow (thorn) all can be used as medicine, and wherein meat can relax bowel, yin-nourishing heat extraction, effect of stomach invigorating benefit lung; Courage materials for improving vision refreshing and brain nourishing; Oil can detoxify and drain pus, myogenic pain relieving; Stomach has clearing heat and promoting diuresis, stomach invigorating and in, the diseases such as formula for treating gastropathy, jaundice, oedema, beriberi; Thorn can promoting the circulation of qi, cures mainly heart pain, allergic.
Because wild porcupine is day by day exhausted, face disappearance, in protection species are listed porcupine by China Forest department, forbid hunting.And propagating porcupine artificially, China is at the early-stage, the exploitation of this emerging aquaculture industry, has special economic worth and unique market prospects.We know, porcupine generally oestruses in autumn and winter season, and the spring or early summer is farrowed, about 110 days period of pregnancy, and about 50 days lactation, a usual 1 year tire, a tire one to two is young.And the scale of propagating artificially of porcupine will be improved, a very important approach is exactly improve the farrowing rate of porcupine, and ensures the survival rate of piglet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation cultivated for current porcupine; a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method is provided; the method adopts the standardized domesticating method of science; the bottleneck that the porcupine that breaks traditions cultivation breeding is slow, quantity is few; enable the breeding of porcupine realize 1 year two tire, every tire two to four is young; and the survival rate of piglet is high, be applicable to large-scale cultivation and popularization.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of porcupine standardization cultural method, this cultural method is specific as follows:
(1) in the oestrus in annual 4-5 month and 9-10 month, a point column home stable breeding is carried out to adult male porcupine and the female porcupine of adult unpregnancy, male three mothers of every column home one or male two mothers;
(2) every day feeding first formula forage, diatery supplement respectively once, feeding amount is the first formula forage 4-5 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0.5-1 liang/pcs;
(3) after female porcupine pregnancy, female for pregnancy porcupine is separated stable breeding with male porcupine, respectively once, feeding amount is the second formula forage 5-6 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 1-2 liang/pcs, public porcupine diet for conceived female porcupine feeding every day second formula forage, diatery supplement;
(4) after female porcupine farrowing, within lactation (50-60 days), to the female porcupine of lactation and porkling equal feeding second every day formula forage, diatery supplement respectively once, wherein the feeding amount of the female porcupine of lactation is the second formula forage 5-6 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 1-2 liang/pcs, the feeding amount of porkling is the second formula forage 0-4 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0-1 liang/pcs, public porcupine diet;
(5) after terminating lactation, diet is carried out to female porcupine, male porcupine, piglet continues to press (4) step feeding, and within two months, (namely feeding second formula forage, diatery supplement are respectively once, feeding amount is the second formula forage 0-4 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0-1 liang/pcs), diet again after terminating.
Above-mentioned diet specifically refers to feeding basal feed every day, diatery supplement respectively once, feed 4-5 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0.5-1 liang/pcs based on feeding amount.
Described first formula forage is corn and soya bean by (soaking 12-14 hour after the mass ratio mixing of 8-10) ︰ 1, then mix and to promote the sexual maturity loose forming with the bone meal of 1-3% (by mass), 1-3% (by mass) Chinese herbal medicine.Each component of following parts by weight is drawn together in the Bales Off of promoting the sexual maturity of described Chinese herbal medicine: barrenwort 3-5 part, actinolite 3-5 part, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3-5 part, rhizoma cyperi 3-5 part, siberian motherwort 3-5 part, dodder 3-5 part.
Described second formula forage is corn and soya bean by (soaking 12-14 hour after the mass ratio mixing of 4-6) ︰ 5, then mix and form with the enzyme preparation of the bone meal of 1-3% (by mass), 5-10% (by mass).Described enzyme preparation is prepared from by the following method: take 5 kilograms, water, brown sugar 0.3-1 kilogram, fresh fruit 1-2 kilogram, and fresh fruit is shredded, then washed container is put into together, seal after stirring, leave standstill 1-2 month, then open and encase fruit with gauze and extrude liquid and be enzyme preparation.Described fresh fruit comprises each component of following parts by weight: cumquat 5-10 part, longan 5-10 part, bergamot pear 5-10 part, persimmon 5-10 part, navel orange 5-10 part, redly carry 5-10 part, tomato 5-10 part, kiwi fruit 5-10 part, apple 5-10 part.
Described basal feed is corn and soya bean by (soaking 12-14 hour after the mass ratio mixing of 8-10) ︰ 1, then mix and form with the bone meal of 1-3% (by mass).
Described diatery supplement is the mixture of one or more in Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Ipomoea batatas, pumpkin, radish.
The feeding time of described first formula forage, the second formula forage, basal feed is 5-6 point in afternoon, and the feeding time of described diatery supplement is 8-9 point in the morning.
Described column home comprises the interior room and mistress that are interconnected, wherein interior room floor space 1.5 × 3 meters, mistress's floor space 1.5 × 1.5 meters, enclosure wall are high 1.5 meters, the ground, outside of mistress is embedded with the reinforcing bar screen cloth of 1 × (0.3-0.5) rice, and be provided with below reinforcing bar screen cloth drain ditch be convenient to draining and cleaning ight soil.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) be the feature of about 28 degree according to porcupine the best temperature of oestrusing, at the first half of the year and the suitable environment respectively building a porcupine mating second half year, give feeding to promote the sexual maturity formula forage, female porcupine first half of the year and the second half year is made respectively to produce a tire, and adopting method of double crossing to significantly improve the farrowing rate of female porcupine, every tire can produce two to four sons;
(2) terminate to lactation after female porcupine pregnancy, give the formula forage that feeding with the addition of enzyme preparation, the female porcupine galactopoiesis of lactation can be made to improve 25-30% in enzyme preparation, and in Piglet at Lactation Period also feeding this with the addition of the formula forage of enzyme preparation, prove that this method can make piglet daily gain improve 6% by experiment, and significantly improved the survival rate of piglet by the deficiency of effectively supplementing endogenous enzymes, survival rate more than 95%;
(3) foodstuff is reasonably combined, balanced in nutrition, suitably gives hunger when ensureing nutrient needed for porcupine daily routines, not only be conducive to it and keep motion, improve porcupine lean meat percentage, and be conducive to improving porcupine self function, be not subject to the infection of bacterium, virus etc., more healthy;
(4) in the different bearing stage of porcupine, the feed of feeding different formulations, meets nutrition and the psychological need of porcupine different phase, and 1 year two tire that porcupine is bred, every tire two to four son become possibility, and can ensure the high viability of piglet;
(5) column home adopts inside and outside two Room, and half stable breeding formula is raised, and has both allowed porcupine fully keep wild nature, and has again saved soil and construction cost;
(6) the present invention is the standardized workable porcupine cultural method of the science verified by experiment, is cultivated by standardization, effectively can reduce the blindness of porcupine cultivation, is very applicable to Industry Promotion.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.Iting is noted that following illustrating is all exemplary, being intended to the invention provides further instruction.Except as otherwise noted, all Science and Technology terms that the present invention uses have the identical meanings usually understood with the technical field of the invention personnel.
In order to verify feasibility of the present invention, applicant carries out tentative porcupine cultivation in August ,-2014 in September, 2013 to reference to the present invention.
Plant location: Zhang Jiafang township Li Jiafang village head is near coal-mine for Pingxiang City Luxi County, Jiangxi Province;
Column home: comprise the interior room and mistress that are interconnected, wherein interior room floor space 1.5 × 3 meters, mistress's floor space 1.5 × 1.5 meters, enclosure wall are high 1.5 meters, the ground, outside of mistress is embedded with the reinforcing bar screen cloth of 1 × (0.3-0.5) rice, and be provided with below reinforcing bar screen cloth drain ditch be convenient to draining and cleaning ight soil;
Porcupine quantity: 140, screens from applicant's autotrophy healthy individuals, and wherein grow up public porcupine 40, the female porcupine 100 of unpregnancy of growing up.
Breeding to porcupine, raising and management is carried out according to standardization flow process of the present invention.
The second half year in 2013:
First stage: mating season
In September, 2013, by the adult porcupine point column home stable breeding at random of screening above, one male three female 20 groups, one male two female 20 groups, often organize an independent column home.
Feeding, all porcupines are undertaken by unified standard:
The morning 8-9 point: feeding diatery supplement, 0.5-1 liang/pcs, diatery supplement is the mixture of one or more in Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Ipomoea batatas, pumpkin, radish, and every day can be different;
Afternoon 5-6 point: feeding with the addition of the feed of important formula of promoting the sexual maturity, 4-5 liang/pcs, this feed is that corn and soya bean are soaked 12 hours by after the mass ratio mixing of 9 ︰ 1, mix and to promote the sexual maturity loose forming with the bone meal of 3% (by mass), 3% (by mass) Chinese herbal medicine, wherein each component of following parts by weight is drawn together in Chinese herbal medicine Bales Off of promoting the sexual maturity: barrenwort 5 parts, actinolite 5 parts, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 5 parts, rhizoma cyperi 5 parts, siberian motherwort 5 parts, dodder 5 parts.
Second stage: period of pregnancy
After finding that there is female porcupine pregnancy, it is shifted from this column home, and change feeding standard;
When after all conceived transfer of female porcupines all in column home, change public porcupine feeding standard.
Conceived female porcupine feeding standard:
The morning 8-9 point: feeding diatery supplement, 1-2 liang/pcs, diatery supplement is the mixture of one or more in Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Ipomoea batatas, pumpkin, radish, and every day can be different;
Afternoon 5-6 point: feeding with the addition of enzyme preparation formula feed, 5-6 liang/pcs, this feed is that corn and soya bean are soaked 12 hours by after the mass ratio mixing of 1 ︰ 1, then mixes and form with the bone meal of 3% (by mass), the enzyme preparation of 8% (by mass).
Wherein: enzyme preparation is prepared from by the following method: take 5 kilograms, water, brown sugar 0.3-1 kilogram, fresh fruit 1-2 kilogram, and fresh fruit is shredded, then washed container is put into together, seal after stirring, leave standstill 1-2 month, then open and encase fruit with gauze and extrude liquid and be enzyme preparation.Fresh fruit comprises each component of following parts by weight: cumquat 5-10 part, longan 5-10 part, bergamot pear 5-10 part, persimmon 5-10 part, navel orange 5-10 part, redly carry 5-10 part, tomato 5-10 part, kiwi fruit 5-10 part, apple 5-10 part.
Public porcupine feeding standard:
The morning 8-9 point: feeding diatery supplement, 0.5-1 liang/pcs, diatery supplement is the mixture of one or more in Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Ipomoea batatas, pumpkin, radish, and every day can be different;
Afternoon 5-6 point: feeding basal feed, 4-5 liang/pcs, this feed is that corn and soya bean are soaked 12 hours by after the mass ratio mixing of 9 ︰ 1, then mixes and form with the bone meal of 3% (by mass).
Phase III: lactation (60 days)
Female porcupine and the same column home of piglet, public porcupine is unified arranges column home.
Female porcupine feeding standard: same to second stage.
Porkling feeding standard: every day feeding second formula forage, diatery supplement respectively once, feeding amount is the second formula forage 0-3 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0-1 liang/pcs, public porcupine diet;
Public porcupine feeding standard: same to second stage.
Fourth stage: the regulation period of adaptation
Male porcupine, female porcupine carry out diet, piglet continues to press the second formula forage feeding, and within two months, (namely feeding second formula forage, diatery supplement are respectively once, feeding amount is the second formula forage 3-4 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0.5-1 liang/pcs), diet again after terminating.
Diet standard: with porcupine feeding standard public in second stage.
The feeding standard that piglet is total: before this based on female porcupine lactation after piglet gives birth to, slowly introduce feed and diatery supplement afterwards and amount is increased gradually, when terminating (last 5-10 days lactation) soon lactation, control feed feeding 3 liangs/pcs, diatery supplement is at 0.5 liang/pcs; The laundering period bimestrial with piglet is given again after terminating lactation, feeding is carried out two months by feed formula during lactation, just feeding amount increases to the second formula forage 3-4 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0.5-1 liang/pcs gradually, within two months, terminates laggard row and carries out diet by adult porcupine standard.
The second half year in 2013 farrowing rate and piglet survival rate statistics:
The first half of the year in 2014:
From in April, 2014, carry out standardized breed according to the flow process identical with above-mentioned 2013 second half year to batch porcupine.
The first half of the year in 2014 farrowing rate and piglet survival rate statistics:
The above embodiment of the present invention can not be used for limiting the present invention to explanation of the present invention, and any change in the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and scope, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
The above, be only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite not departing from core technology of the present invention, can also make improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should belong to scope of patent protection of the present invention.Any change in the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and scope, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a porcupine standardization cultural method, is characterized in that specific as follows:
(1) in the oestrus in annual 4-5 month and 9-10 month, a point column home stable breeding is carried out to adult male porcupine and the female porcupine of adult unpregnancy, male three mothers of every column home one or male two mothers;
(2) every day feeding first formula forage, diatery supplement respectively once, feeding amount is the first formula forage 4-5 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0.5-1 liang/pcs;
(3) after female porcupine pregnancy, female for pregnancy porcupine is separated stable breeding with male porcupine, respectively once, feeding amount is the second formula forage 5-6 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 1-2 liang/pcs, public porcupine diet for conceived female porcupine feeding every day second formula forage, diatery supplement;
(4) after female porcupine farrowing, within lactation, to the female porcupine of lactation and porkling equal feeding second every day formula forage, diatery supplement respectively once, wherein the feeding amount of the female porcupine of lactation is the second formula forage 5-6 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 1-2 liang/pcs, the feeding amount of porkling is the second formula forage 0-4 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0-1 liang/pcs, public porcupine diet;
(5) after terminating lactation, carry out diet to female porcupine, male porcupine, piglet continues by (4) step feeding diet more after two months.
Above-mentioned diet specifically refers to feeding basal feed every day, diatery supplement respectively once, feed 4-5 liang/pcs, diatery supplement 0.5-1 liang/pcs based on feeding amount.
2. a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first formula forage is corn than soya bean by (soaking 12-14 hour after the mass ratio mixing of 8-10) ︰ 1, then mix and to promote the sexual maturity loose forming with the bone meal of 1-3%, 1-3% Chinese herbal medicine.
3. according to a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method that claim 2 is stated, it is characterized in that: each component of following parts by weight is drawn together in the Bales Off of promoting the sexual maturity of described Chinese herbal medicine: barrenwort 3-5 part, actinolite 3-5 part, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 3-5 part, rhizoma cyperi 3-5 part, siberian motherwort 3-5 part, dodder 3-5 part.
4. a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described second formula forage is corn than soya bean by (soaking 12-14 hour after the mass ratio mixing of 4-6) ︰ 5, then mix and form with the enzyme preparation of the bone meal of 1-3%, 5-10%.
5. according to a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method that claim 4 is stated, it is characterized in that: described enzyme preparation is prepared from by the following method: take 5 kilograms, water, brown sugar 0.3-1 kilogram, fresh fruit 1-2 kilogram, and fresh fruit is shredded, then washed container is put into together, seal after stirring, leave standstill 1-2 month, then open and encase fruit with gauze and extrude liquid and be enzyme preparation.
6. according to a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method that claim 5 is stated, it is characterized in that: described fresh fruit comprises each component of following parts by weight: cumquat 5-10 part, longan 5-10 part, bergamot pear 5-10 part, persimmon 5-10 part, navel orange 5-10 part, redly carry 5-10 part, tomato 5-10 part, kiwi fruit 5-10 part, apple 5-10 part.
7. a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basal feed is corn than soya bean by (soaking 12-14 hour after the mass ratio mixing of 8-10) ︰ 1, then mix and form with the bone meal of 1-3%.
8. a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described diatery supplement is the mixture of one or more in Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Ipomoea batatas, pumpkin, radish.
9. a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the feeding time of described first formula forage, the second formula forage, basal feed is 5-6 point in afternoon, and the feeding time of described diatery supplement is 8-9 point in the morning.
10. a kind of porcupine standardization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described column home comprises the interior room and mistress that are interconnected, wherein interior room floor space 1.5 × 3 meters, mistress's floor space 1.5 × 1.5 meters, enclosure wall are high 1.5 meters, the ground, outside of mistress is embedded with the reinforcing bar screen cloth of 1 × (0.3-0.5) rice, and is provided with drain ditch below reinforcing bar screen cloth.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107114314A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-01 | 姜培斗 | A kind of porcupine plant and the method that porcupine cultivation is carried out using the plant |
| CN107691372A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-16 | 犍为县钧瀚豪猪专业合作社 | A kind of porcupine cultural method |
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