CN110882684A - 一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
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- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002149 hierarchical pore Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HDVPIMZXLWNIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin Chemical compound [Ni].c1cc2nc1c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc(n1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c2-c1ccccc1 HDVPIMZXLWNIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSECJOPEZIAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S--].[S--].[S--].[S--].[S--].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [S--].[S--].[S--].[S--].[S--].[V+5].[V+5] KSECJOPEZIAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体及其制备方法和应用,涉及催化剂载体领域。所述氧化铝载体包含有由针状纳米晶体组装而成的微米球,所述微米球自身堆积形成相互连通的大孔,所述针状纳米晶体的长度为8~12nm,微米球的直径为1~3μm,大孔的直径为100~500nm,介孔的直径为10~25nm。提供一种简单的水热法合成由氧化铝纳米晶组装而成的氧化铝微米球。该微米球具有介孔和显著的机械性能及化学稳定性。无需传统的造孔过程,微米球在后续成型工艺中一步组装形成具有大孔(>100nm)结构的载体颗粒。这种具有优质二级孔结构和高比表面积的氧化铝使得活性金属在该载体上得到较好的分散,从而表现出优异的催化活性和稳定性,为重油加氢处理载体的选择提供有效的替代方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂载体领域,尤其涉及一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
石油作为马达燃料和重要的化工原料的来源,其开采量不断增加导致原油的重质化、劣质化日趋严重。将重质油中的重金属如Ni和V有效脱除,以产出优质、清洁的燃料越来越受到人们的关注。渣油加氢-催化裂化是获取轻质油的一种最成熟有效的工艺。目前,工业上典型的固定床渣油加氢催化剂体系构成是:处于反应器前部的加氢脱金属(HDM)催化剂,反应器中部的加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂以及反应器后部的加氢脱氮(HDN)催化剂。其中,亟待解决的最大难题就是HDM催化剂使用寿命短,通常为1年。
在重油加氢工艺中,焦炭和金属的沉积物以及活性组分的不可逆烧结导致催化剂的使用周期短。由于重油的分子直径比常规的瓦斯油分子直径大,且含有卟啉镍和卟啉钒等金属化合物,在装置运转间期生成的硫化镍和硫化钒等化合物易覆盖在催化剂颗粒表面,进而影响重油大分子向催化剂内部的扩散。因此,理想的HDM催化剂载体首先应有较大的比表面积从而有利于活性组分的分散,形成更多的活性位点。其次从载体颗粒表面到颗粒中心应具有大于百纳米的贯穿大孔,使其具有更大的容金属能力,从而提高催化剂的使用寿命。多级孔氧化铝作为HDM催化剂载体,有利于提高其传质与传热效率以及容纳更多的固体沉积物从而延长催化剂的使用寿命。
根据文献报道,使用模板剂所制得的多级孔氧化铝载体,其大孔来源于模板剂去除所留下的空隙。这种采用硬模板法合成的氧化铝热稳定性差且晶体纯度较低,其通透性较差且多节点。软模板法需向体系中添加昂贵的有机模板剂,且合成过程步骤多,难以控制,使得在工业上大规模使用受到限制。
中国专利CN 106673033 A报道了核壳结构氧化铝微米球的制备方法,由片状氧化铝穿插组装而成内径2~4μm、外径3~5μm的氧化铝微米球。该氧化铝制备方法简单、纯度高、粒径均一,但机械强度较差,不利于工业化生产和应用。
中国专利CN 104708009 A报道了均相沉淀法制备的纳米氧化铝,该方法制备简单,形貌优良,产品的形貌和尺寸可控,但不具备优质的二级孔结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中的上述问题,提供一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体及其制备方法和应用,通过简单无模板水热方法制备具有独特结构的介孔氧化铝微米球,无需传统的造孔过程,通过成型工艺,微米球自身堆积形成具有相互连通性的大孔,从而形成具有优质二级孔结构的加氢脱金属催化剂载体。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体,所述氧化铝载体包含有由针状纳米晶体组装而成的微米球,所述微米球自身堆积形成相互连通的大孔。
所述针状纳米晶体的长度为8~12nm,微米球的直径为1~3μm,大孔的直径为100~500nm,介孔的直径为10~25nm。
所述氧化铝载体的比表面积为100~380m2/g。
上述具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)首先将硫酸铝、尿素和少量有机结构导向剂溶解在水中以得到澄清液,然后将该澄清液转移到在密闭容器中,最后将密闭容器置于烘箱中进行反应;
2)反应结束后将密闭容器冷却至室温,然后将密闭容器内的沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧和成型,即得到具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体。
步骤1)中,尿素与硫酸铝的摩尔比为(1~15):1。
所述有机结构导向剂为有机胺或者季铵盐,所述有机结构导向剂与硫酸铝的摩尔比为(0.01~1):1。
步骤1)中,反应温度为100~150℃,反应时间为10~24h。
步骤2)中,干燥温度为60~100℃,干燥时间为12~24h,焙烧温度为400~900℃,焙烧时间为4~10h。
上述具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的应用,所述氧化铝载体作为加氢脱金属的催化剂载体。
上述具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的应用,所述氧化铝载体用于吸附分离领域。
相对于现有技术,本发明技术方案取得的有益效果是:
1、本发明所述氧化铝载体具有如下性质:由高结晶度的氧化铝纳米晶组装成具有独特结构和高机械强度的介孔氧化铝微米球。该微米球经后续的成型工艺后,无需传统的造孔过程,而是由其自身堆叠形成具有连通性的大孔。球间大孔和微米球自身的介孔共存使得所制载体具有高比表面积和优质二级孔结构。这种大孔-介孔共存的氧化铝载体使活性组分较好地分散,在加氢脱金属(HDM)反应中表现出高催化活性和稳定性,为重油加氢处理载体的选择提供了有效的替代方案。
2、本发明所述氧化铝载体易于制备,方法简单,且比表面积大,也适合用于其他催化剂载体和吸附分离等领域。
3、所述氧化铝载体的大孔可通过调整微米球直径来调控,介孔孔径可以通过调变氧化铝纳米晶尺寸来调控。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的氧化铝载体的扫描电镜图;
图2为对比例2制备的氧化铝载体的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚、明白,以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明做进一步详细说明。
所述具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先将硫酸铝、尿素和少量有机结构导向剂溶解在去离子水中以得到澄清液,并将该澄清液转移到在水热釜中,最后将水热釜置于烘箱进行反应,反应温度为100~150℃,反应时间为10~24h;其中,所述有机结构导向剂为有机胺或者季铵盐,尿素与硫酸铝的摩尔比为(1~15):1,有机结构导向剂与硫酸铝的摩尔比为(0.01~1):1;
(2)反应结束后将水热釜冷却至室温,然后将水热釜内的沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧和成型,得到具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体;具体地,干燥温度为60~100℃,干燥时间为12~24h,焙烧温度为400~900℃,焙烧时间为4~10h。
将上述制备的氧化铝载体作为加氢脱金属(HDM)的催化剂载体,HDM催化剂的制备方法如下:
(1)取一定量的钼酸铵和硝酸镍溶解于去离子水中;
(2)取上述所制得的氧化铝载体饱和浸渍于步骤1)溶液中12h,然后再置于120℃的烘箱恒温干燥12h,最后在马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h,即得到系列负载MoO3和NiO的催化剂;作为对比,以工业氧化铝为载体,用相同的制备方法负载同剂量的活性组分制得对比剂。
上述制成的加氢脱金属(HDM)催化剂的应用方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)取0.25g催化剂置于固定床石英反应管中,在H2S气氛下,恒温400℃硫化2h;
(2)待硫化结束后,取出该催化剂加入到高压反应釜中,然后向高压反应釜中添加40mL初始浓度为100ppm的四苯基卟啉镍(Ni-TPP),填充氢气压力为3MPa,在210℃反应4h,取出液相产物采用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪计算四苯基卟啉镍的转化率。
实施例1
(1)将34.2g硫酸铝和6.0g尿素及0.75g六次甲基四胺(HMTA)溶解在60mL去离子水中,将该澄清液转移到100mL的水热釜,水热釜置于烘箱120℃热处理24h。用冰水冷却至室温后将沉淀过滤、洗涤、在60℃下干燥24h。然后将所得的前驱体在马弗炉中550℃焙烧4h,在2MPa的压力下压片成型,过筛得20~40目的氧化铝载体颗粒,其扫描电镜图如图1所示。
(2)按照上述HDM催化剂的制备方法制备氧化铝载体负载MoO3 12%和NiO 3%的催化剂,并用该催化剂进行加氢脱金属性能评价。
实施例2
(1)氧化铝载体的制备方法同实施例1,只是改变六次甲基四胺添加量为0.5g,尿素添加量为3.0g,尿素和硫酸铝的摩尔比为5:1。
(2)按照上述HDM催化剂的制备方法制备氧化铝载体负载MoO3 12%和NiO 3%的催化剂,并用该催化剂进行加氢脱金属性能评价。
实施例3
(1)氧化铝载体的制备方法同实施例1,只是改变有机结构导向剂为乙二胺,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为18h。
(2)按照上述HDM催化剂的制备方法制备氧化铝载体负载MoO3 12%和NiO 3%的催化剂,并用该催化剂进行加氢脱金属性能评价。
实施例4
(1)氧化铝载体的制备方法同实施例1,只是改变有机结构导向剂为四乙基溴化铵,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为20h。
(2)按照上述HDM催化剂的制备方法制备氧化铝载体负载MoO3 12%和NiO 3%的催化剂,并用该催化剂进行加氢脱金属性能评价。
对比例1
以工业氧化铝为载体,按照上述HDM催化剂的制备方法负载同剂量的活性组分制得对比剂。
对比例2
氧化铝载体的制备方法同实施例1,只是未加入任何结构导向剂,得到不具多级孔结构的纳米棒状氧化铝,其扫描电镜图如图2所示。
将以上实施例和对比例所制的催化剂,按照上述加氢脱金属(HDM)催化剂的应用方法进行活性测试,各催化剂的活性和结构参数见表1。
表1
从表1可以看出,以具有优质二级孔结构的氧化铝为载体的催化剂加氢脱金属性能显著提高。其最高的脱金属率(98.1%),显著高于商业氧化铝为载体的催化剂(57.1%)。这是由于多级孔的特点,使得反应物很容易扩散到催化剂的内部,并且介孔内负载有高分散的活性组分,暴露出大量的活性位点,从而提高催化剂的活性。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体,其特征在于:所述氧化铝载体包含有由针状纳米晶体组装而成的微米球,所述微米球自身堆积形成相互连通的大孔。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体,其特征在于:所述针状纳米晶体的长度为8~12nm,微米球的直径为1~3μm,大孔的直径为100~500nm,介孔的直径为10~25nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体,其特征在于:所述氧化铝载体的比表面积为100~380m2/g。
4.权利要求1~3所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)首先将硫酸铝、尿素和少量有机结构导向剂溶解在水中以得到澄清液,然后将该澄清液转移到在密闭容器中,最后将密闭容器置于烘箱中进行反应;
2)反应结束后将密闭容器冷却至室温,然后将密闭容器内的沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧和成型,即得到具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,其特征在于:尿素与硫酸铝的摩尔比为(1~15):1。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机结构导向剂为有机胺或者季铵盐,所述有机结构导向剂与硫酸铝的摩尔比为(0.01~1):1。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,反应温度为100~150℃,反应时间为10~24h。
8.如权利要求4所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,干燥温度为60~100℃,干燥时间为12~24h,焙烧温度为400~900℃,焙烧时间为4~10h。
9.权利要求1~3所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的应用,其特征在于:所述氧化铝载体作为加氢脱金属的催化剂载体。
10.权利要求1~3所述的一种具有二级孔结构的氧化铝载体的应用,其特征在于:所述氧化铝载体用于吸附分离领域。
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