CN114532032A - Method for applying apple trees in matched mode by utilizing waste apple branches and organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for applying apple trees in matched mode by utilizing waste apple branches and organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of apple tree planting, in particular to a method for applying apple trees by using waste apple branches and organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: in the fertilization process, dripping water lines along the crowns of the apple trees, uniformly digging 2-4 fertilization holes with the depth of 25-35cm, the length of 190-210cm and the width of 35-45cm for each apple tree, and directly burying the trimmed apple branches and the fermented organic fertilizer in the fertilization holes; humic acid and branch ash generated by decomposition of apple branches can be used as fertilizers, so that the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil is improved, the buffering performance is realized, the content of microorganisms in the soil is increased, the pollution of the soil can be reduced, and the variety of orchard species is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of apple tree planting, in particular to a method for applying apple trees by using waste apple branches and organic fertilizer.
Background
The apple trees have rich fruit nutrition and higher edible value, are one of the fruits which are popular with people, are continuously cultivated and popularized in recent years, the red Fuji apples are one of the varieties with wider cultivation range, the living standard of people is improved, the appearance and the taste are not pursued at one time, and more attention is paid to the quality of the apples;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) high-quality apple indelible cultivation management technology, wherein the shaping, trimming and fertilizing of apple trees are two important links in apple cultivation management; in the south, the excellent natural conditions and geographical positions are achieved, so that Zhaotong becomes the biggest plateau characteristic high-quality apple production area in China; the apple trees are numerous, the quantity of branches trimmed every year is large, the existing branch treatment is generally used as firewood and fuel for peasant families to cook or is collected and sold to merchants, and the branches are burned into charcoal in factories, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also the environmental air is polluted; some farmers abandon the fertilizer in the field and allow the fertilizer to be naturally rotted to be used as fertilizer, and the mode is low utilization rate and long time interval.
Researches show that the lignin of the branches of the apple trees plays an important role in disease resistance of rot and stability of soil structure, and the waste branches of the apples can also increase organic matters in the soil, so that the absorption and transportation of mineral nutrition of plants are promoted, and metabolism is promoted; the pruning branches are fully and reasonably utilized and are used as fertilizer, which is the problem to be solved at present,
therefore, a method for applying apple trees by using the waste apple branches and organic fertilizer is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for applying apple trees by using waste apple branches and organic fertilizers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a method for applying apple trees by using waste apple branches and organic fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: digging fertilizing holes, dripping water lines along the crowns of the apple trees, uniformly digging 2-4 fertilizing holes for each apple tree, wherein the depth of each hole is 25-35cm, the length of each hole is 190-210cm, and the width of each hole is 35-45cm,
s2: and (3) apple branch treatment, namely cutting off apple branches with the length larger than the hole length, so that the outer rings of the apple branches are placed in the fertilizing holes.
Preferably, the apple branches are branches without diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, apple trees tested in S3 are selected as 10-year-old apple trees, and the transverse distance between adjacent apple trees is 380-450cm, and the longitudinal distance is 280-330 cm.
Preferably, in the fertilizing process in S3, water is irrigated according to the soil moisture content, fertilizer is applied after rainy season, and water is irrigated according to the depth of the rainwater infiltrated soil.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer used in S2 comprises an organic matter content of 30.57%; 530.50mg/kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen; 1540.52mg/kg of soil available phosphorus; 8358.06mg/kg of soil quick-acting potassium; the pH of the organic fertilizer is 7.4.
Preferably, the apple trees tested in S3 have the same growth vigor and are pruned, each apple tree is pruned according to a uniform pruning mode to the same height, and the pruning deviation of the branch expansion diameter is 25-40 cm.
Preferably, before fertilizing in S3, the quality of the soil for planting the experimental apple trees is detected, and the organic matter content, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil and the pH value of the soil are detected.
Preferably, the fertilizer hole excavated in the S3 is arc-shaped, the inner concave surface of the fertilizer hole faces the trunk of the apple tree, and the distance between the fertilizer hole and the trunk of the apple tree is 150-200 cm.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. humic acid and branch ash generated by decomposition of apple branches can be used as fertilizers, so that the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil is improved, the buffering performance is realized, the content of microorganisms in the soil is increased, the pollution of the soil can be reduced, and the variety of orchard species is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
1 test site and Material
1.1 test site
The test was carried out in a rural park of showton Yongfeng Touchun village 7, Zhaotong, Yunnan province. The low latitude high altitude area with 27 degrees 22 'north latitude and 103 degrees 34' east longitude is located. The apple producing area belongs to the plateau monsoon three-dimensional climate with subtropical zone and warm zone. About 220d in the frost-free period all year around, the annual average temperature is 11.6 ℃, the hottest 7-month average temperature is 19.8 ℃, the coldest is 1 month and 2 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is-13.3 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is 33.5 ℃, the annual activity accumulated temperature is more than 3217h of 10 ℃, the annual average sunshine hours are 1902.02h, the annual precipitation is 735mm, and the Showa-yang region is determined as the most suitable region for the growth of the southwest apple in the opinion of the national apple division of the fruit tree institute of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences in the dry and wet seasons.
The soil type of the orchard to be tested is sandy red soil. The organic matter content is 16.93g/kg, the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 123.50mg/kg, the soil available phosphorus is 28.87mg/kg, the soil quick-acting potassium is 177.06mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.4.
1.2 apple trees tested
The tested apple variety is Fuji red, the tree age is 10a, the growth vigor of the plants is similar, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist. The plant spacing is 400cm, the row spacing is 300cm, and the row direction is east-west orientation.
1.3 waste branches and fertilizers for testing
The waste branches for the test are taken from annual apple tree branches which are trimmed in winter and have no plant diseases and insect pests and the diameter of about 0.7cm-1.0cm, and are bundled into round branches with the diameter of about 15cm for later use.
The fertilizers used in the tests were: urea contains N46%, calcium superphosphate contains P2O516% of potassium sulfate containing K2O45%, compound fertilizer N: P2O5:K2The O ratio was 17:17: 17.
The tested organic fertilizer is prepared by naturally fermenting bacteria sticks, sheep manure and cow manure for 6 months, the content of organic matters is 30.57 percent, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen is 530.50mg/kg, the content of available phosphorus in soil is 1540.52mg/kg, the content of quick-acting potassium in soil is 8358.06mg/kg, and the pH value is 7.4.
2 test treatment and measurement method
2.1 test treatment method
The apple branch waste is fermented and applied on the spot: dripping waterlines along crowns of the apple trees in 3-25 months in 2019 and 3-25 months in 2020, and uniformly digging 2 fertilization holes for each apple tree, wherein the depth of each hole is 30cm, the length of each hole is 200cm, and the width of each hole is 40 cm. Firstly, horizontally putting the waste apple branch bundles into the holes, and then applying an organic fertilizer and 0.6 kg/plant compound fertilizer, wherein the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer are subjected to the following matched application treatment; CK: 0kg of waste apple branches per plant and 0kg of organic fertilizer per plant; l1: 5kg of abandoned apple branches per plant and 50kg of organic fertilizer per plant; l2: 5kg of abandoned apple branches per plant and 60kg of organic fertilizer per plant; l3: 5kg of abandoned apple branches per plant and 70kg of organic fertilizer per plant; l4: 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant and 50kg of organic fertilizer per plant; l5: 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant and 60kg of organic fertilizer per plant; l6: 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant and 70kg of organic fertilizer per plant. The same trees were selected for two years of treatment using a randomized block trial design, 5 for each treatment, and 10 replicates. Fertilizing amount in other seasons, field management measures such as weeding, trimming, pest control and flower and fruit thinning are consistent with those of local fruit growers.
2.2 index measurement method
2.2.1 determination of apple yield
When apples are harvested, the yield and the fruit yield of each apple tree are counted, and the total yield and the average single fruit weight are calculated.
2.2.2 determination of apple quality
Sampling time is 10 months and 25 days of apple maturity, and 5 apples are randomly picked in 4 directions at the periphery of the crown at the middle upper part for quality measurement during sampling. The content of soluble total sugar in the apple is determined by referring to the determination method of Gaojunfeng, and V in the apple is determined by referring to Caojiakang's physiological and biochemical experiment guidance after fruit and vegetable harvestCTitratable acid, fruit hardness, soluble solids and moisture content,
2.2.3 determination of soil nutrient index in root zone
And (3) avoiding the fertilizer application point by more than 20cm in 5 days at 11 months, sampling 15-25cm away from the ground surface under the crown of the high-yield big tree, excavating a soil layer by 10cm before sampling, inserting a sampling steel chisel into the soil layer, and taking out soil and sampling according to the required depth. Uniformly selecting 4 points for each tree, taking a soil sample, mixing, sieving the soil sample by using a 20-mesh iron sieve to remove roots and stones, and independently detecting the soil sample of each tree. And (3) detecting the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matters in the soil sample by using a strong TFC-1B type soil nutrient rapid detector, and simultaneously detecting the pH value of the soil by adopting a Kjeldahl method for total nitrogen detection of the soil.
3 results and analysis
3.1 influence of the waste apple branches and organic fertilizer on the soil nutrition index of the root zone of the plateau red Fuji apples
After 2 growing seasons of the test, the organic matter, the hydrolyzable nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium in the soil of the apple root zone are measured, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of waste apple branches and farmyard manure on orchard soil nutrition index
The soil pH value is an important chemical property in soil and is a comprehensive reflection of various chemical properties of soil. As can be seen from Table 1, the pH values of the apple waste branches and organic fertilizers which are applied in different proportions are obviously greater than CK. Wherein, compared with CK, L1, L2 and L4 are improved by 4.8%, and L3, L5 and L6 are improved by 9.5%, which indicates that the pH value of soil can be improved by applying apple waste branches and organic fertilizer in different proportions.
The organic matter content in the soil is closely related to the soil fertility level, so that the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved, and the activity of soil microorganisms can be promoted. As can be seen from the table 1, the organic matter values of the abandoned apple branches and organic fertilizers which are applied in different proportions are obviously greater than that of CK, the difference between L5 and L6 is not obvious, and the difference between L5 and CK is improved by 82.43%. Therefore, in the experiment, 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant plus 60kg of organic fertilizer per plant or 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant plus 70kg of organic fertilizer per plant have the most obvious effect of improving the organic matter content.
Nitrogen can promote the growth of new shoots of fruit trees, improve photosynthetic efficiency, reduce flower and fruit dropping, accelerate fruit expansion and promote flower bud differentiation. As can be seen from Table 1, the hydrolytic nitrogen of the apple waste branches and organic fertilizer applied in different proportions is significantly greater than CK. The difference between L5 and L6 is not obvious, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen of L5 is improved by 17.84 percent compared with CK, the difference between L2 and L4 is not obvious, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen of L2 is improved by 16.22 percent compared with CK, and the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen of soil is improved along with the increase of the distribution ratio.
The soil available phosphorus is a part which can be directly absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees, and the phosphorus is easily fixed by the soil to form an insoluble compound, so that the content of the available phosphorus in the soil can reflect the phosphorus supply capacity of the soil. As can be seen from Table 1, the hydrolytic nitrogen of the apple waste branches and organic fertilizer applied in different proportions is significantly greater than CK. The difference between L5 and L6 is not obvious, the difference between L2 and L4 is not obvious, the effective phosphorus content of L5 is improved by 29.87% compared with CK in L5, the effective phosphorus content of L2 is improved by 23.72% compared with CK, and the whole is increased along with the increase of the proportion.
The potassium element is one of three elements required by the growth of crops, and can promote the growth of fruit trees and improve the quality of fruits. As can be seen from Table 1, the hydrolytic nitrogen of the apple waste branches and organic fertilizer applied in different proportions is significantly greater than CK. The whole increases with increasing dispensing ratio.
In conclusion, the selected fertilization mode has promotion effects on soil fertility improvement and construction of good soil environment for fruit trees. And 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant plus 60kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 10kg of abandoned apple branches per plant plus 70kg of organic fertilizer per plant have the highest improvement on the content of organic matters, hydrolyzable nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the orchard, and the difference is not obvious.
3.2 influence of waste apple branches and organic fertilizer on yield of plateau red Fuji apples
Influence of waste branches of top two apples and organic fertilizer in fruit yield
As can be seen from the table 2, when the apple waste branches and the organic fertilizer in different proportions are applied, the single fruit weight, the single-plant fruiting amount and the single-plant yield are higher than those of 2019 in 2020. In 2019, compared with CK, the weight of the single fruit, the fruiting amount of the single plant and the yield of the single plant are remarkably different, and the differences among L2, L3 and L4 and the differences among L5 and L6 are not obvious. Compared with CK, the single fruit weight of L5 is improved by 14.14%, the single plant yield is improved by 16.53%, and the single plant yield is improved by 33.32%. In 2020, compared with CK, the difference is significant, and the difference between the single fruit weight, the single plant fruiting amount and the single plant yield is not obvious between L5 and L6. Compared with CK, the single fruit weight of L5 is improved by 44.95%, the single plant yield is improved by 24.23%, and the single plant yield is improved by 77.74%.
In conclusion, the single fruit weight and the yield of the apples can be improved to different degrees by using the waste apple branches with different proportions, wherein the yield increasing effect is most obvious by using L5 and L6. The possible reasons are that on one hand, the waste apple branches are matched with the organic fertilizer to activate various nutrient elements in the soil and increase the content of available nutrients in the soil, and on the other hand, the waste apple branches are matched with the organic fertilizer to provide comprehensive nutrient elements, and the nutrient elements in the waste apple branches act synergistically to increase the yield.
3.3 influence of waste apple branches and organic fertilizer on quality of plateau red Fuji apples
Influence of waste branches of apple with organic fertilizer on fruit quality (2019)
From the third table, the hardness of apples of L3, L5 and L6 is not significantly different at the highest and is significantly larger than that of apples of other treatments, and L2 and L4 are not significantly different and are significantly larger than that of CK, the hardness of fruits of the treated groups is improved by 8.23% -26.55% compared with CK, and L5 is improved by 26.55% compared with CK; the soluble solid is highest in terms of L5 and L6, the difference of L1, L3 and L4 is not significant but is significantly larger than CK, the soluble solid of the fruit is 12.72-16.09% higher than CK in a treatment group, and L6 is 16.09% higher than CK; the content of soluble sugar is highest and is not obviously different from L3, L5 and L6, the difference between L2 and L4 is not obvious but is obviously larger than CK, and the content of soluble sugar in a treatment group is improved by 6.40-14.50% compared with CK; the content of Vc is highest as L6, the difference between L2 and L5 is not obvious but is obviously larger than that between L2 and L4, and the content of Vc in a treatment group is improved by 29.44-52.40% compared with CK; in terms of solid acid ratio, L5 and L6 have no significant difference but are significantly larger than other treatments, L1, L2 and L4 have no significant difference but are significantly larger than CK, the solid acid ratio of a treatment group is improved by 19.69% -41.71% compared with CK, and L6 is improved by 41.71% compared with CK; in terms of the sugar-acid ratio, the differences among L3, L5 and L6 are not significant but are significantly larger than those of other treatments, the sugar-acid ratio of the treatment group is improved by 13.05-36.87% compared with CK, and L5 is improved by 36.87% compared with CK.
In conclusion, the apple waste branches and the organic fertilizer are matched to improve the hardness, the soluble solids, the solid-acid ratio, the sugar-acid ratio and the Vc content of the apple fruits, the effects of L5 and L6 are the best, but the input amount of L6 is larger than that of L5.
Influence of waste apple branches and organic fertilizer on fruit quality (2020)
From table four, it can be seen that the apples of L3, L5 and L6 have the highest hardness, which is significantly greater than other treatments, and L2 and L4 have no significant difference but are significantly greater than CK, and the hardness of the fruits of the treated group is increased by 11.23% to 26.46% compared with CK, and L5 is increased by 26.46% compared with CK; the soluble solid has no obvious difference among L4, L5 and L6, the difference among L2, L3 and L4 is not obvious but is obviously larger than CK, the soluble solid of the fruit is 8.14-16.68% higher than CK in the treated group, and the content of L5 is 16.68% higher than CK; the content of soluble sugar is the highest as the content of L5, the difference between L3 and L4 is not obvious and is obviously larger than CK, the content of soluble sugar in a treatment group is improved by 17.34-27.36% compared with CK, wherein the content of L5 is improved by 27.36% compared with CK; the content of Vc is highest as L6, the difference between L2 and L5 is not obvious but is obviously larger than that between L2 and L4, and the content of Vc in a treatment group is improved by 45.06-56.16% compared with CK; in terms of solid acid ratio, L5 and L6 have no significant difference but are significantly larger than other treatments, L1, L2 and L4 have no significant difference but are significantly larger than CK, the solid acid ratio of a treatment group is improved by 44.37% -68.05% compared with CK, and L5 is improved by 68.05% compared with CK; in terms of the sugar-acid ratio, the differences among L3, L5 and L6 are not obvious but are obviously larger than those of other treatments, the sugar-acid ratio of the treatment group is improved by 56.64% -89.22% compared with CK, and L5 is improved by 89.22% compared with CK; the results show that L5 and L6 have the best effect of improving the solid acid ratio, the sugar-acid ratio, the soluble matter content, the soluble sugar content and the Vc content. The overall difference between L5 and L6 was not significant, and the amount of L6 added was greater than that of L5.
According to the third and fourth tables, the hardness and soluble solids of the apple fruits can be remarkably improved by the aid of the waste apple branches and organic fertilizers, and the hardness and soluble solids are not remarkably improved in 2019 and 2020; the content of soluble sugar is increased by 10.94-12.86% in 2020 year compared with that in 2021 year; the Vc content can be increased by the aid of the apple waste branches and organic fertilizer in a matched manner, the overall increase range is not obvious in 2019 and 2020, but the CK content is reduced in 2020; the difference between the solid acid ratio and the sugar acid ratio of the abandoned apple branches and the organic fertilizer in 2019 and 2020 is large, on one hand, the CK quality is reduced along with continuous treatment for 2 years, and on the other hand, the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer have a promoting effect on increasing the apple quality.
4 conclusion and discussion
In the test, apple waste branches without plant diseases and insect pests are selected as raw materials to be matched with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to treat apple trees, fruit tree fertilization research is carried out, and comparison analysis is carried out on quality differences of apples by measuring a plurality of quality evaluation indexes of the apples. The results show that: the waste apple branches, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer have certain influence on the quality of apples, and particularly have obvious influence difference on the solid-acid ratio of apples. It is likely that the waste branches of apples contain some substances which are beneficial for improving the quality of the apples. The waste apple shoots may contain substances that affect the synthesis of soluble solids and titratable acids, which substances, after being absorbed by the apple tree, affect the solid-to-acid ratio of the apple. The fruit branch mixed organic fertilizer prepared by adding a certain amount of apple branches in the farmyard manure composting treatment has the advantages of ecological protection, high benefit, low cost, lasting fertility and the like, can realize the development and cyclic utilization of nutritional energy of the apple branches, and improves the quality of apples.
The test shows that the abandoned apple branches can also influence vitamin C, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, moisture content and hardness of apples, but the influence difference is not obvious. This may be due to the fact that the waste branches of apples have not been sufficiently degraded, or that substances affecting these several criteria have not yet been effective on fruit trees. The crushed waste apple branches are rapidly fermented and composted to treat apple trees, after a period of time, the waste apple branches are completely degraded, and the apple trees absorb nutrient substances or substances converted after the degradation of the apple branches have an improvement effect on the fertility and the structure of soil, so that the quality of apples is influenced.
By applying the abandoned apple branches and the organic fertilizer in a matched manner, on one hand, the consumption of the fertilizer can be relieved, and on the other hand, the soil fertility and the fertility of the orchard can be enhanced. Humic acid and branch ash generated by decomposition of apple branches can be used as fertilizers, so that the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil is improved, the buffering performance is realized, the content of microorganisms in the soil is increased, the pollution of the soil can be reduced, and the variety of orchard species is improved. The apple tree is treated after composting of the apple branches, the rhizosphere environment and the growth and development of the tree body are influenced, the variety and the number of rhizosphere microorganisms are increased, the ecological system of the orchard can be more stable, and the high-quality, green and sustainable development of the orchard can be realized. Can improve the quality of apples, realize high-efficiency and rapid treatment of biomass such as wood and the like, and simultaneously can reduce the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste apple branches.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for distributing apple trees by using apple waste branches and organic fertilizers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: digging fertilizing holes, dripping water lines along the crowns of the apple trees, uniformly digging 2-4 fertilizing holes for each apple tree, wherein the depth of each hole is 25-35cm, the length of each hole is 190-210cm, and the width of each hole is 35-45cm,
s2: and (4) processing apple branches, namely cutting off the apple branches with the length larger than the hole length, so that the outer rings of the apple branches are placed in the fertilizing holes.
2. The method for applying the apple trees by using the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the apple branches are branches without diseases and insect pests.
3. The method for applying the apple trees by using the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S3, apple trees with the age of 10 years are selected as experimental apple trees, and the transverse distance between adjacent apple trees is 380-450cm, and the longitudinal distance is 280-330 cm.
4. The method for applying the apple trees by using the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer as the claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S3, irrigating water according to the soil moisture content, applying fertilizer after rainy season, and irrigating water according to the depth of the rainwater infiltrated soil.
5. The method for applying the apple trees by using the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer used in the S2 contains 30.57% of organic matter; 530.50mg/kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen; 1540.52mg/kg of soil available phosphorus; 8358.06mg/kg of soil quick-acting potassium; the pH of the organic fertilizer is 7.4.
6. The method for applying the apple trees by using the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the apple trees used in the experiment in the S3 have the same growth vigor and are pruned, each apple tree is pruned according to a uniform pruning mode to the same height, and the pruning deviation of the branch expansion diameter is 25-40 cm.
7. The method for applying the apple trees by using the waste apple branches and the organic fertilizer as the claim 1, which is characterized in that: before fertilizing in S3, the quality of the soil for planting the apple trees for experiment is detected, and the organic matter content, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium and the soil pH value in the soil are detected.
8. The method for dispensing apple trees by using the apple waste branches and the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer application holes excavated in the S3 are arc-shaped, the inward concave surfaces of the fertilizer application holes face the trunk of the apple tree, and the distance between the fertilizer application holes and the trunk of the apple tree is 150-200 cm.
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