CN114471447A - 一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114471447A CN114471447A CN202111650552.3A CN202111650552A CN114471447A CN 114471447 A CN114471447 A CN 114471447A CN 202111650552 A CN202111650552 A CN 202111650552A CN 114471447 A CN114471447 A CN 114471447A
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- Prior art keywords
- adsorbent
- palladium
- organic sulfur
- benzene
- carrier
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Links
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
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Images
Classifications
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0233—Compounds of Cu, Ag, Au
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,吸附剂载体为具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝,负载贵金属钯,按质量计,钯负载质量为吸附剂质量的0.4~1.2wt%。吸附剂有机硫活性高,硫容高、稳定性好,寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
己内酰胺是重要的化工单体,其需求量也在逐年递增。己内酰胺生产工艺之一是以苯为原料,以钌-锌为催化剂,苯加氢制环己烯是己内酰胺生产的核心环节。工业苯中含有噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩等芳香族硫化物,这些芳香族硫化物会导致苯加氢制备环己烯的钌系催化剂因中毒而失活,因此工业苯需要有效脱除苯中的有机硫成分。由于苯与噻吩具有相似的化学和物理性质,在常用的燃料脱硫吸附剂上存在竞争吸附,所以燃料脱硫吸附剂、加氢脱硫难以去除苯中芳香硫化物,使苯达到精制苯的纯度(硫含量小于10ppb)。因此近年来国内外研究者将深度脱硫方法集中在吸附脱硫,尤其是以贵金属钯为吸附剂的深度脱硫吸附剂的研究。
目前,工业中主要采用钯氧化铝吸附剂,通过添加不同助剂,或者采用碱金属或者碱土金属或稀土元素改性载体,从而改善吸附剂的脱硫深度及硫容。
CN102806062A涉及一种用于苯精制脱硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法及其产品和应用,采用二种不同方法制备的氧化铝粉体以滚球成型或挤压成型或滴球成型方式制得的¢1.0~3.0mm球形氧化铝载体,经过碱金属及碱土金属处理,分二次将活性成份钯及其他过渡金属盐浸渍或喷涂在载体上,浸完后必须用还原剂加其他盐类还原处理。本发明方法制得的钯吸附剂堆比重为0.40~0.55kg/l,含有钯0.8~1.2%wt,用于苯精制吸硫过程,苯中硫含量经吸附后降为1~2ppb,使用空速为1~10hr-1,使用温度为100~200℃,使用压力为8atm~10atm。经本发明产品处理后的苯可满足苯加氢生产环己烷过程中苯原料的质量要求。CN103480325A提供一种苯精制脱硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法及其产品和应用,该用于苯精制脱硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法包括以下制备步骤:(1)将醋酸钯溶于有机溶剂中,配成钯液;并任选向钯液中配入酸;(2)将氧化铝载体放入(1)配好的钯液中,加温至30~70℃,浸渍时间为20~60分钟;(3)浸渍完毕后利用旋转蒸发仪将有机溶剂进行回收,同时获得浓缩的钯吸附剂;(4)将(3)制备的钯吸附剂放入烘箱在60~150℃进行烘干;(5)将(4)烘干的吸附剂放入焙烧炉中在含氧气氛下250~600℃焙烧2~8小时,冷至室温,即制得钯吸附剂。该发明硫容0.90g噻吩/kg催化剂,钯含量高,达到1%,硫容低。CN103041766A提供一种用于精苯深度脱硫的吸附剂及其制备方法,该吸附剂以氧化铝或以钾钠镧改性的氧化铝为载体负载贵金属钯,以重量计其至少包括以下组分:贵金属钯含量0.3~1.5%;钠含量0~3%;钾含量0~3%;镧含量0~5%;剩余含量为氧化铝载体。尤以油柱成型法制造的氧化铝为载体负载贵金属钯脱硫效果最好。该吸附剂对硫具有强吸附能力,能将精苯中总硫从1ppm降到0.01ppm以下,并且该吸附剂硫容大。CN111804268A涉及一种用于精苯深度脱硫的串珠形Pd-Ni吸附剂。本发明的串珠形Pd-Ni吸附剂是一种由直径为5~12nm的珠粒串连成数百纳米长的串珠纳米链,珠粒形状、大小均匀,串珠纳米粒子链无分支、分布有序、尺寸均匀。上述串珠形Pd-Ni吸附剂的制备方法采用水热法,将金属Pd、Ni的前驱盐与表面活性剂及还原剂混合均匀后,转移到反应釜中,反应完成后,纯化干燥后即得产物。本发明制备的串珠形吸附剂通过引入另一金属Ni,降低成本的同时,限制Pd粒子的生长及团聚,两者形成的串珠结构结合了一维纳米链和纳米粒子的优势,分散性好、表面积大、结构稳定、脱硫效果好;且制备工艺简单、有利于规模化生产。
CN112424150A公开了一种包含单原子分散的阳离子金或钌或钯或铂物质的催化剂及其制备方法。用于制备催化剂的方法,所述方法包括将金前驱体、钌前驱体、钯前驱体或铂前驱体,溶剂和负载物质进行组合,其中,所述溶剂包括有机溶剂并且所述溶剂不包括有机王水。等于或大于约80%的金或钌或钯或铂是单原子分散的。CN112547112A公开了一种钯系脱除苯中微量硫化物的催化剂,所述催化剂包括活性组分、助剂、多孔载体,所述助剂和所述活性组分被所述多孔载体包裹,形成核壳结构,所述活性组分为钯,所述助剂为氧化铈和氧化铜、氧化镍或氧化铁的一种或多种,所述多孔载体为ZSM-5分子筛,在制备活性组分、助剂沉淀物以及ZSM-5分子筛前驱体中加入环己烷,能形成微乳液,从而使生成的活性组分与助剂沉淀的前驱体中的基团与生成分子筛的羟基等结合,从而形成核壳催化剂,该方法制得的催化剂具有硫容高、活性金属流失小、可再生、易于实现工业化生产的特点,可以在不改变工况条件下直接应用于环己烯生产工艺中的精脱硫工序。
脱硫催化剂的载体常见的有氧化铝、氧化硅等,但载体的原料、制备方法等不同导致载体性能有很大差异,不同载体制备的催化剂性能也大不相同。CN105347370A公开了一种针状氧化铝的制备方法,该方法以纯度为99.999%的高纯异丙醇铝和纯水为原料,异丙醇作溶剂,硝酸作形貌调节剂,将高纯异丙醇铝溶于异丙醇中配制成溶液,纯水与异丙醇、硝酸混合配制成另一溶液,两溶液同时滴加于异丙醇中,在60~80℃水浴加热和搅拌条件下,异丙醇铝分子与水分子发生反应生成水合氧化铝,然后经过过滤、干燥、焙烧得到晶体形貌为针状的高纯氧化铝粉体,同时对异丙醇进行回收利用。本发明还公开了利用该方法制备获得的针状氧化铝。该发明的方法具有反应速度可控、反应均匀、操作简单的特点,利用该方法制备获得的产品可应用于对形貌有特殊要求的领域。该专利虽然制备出针状氧化铝,但是成本太高,不适和在工业上大规模使用。CN105618073B公开一种基于氧化铝晶面调控的轻质烃类脱硫醇催化剂,该发明水热处理调控后的γ-氧化铝,具有高度暴露的(1 11)和(1 1 0)晶面,使得催化剂中的活性金属镍(Ni)和钼(Mo)可在该γ-氧化铝晶面上实现晶面选择优选负载,金属Ni优先负载在新暴露的(1 1 1)晶面上,而金属Mo优先负载在新暴露的(1 1 0)晶面上。同时,二种活性金属也通过分别与改性后的γ-氧化铝(1 1 1)和(1 10)晶面的作用形成了两种不同的活性晶面,从而获得了高活性和高选择性的轻质烃类脱硫醇催化剂。该发明γ-氧化铝载体制备方法是用酸性水溶液对γ-氧化铝进行处理,再浸渍钼和镍,用于FCC原料油加氢脱硫醇和/或二烯烃,未能脱除噻吩。脱硫醇处理后的油品硫醇硫含量7ppm。该催化剂不适用于苯精制脱除硫含量小于10ppb。CN1013917992A公开了一种针状α-氧化铝的制备方法,用工业级氢氧化铝与氢氧化钾反应制备出铝酸钾溶液,然后加入针状氢氧化铝晶种进行分解,得到细长的针状氢氧化铝,把所得到的氢氧化铝在900℃左右经过煅烧得到γ-氧化铝,γ-氧化铝中添加促进晶体发育和提高转化率的添加剂,混合均匀后在高温炉中煅烧得到α-针状氧化铝。该专利虽然制备出α-针状氧化铝,但是纯度低,不超过99.9%,不符合高纯度陶瓷的应用要求。CN111484052A公开一种针刺状氧化铝载体的制备方法,通过扩孔处理,有效的实现了定向腐蚀,并提高了孔容,方便后续的氧化铝溶胶的涂覆。所述硅孔道结构完整,界面清晰,孔道均匀,获得的氧化铝为针刺状结构。上述方法制备的针状氧化铝并没有应用于苯精制脱硫反应钯、铂催化剂中,使苯达到精制苯的纯度(硫含量小于10ppb)。
现有Pd/Al2O3吸附剂存在钯易团聚、寿命短,吸附量有限,钯含量高等技术问题。增加吸附剂的噻吩吸附容量(硫容)也是工业化吸附剂重要指标,可以显著降低成本。因此急需开发具有高硫容、钯不易团聚、工业应用寿命长的苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂。
发明内容
本发明提供一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,贵金属钯负载在具有介孔结构的多孔针状氧化铝表面上,制备具有高硫容、钯不易团聚、寿命长、高分散的钯吸附剂。
苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂载体为具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝,贵金属钯为活性组分,介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体具有独特的表面结构和高比表面积,将活性组分钯金属粒子锚定在载体表面上,贵金属钯高度分散,无团聚现象,吸附剂吸附脱噻吩等有机硫活性高,硫容高、稳定性好,寿命长。
一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,吸附剂载体为具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝,负载贵金属钯,按质量计,钯负载质量为吸附剂质量的0.4~1.2wt%,优选0.5-1.0wt%,更优选0.4-0.8wt%。
进一步改进,苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂还包括Ag组分,形成Pd-Ag双组分吸附剂,Ag负载质量为钯吸附剂质量的0.01~0.5wt%。Ag的引入,有助于抑制钯吸附剂高温焙烧条件下钯组分的团聚,以及有效的调控活性组分Pd表面的电子结构,使其对噻吩在钯表面吸附时具有更强的电子作用能力,提高吸附剂的活性,提高硫容。
本发明前驱体钯的来源为不含氯化物的钯盐,不加以限制,优选硝酸钯、醋酸钯、乙酰丙酮钯。
一种具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体制备方法,将铝源溶于水,加入沉淀剂,密闭条件下,在100~180℃温度下转动搅拌,进行沉淀反应6~8h后,产物经过滤、洗涤至中性,经烘干、粉碎后所得粉末经捏合、成型、干燥,并在500~600℃焙烧4~8h得到氧化铝载体。
所述铝源包括九水硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3·9H2O)、十八水硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3.18H2O)、六水三氯化铝(AlCl3·6H2O)中的一种或几种。所述沉淀剂包括尿素、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种或几种,所述转动搅拌的转速为200~550rpm。所述沉淀剂与Al3+的摩尔比为4~8:1,优选5~8:1。
上述具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体制备方法中捏合、成型、干燥等步骤并不加以限制,本领域常规方法即可。
本发明在密闭条件下,在130~180℃温度下转动搅拌,所述转速优选200~450rpm,更优选200~400rpm或260~450rpm,有利于促进氧化铝载体形成具有更加丰富的介孔高比表面积和形状更均匀的针状结构,可以使活性组分高度分散从而提供更多的活性吸附位点,同时促成活性组分钯粒子锚定在其表面上。转速低于160rpm不利于氧化铝载体形成具有更加丰富的介孔高比表面积和形状更均匀的针状结构。
本发明氧化铝载体不宜在超过650℃以上的高温下焙烧,高温焙烧会导致氧化铝比表面积降低,不利于钯粒子在氧化铝表面上高度分散且无法达到促成活性组分钯粒子锚定在其表面上的目的。
一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法,含钯前驱体与溶剂混合,再将载体加入其中,浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,经70~95℃真空干燥7~17h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下,在300-500℃的温度下焙烧4~8h,在80-200℃条件下氢气还原4-12小时,得到Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。
上述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法中,所述溶剂为乙醚、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、甲苯中的一种或几种,优选异丙醇及甲苯,其中加入溶剂的体积(mL)与载体体积的比为1.5:1~5.0:1,优选1.5:1-4:1。
更进一步地,本发明提供一种改进的苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法,含Pd和Ag的前驱体化合物与溶剂混合,再将载体加入其中,浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,经70~95℃真空干燥7~17h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下在400~600℃的温度焙烧4~8h,用氢气在80-200℃下还原4-12小时,得到含Ag的Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。
具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体浸渍活性组分后得到的产物经70~95℃真空干燥7~17h,干燥后的产品在400~600℃的温度焙烧4~8小时,有效控制钯粒子聚集长大,提高了吸附剂的稳定性。
钯,银前驱体的化合物并不加以限制,优选硝酸银。
钯,银前驱体的化合物同时与具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体混合浸渍,这样Pd分散性好,金属利用率高,有效节约贵金属用量。
按照本发明方法制备的载体,用于制备苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,吸附剂比表面积210~340m2/g,比表面积优选240~280m2/g或者260~300m2/g,再或者280~335m2/g;孔容0.5~0.8cm3/g范围,优选0.55~~0.75cm3/g,更优选0.55~~0.70cm3/g。平均孔径8~30nm,优选10~22nm。
苯脱硫吸附反应中,噻吩分子的大小约为2.5nm,由于按照本发明制备方法制备的针状氧化铝具有丰富的介孔结构(8~30nm),可以使噻吩吸附时避免产生微孔填充效应,有利于噻吩分子快速到达吸附位点完成吸附反应。
本发明合成的氧化铝载体具有针状结构,载体长度适中,本发明针状氧化铝载体长度约为5~25um,优选10~20um。比表面积大于200m2/g,孔径大于8nm,针状的氧化铝具有独特的表面结构和高的比表面积,将活性组分钯/银粒子锚定在其表面上,使得钯金属粒子高度分散,且无团聚现象。对噻吩等有机硫有着很强的吸附能力,吸附剂吸附脱噻吩等有机硫活性高且具有很好的稳定性,贵金属用量少,稳定性好,大大降低了经济成本。本发明吸附剂钯负载质量优选为吸附剂质量的0.4-0.8wt%。而且大的介孔可以满足噻吩分子进入孔道传质到反应吸附位;有效硫容达2g噻吩/Kg吸附剂以上,硫容远高于目前商业化的钯氧化铝吸附剂。
本发明脱硫吸附剂解决了钯/氧化铝脱硫吸附剂钯金属粒子易于团聚,分散性差,稳定性差,硫容低,介孔结构少、贵金属的负载量高等技术问题。用于苯精制脱硫反应使苯达到精制苯的纯度(硫含量小于10ppb)。
附图表说明
图1为实施例1针状氧化铝载体的SEM图。
图2为实施列1针状氧化铝载体的等温吸脱附图。
图3为实施列1针状氧化铝载体的孔径分布图。
图1为实施例1针状氧化铝载体的SEM图,从图1针状氧化铝载体的SEM表征结果可知,制备的氧化铝以针状的形貌存在。其针状氧化铝载体的长约10~25um,宽约5um的二维材料。图2是实施列1中制备的针状氧化铝载体的等温吸脱附图,从等温吸脱附图可以看出,该吸附等温线属于IV型曲线且在相对压力(p/p0)为0.65~0.90处出现了H3迟滞环,这表明氧化铝载体属于介孔材料。图3为实施列1针状氧化铝载体的氧化铝孔径分布图,从图3孔径分布图可以看出氧化铝载体有丰富的介孔,孔径分布在8~120nm区间,平均孔径25nm,该结果与吸附等温线结果一致,说明氧化铝属于介孔材料。
本发明所述针状氧化铝载体,具有像针一样一端粗一端为针刺状的形貌,而且形状非常均匀,贵金属钯负载在具有介孔结构的多孔针状氧化铝表面上,制备的钯吸附剂具有高硫容、钯不易团聚、寿命长、高分散的特点,用于苯精制脱硫反应,使苯达到精制苯的纯度(硫含量小于10ppb)。
具体实施方式
本发明以下实施例详细描述都是例示性的,并不构成对本发明的限制,本发明所用试剂均可市售,也可自制。
实施例1
1、具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体的制备
将5mol硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3·9H2O)溶于1000mL去离子水中然后转移到5000mL聚四氟乙烯容器中。然后向上述溶液中添加浓度为5mol/L的6000mL尿素溶液,密闭容器。在150℃,转速300rpm下,沉淀7h。最后,过滤产物并用去离子水洗涤到pH=7,将所得的滤饼80℃真空干燥12h,将干燥后产物粉碎后成型约2mm颗粒,160℃干燥3小时,并在550℃焙烧4h得到氧化铝载体。所述尿素沉淀剂与Al3+的摩尔比为6:1,针状氧化铝载体长度约为20um。
2、吸附剂制备
将钯质量含量为0.51g的前驱体硝酸钯与异丙醇溶液混合溶解,50g氧化铝载体加入硝酸钯的异丙醇溶液中,异丙醇溶剂的体积(mL)与载体体积的比为2:1,经浸渍、洗涤后,90℃真空干燥10h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下在500℃的温度焙烧5.5h,并在氢气流中90℃还原8小时,得到Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。吸附剂的物理参数见表1。
实施例2
1、具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体的制备
将5mol十八水硫酸铝Al2(SO4)3.18H2O溶于1000mL去离子水中然后转移到5000mL聚四氟乙烯容器中。然后向上述溶液中添加浓度为8mol/L的3750mL氨水溶液,密闭容器。在140℃,转速340rpm下,沉淀6h。最后,过滤产物并用去离子水洗涤到pH=7,将所得的滤饼70℃真空干燥10h,将干燥后产物粉碎后成型约2mm颗粒,150℃干燥4小时,并在570℃焙烧6h得到氧化铝载体。所述氨水沉淀剂与Al3+的摩尔比为6:1,针状氧化铝载体长度约为18um。
2、吸附剂制备
将钯的前驱体乙酰丙酮钯与甲苯溶液混合,50g氧化铝载体加入乙酰丙酮钯与甲苯溶液中,甲苯溶剂的体积(mL)与载体体积的比为1.5:1,经浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,80℃真空干燥12h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下在450℃的温度焙烧7h,并在氢气流中130℃还原8小时,得到Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。吸附剂的物理参数见表1。
实施例3
1、具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体的制备
将4mol六水三氯化铝(AlCl3·6H2O)溶于1000mL去离子水中然后转移到5000mL聚四氟乙烯容器中。然后向上述溶液中添加浓度为6mol/L的3000mL氢氧化钠溶液,密闭容器。在160℃,转速320rpm下,沉淀7h。最后,过滤产物并用去离子水洗涤到pH=7,将所得的滤饼80℃真空干燥12h,将干燥后产物粉碎后成型约2mm颗粒,130℃干燥5小时,并在530℃焙烧7h得到氧化铝载体。所述氢氧化钠沉淀剂与Al3+的摩尔比为4.5:1,针状氧化铝载体长度约为22um。
2、吸附剂制备
将钯的前驱体乙酰丙酮钯与甲苯溶液混合,50g氧化铝载体加入乙酰丙酮钯与甲苯溶液中,甲苯溶剂的体积(mL)与载体体积的比为2:1,经浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,80℃真空干燥12h,干燥后的产品在高纯氮气条件下在480℃的温度焙烧7h,并在氢气流中90℃还原8小时,得到Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。吸附剂的物理参数见表1。
实施例4
1、具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体的制备
具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体的制备方法步骤同实施例1,铝源为十八水硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3.18H2O),密闭容器,转速260rpm,所述尿素沉淀剂与Al3+的摩尔比为7.5:1,在580℃焙烧4h得到针状氧化铝载体,针状氧化铝载体长度约为17um。
2、吸附剂制备
将钯的前驱体硝酸钯、硝酸银与异丙醇溶液混合,50g氧化铝载体加入硝酸钯、硝酸银与丙酮混合物中,异丙醇溶剂的体积(mL)与载体体积的比为2.5:1,经浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,80℃真空干燥12h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下在500℃的温度焙烧7h,并在氢气流中120℃还原8小时,得到Pd-Ag/Al2O3吸附剂。吸附剂的物理参数见表1。
对比例1
以市售具有介孔结构的非针状氧化铝为载体,制备钯氧化铝吸附剂。吸附剂的物理参数见表1。
对比例2
以CN105618073B实施例2的载体为载体,按照本申请实施例1的方法浸渍钯,浸渍质量与实施例1相同。
实施例吸附剂1-4及对比例吸附剂的硫容测试采用固定床反应器评价,以噻吩为探针分子,将苯原料中的噻吩浓度配制为0.5-1.0ppm,催化剂装填50毫升。质量空速为3h-1,反应温度140℃,压力为1.0MPa。收集流出的液体冷却到室温,然后采用G B/T14327-2009检测,当经过吸附后中的苯原料中噻吩浓度为10ppb时既Ct/C0=0.01时,试验结束。然后计算出吸附剂的硫容。
吸附剂的硫容计算公式如下:
q为吸附剂的硫容,单位为mg硫/g吸附剂,v是进料流速,单位为mL/min,m为吸附剂的质量,单位为g,C0为流入溶液中噻吩的浓度,Ct为流出溶液中噻吩的浓度,单位均为ppm。
吸附剂评价结果见表2。
本发明实施例吸附剂1-4有效控制钯粒子聚集长大,提高了吸附剂的稳定性。钯系吸附剂贵金属负载质量低,有效硫容高,有效硫容达2g噻吩/Kg吸附剂以上,硫容远高于目前商业化的钯氧化铝吸附剂。
表1吸附剂的物理参数表
表2吸附剂评价结果
本发明苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂载体为具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝,贵金属钯为活性组分,介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体具有独特的表面结构和高的比表面积,吸附剂比表面积210~340m2/g,比表面积优选240~280m2/g或者260~300m2/g,再或者280~335m2/g;孔容0.5~0.8cm3/g范围,优选0.55~~0.75cm3/g,更优选0.55~~0.70cm3/g。平均孔径8~30nm,优选10~22nm。氧化铝载体形成具有更加丰富的介孔高比表面积和形状更均匀的针状结构,可以使活性组分高度分散从而提供更多的活性吸附位点,同时促成活性组分钯粒子锚定在其表面上。本发明制备的针状氧化铝具有丰富的介孔结构(8~30nm),可以使噻吩吸附时避免产生微孔填充效应,有利于噻吩分子快速到达吸附位点完成吸附反应。贵金属钯高度分散,无团聚现象,吸附剂吸附脱噻吩等有机硫活性高,硫容高,硫容达到2.22g/Kg吸附剂、稳定性好,寿命长。相比其他钯吸附剂,本发明钯含量低,钯质量含量可以为0.5-0.8,可大大降低吸附剂的成本。实施例4钯,银前驱体的化合物同时与具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体混合浸渍,这样Pd分散性好,金属利用率高,有效节约贵金属用量。
实施例吸附剂1-4吸附反应后出口噻吩含量均低于10ppb。
Claims (10)
1.一种苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,吸附剂载体为具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝,负载贵金属钯,按质量计,钯负载质量为吸附剂质量的0.4~1.2wt%,优选0.5-1.0wt%,更优选0.4-0.8wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,所述苯精制脱硫吸附剂包括Ag组分,形成Pd-Ag双组分吸附剂,Ag负载质量为钯吸附剂质量的0.01~0.5wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2任一项所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,所述吸附剂比表面积200~350m2/g,比表面积优选235~290m2/g或者优选275~335m2/g,孔容0.5~0.8cm3/g范围,优选0.55~~0.75cm3/g,更优选0.55~~0.70cm3/g;平均孔径8~30nm,优选10~22nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,所述具有介孔结构的针状氧化铝载体的制备方法如下:将铝源溶于水,并加入沉淀剂,所述沉淀剂与Al3+的摩尔比为4~8:1,优选5~8:1;密闭条件下,在130~180℃温度下转动搅拌,转动搅拌的转速为200~550rpm,进行沉淀反应6~8h后,产物经过滤、洗涤至中性,经烘干、粉碎后所得粉末经捏合、成型、干燥,并在500~600℃焙烧4~8h得到氧化铝载体。
5.根据权利要求4所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,所述铝源包括九水硝酸铝、十八水硫酸铝、六水三氯化铝中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求4所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,所述沉淀剂包括尿素、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求4所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂,其特征在于,所述转动搅拌的转速为200~450rpm,更优选200~400rpm或260~450rpm。
8.一种权利要求1所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:含钯前驱体与溶剂混合,再将载体加入其中,浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,经70~95℃真空干燥7~17h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下,在300-500℃的温度下焙烧4~8h,在80-200℃条件下氢气还原4-12小时,得到Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。
9.一种权利要求2所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:含Pd和Ag的前驱体化合物与溶剂混合,再将载体加入其中,浸渍、过滤、洗涤后,经70~95℃真空干燥7~17h,干燥后的产品在氮气条件下,在400~600℃的温度下焙烧4~8h,在80-200℃条件下氢气还原4-12小时,得到含Ag的Pd/Al2O3吸附剂。
10.根据权利要求8或9任一项所述苯精制深度脱除有机硫的钯吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为乙醚、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、甲苯中的一种或几种。优选异丙醇及甲苯,其中加入溶剂的体积(mL)与载体体积的比为1.5:1~5.0:1,优选1.5:1-4:1。
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