CN114402929B - Sand prevention and sand fixation method combining semi-natural regeneration and grazing of sweetened bean paste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sand prevention and fixation method combining semi-natural updating and grazing of sweetened bean paste. The method comprises the circulation of a plurality of steps of sowing, irrigating, mowing, harvesting-free, seed reserving and grazing, and the aim of one-time sowing and multi-year updating of the oil sand beans is fulfilled. The method fully utilizes the root system and underground rhizome of the garden balsam pea to form a net structure, adopts the measures of no harvesting and no tillage, avoids the occurrence of bare land in the field in spring, and realizes the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation; by controlling the irrigation water-cut-off time and keeping the soil dry, the limitation of overwintering of the oil hyacinth seeds is broken through, the situation that the seeds which are not harvested and stored are overwintering smoothly is ensured, and the natural updating of the oil hyacinth in the field is realized; measures of summer cutting and spring grazing are taken, the characteristic that the oil sweetened bean leaves are rich in nutrition and high in palatability is utilized, the problem of feed shortage is relieved, and certain economic benefit is achieved. The method is suitable for the agricultural area with frequent wind and sand generation at the front edge of the desert or the front edge of the oasis in the extreme arid region, provides a new technology for wind prevention and sand fixation at the front edge of the desert in the extreme arid region, and also provides a new way for increasing the income of local farmers.

Description

Sand prevention and sand fixation method combining semi-natural updating and grazing of sweetened bean paste

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ecological environment management, is suitable for desert edge (front of oasis) areas in extreme arid regions, and is a novel ecological economic sand prevention and fixation method for planting garden balsam beans in a semi-natural updating mode and combining grass planting and grazing.

Background

In the front desert area of extremely arid areas (such as Tarim basin) in China, wind and sand frequently occur and harm is serious. Particularly in spring, the ground is exposed, sand wind occurs more frequently, and at the moment, in the one-year sowing season, the phenomena that agricultural facilities and seed seedlings are blown away or buried by sand often occur, so that serious loss is caused to agricultural production.

The prior sand prevention and fixation at the front edge of a desert generally depends on a traditional peripheral trunk protection forest, but in early spring, the protection forest does not grow leaves, the ground does not turn green, and the sand fixation effect of the protection forest is weakest at the moment. In the face of the wind and sand hazard at the front edge of the desert, a physical and mechanical mode is generally adopted to prevent the wind and sand from invading at present, but certain economic investment is required, regular maintenance and reconstruction are also required, and meanwhile, no ecological and economic benefits are generated. Therefore, a pioneer plant which is drought-resistant, sand-resistant and buried and can generate certain economic benefits is found, and a new ecological sand prevention and fixation technical method is established, so that the method has important significance for agricultural production in arid regions and protection forest construction.

The cyperus esculentus is also called cyperus esculentus and has the reputation of all-round nuts and life fruits. The underground rhizome is a high-quality small nut, is rich in nutrition and high in oil content, and can be used as an oil crop; the leaf crude protein and other nutrient components are high in content and strong in palatability, and the feed is high-quality feed. The fertilizer is native to arid desert areas of northern Africa and Mediterranean sea, so that the fertilizer has the characteristics of vigorous growth, strong tillering capacity, high yield, drought resistance, barren resistance and the like. The sweetened bean paste has the more remarkable characteristic that the root system and underground rhizome of the sweetened bean paste can form a net structure and has strong sand fixing function; meanwhile, the overground stem is flexible and elastic, and has excellent anti-weathering effect. Therefore, the oil sand beans are very suitable for being planted as sand-fixing plants on the front edge of the desert, the desert and the desert slope.

Based on the characteristics, the oil sand beans can be used as good sand-fixing pioneer plants and economic crops, and a set of suitable technical methods needs to be established. According to the invention, a new sand prevention and fixation mode of semi-natural updating and grazing is established in the front edge area of the desert of the Tarim basin by means of artificial assistance, and ecological and economic benefits are taken into consideration.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the method comprises the circulation of a plurality of steps of sowing, irrigating, mowing, harvesting-free, seed reserving and grazing, and achieves the aim of sowing the oil sand beans for many years at a time. The method fully utilizes the biological characteristics of drought resistance, sand burying resistance and strong sand fixing capability of the garden balsam beans, utilizes the fact that root systems and underground rhizome of the garden balsam beans can form a net structure, adopts the measures of no harvesting and no tillage, avoids the occurrence of bare land in the field in spring, and realizes the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation; through scientific configuration, planting and management, a novel ecological sand prevention and fixation mode at the periphery of the oasis is constructed. The invention has important significance for improving the ecological environment, promoting the income increase of farmers and realizing the sustainable development of ecological engineering construction, and provides a new way for solving the problem of serious wind and sand damage at the front edge of desert in extremely arid regions in spring.

The invention relates to a sand prevention and fixation method for semi-natural updating and grazing of sweetened bean paste, which comprises the following steps:

a. paving a drip irrigation zone in a front-edge area of a desert, selecting full and uniform-sized oil sand bean seeds, sowing within 5-20-6-10 days, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the depth is 5cm, firstly, dry sowing the seeds, irrigating through the drip irrigation zone after sowing is finished, and keeping the soil with the depth of 10cm on the surface layer moist until seedlings emerge;

b. after seedling emergence, observing the growth condition of the sweetened bean, and carrying out drip irrigation when the leaves of the sweetened bean wither at noon occurs, wherein the irrigation amount is based on the standard that the water penetrates the soil to a depth of 20 cm;

c. harvesting overground stem leaves of the oil sand beans by a mower in the period of 20-30 days after 7 months when the oil sand beans grow most vigorously, and packing and airing or ensiling the harvested stem leaves as feed by leaving 10cm of stubbles close to the surface of the earth;

d. when the leaf tips of the oil sand beans are observed to turn yellow after 5 days in 9 months to 20 days in 9 months, stopping supplying water, and then not watering until the next spring, so as to ensure that the soil in the whole field in winter is in a completely dry state;

e. keeping the plants, roots and tubers of the garden balsam beans dry and completely remaining in the soil without any field harvesting;

f. after beginning spring 3 months in the next year, grazing the oil sand bean land, and allowing livestock to gnaw the overground part of stems and leaves of the oil sand bean;

g. stopping grazing when the ground temperature rises again to meet the requirement of the oil sand bean germination from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, laying a drip irrigation tape pipeline in the field, starting drip irrigation, and repeating the steps c, d and e, wherein the irrigation water amount is based on 20cm deep wet penetration of the soil surface layer;

h. repeating the mode of the previous year every year after the third year, realizing the cycle of grazing, irrigating, seedling emergence, mowing, harvest-free and grazing, forming one-time sowing and seed reservation for many years, and naturally seedling emergence for many years after the irrigation, thereby ensuring the continuous natural update of the oil sand beans in the field.

According to the sand prevention and fixation method combining semi-natural updating with grazing of the oil sand beans, the limitation of overwintering of the oil sand beans is broken through by controlling irrigation and water cut-off time and keeping soil dry, the situation that the seeds which are not harvested and reserved are overwintering smoothly is ensured, and natural updating of the oil sand beans in the field is realized; the method is suitable for farming areas with frequent occurrence of wind sand at the front edge of desert in extremely arid regions or at the front edge of oasis, is based on the ecological physiological characteristics of the oil sand beans, breaks through the limitation of overwintering of field seeds, realizes self-renewal of the oil sand bean fields, is simple and feasible, has low investment cost, combines the cutting and grazing, gives consideration to the ecological and economic benefits, provides a new technology for wind prevention and sand fixation at the front edge of desert in extremely arid regions, and provides a new way for increasing the income of local farmers.

The invention relates to a sand prevention and fixation method combining semi-natural updating and grazing of sweetened bean paste, which has the following principle: firstly, the method realizes the renewal cycle of benefiting for years by sowing the oil sweetened bean once by applying manual intervention measures; harvesting is avoided, so that the emergence of bare land in early spring is avoided, the sand fixing effect of leaves and root systems of the sweetened bean paste is exerted, the sand storm hazard in spring is reduced, and the cost of seeds and farming and sowing is reduced; thirdly, measures of cutting in summer and grazing in spring are combined, the characteristics of rich nutrition and strong palatability of the leaves of the sweetened bean paste are fully utilized, the problem of feed shortage existing for a long time is relieved, and certain economic benefit is realized.

The sand prevention and fixation method combining semi-natural updating and grazing of the sweetened bean paste disclosed by the invention has the advantages that a novel technical means with strong operability is provided through practical inspection, the problem of wind and sand damage in early spring is effectively solved, the popularization value is great, and the technical progress is revealed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

Example 1

The method comprises the following steps of integrating a demonstration project of wind prevention and sand fixation and a mode of oil sand beans in a typical desertification land;

in 2020-2021, 200 mu of oil sand bean grazing demonstration land is planted at the edge of a desert by using the method at the front edge of the east and north edge desert of Takara Ma dry desert, hara Yu Xiang die forest fruit industry agricultural cooperative society of Kuerle City, gurlemony ancient autonomous State, and the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:

a. paving a drip irrigation belt in a front-edge area of a desert, selecting full and uniform-sized oil sand beans, avoiding the sowing period of main crops, starting sowing from 21 days in 5 months to 27 days in 5 months in 2020, sowing the seeds, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the depth is 5cm, firstly, the seeds are sowed in a dry mode, and after the sowing is finished, the irrigation is carried out through the drip irrigation belt, so that the sand and the water retention capacity is poor, the hardening is not worried about, and the soil with the depth of 10cm on the surface layer is kept moist until the seedling emerges;

b. after seedling emergence, observing the growth condition of the oil sand beans, and beginning drip irrigation when the leaves of the oil sand beans wither at noon, wherein the irrigation amount is based on the standard that the water penetrates the soil to a depth of 20cm, the irrigation mode is kept, and other field management measures are not applied during the irrigation mode;

c. in the period of 20-30 days of 7 months in 2020, harvesting ground stem leaves of the cyperus rotundus by using a mower with 10cm of stubble near the surface, harvesting 1000 kg of fresh grass per mu, and packaging, airing or storing the grass in green as a feed;

d. after 9, 5 days in 2020, 9 and 10 days, observing the growth condition of the sweetened bean paste every day, and when the leaf tips are observed to be yellow, filling water for the last time in 9 and 10 days, and stopping supplying water until the spring of the next year does not fill water, so that the soil in the whole field in winter is ensured to be in a completely dry state;

e. keeping the plants, roots and tubers of the garden balsam beans dry and completely remaining in the soil without any field harvesting;

f. after beginning to spring in 3 months in 2021, the sand storm hazard becomes aggravated, 100 sheep are grazed in the oil sand field, and the sheep are allowed to gnaw the overground part stems and leaves of the oil sand;

g. stopping grazing when the ground temperature rises again to meet the requirement of the oil sand bean germination from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months in 2021, laying a drip irrigation tape pipeline in the field, starting drip irrigation, and keeping the soil with the depth of 10cm on the surface layer moist until seedlings emerge; observing the growth condition of the sweetened bean after seedling emergence, and performing drip irrigation when the leaves of the sweetened bean wither at noon occurs, wherein the irrigation amount is based on the standard that the water penetrates into soil to a depth of 20 cm;

during 20-30 days in 7 months in 2021, harvesting fresh grass by a mower with 10cm of stubble near the surface of the ground, harvesting 1000 kg of fresh grass per mu, packaging, airing or storing the grass as feed, and performing no management measures in the field except irrigation;

when the blade tips are observed to turn yellow in 9, 15 days in 2021, water supply is stopped, and water is not filled in the spring of the next year, so that the soil in the whole winter is in a completely dry state, and no field work is performed;

h. repeating the mode of the previous year every year after the third year, realizing the cycle of grazing, irrigation, seedling emergence, mowing, harvest-free, grazing and the like, forming one-time sowing for many years for seed reservation, and naturally seedling emergence for many years after irrigation to ensure the continuous natural updating of the oil sand beans in the field.

Compared with a cotton field bare land which is seeded at the bottom of 4 months nearby, the method for preventing and fixing sand by combining semi-natural updating and grazing of the sweetened bean paste reduces the wind erosion on the ground surface by more than 50 percent and has obvious protection benefit. The seedling emergence condition of the oil red beans is investigated at the bottom of 5 months in 2021, the seedling emergence density is equivalent to 2020 years, but the seedling distribution is not uniform distribution during sowing but distributed along the clusters of a drip irrigation belt, the characteristic of naturally updating plants is shown, one-time sowing is realized, and the benefit is realized for many years. The method of the invention generates remarkable sand prevention and fixation benefits in the area, and simultaneously generates 1500 yuan per mu of economic benefits, thereby arousing high importance of local farmers and governments and showing huge application and popularization prospects.

Claims (1)

1. A sand prevention and sand fixation method combining semi-natural updating and grazing of sweetened bean paste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. paving a drip irrigation zone in a front-edge area of a desert, selecting full and uniform-sized oil sand bean seeds, sowing within 5-20-6-10 days, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the depth is 5cm, firstly, dry sowing the seeds, irrigating through the drip irrigation zone after sowing is finished, and keeping the soil with the depth of 10cm on the surface layer moist until seedlings emerge;

b. observing the growth condition of the sweetened bean after seedling emergence, and performing drip irrigation when the leaves of the sweetened bean wither at noon occurs, wherein the irrigation amount is based on the standard that the water penetrates into soil to a depth of 20 cm;

c. harvesting overground stem leaves of the oil sand beans by a mower in the period of 20-30 days after 7 months when the oil sand beans grow most vigorously, and packing and airing or ensiling the harvested stem leaves as feed by leaving 10cm of stubbles close to the surface of the earth;

d. when the leaf tips of the oil red beans start to yellow after 5 days in 9 months to 20 days in 9 months, stopping water supply, and not watering until the next spring, so as to ensure that the soil in the whole field is in a completely dry state in winter;

e. keeping the plants, root systems and tubers of the oil sand beans dry, completely remaining in soil, and not carrying out any field harvesting;

f. after beginning spring 3 months in the next year, grazing the oil red bean land, and allowing livestock to gnaw the overground part stems and leaves of the oil red bean;

g. stopping grazing when the ground temperature rises again to meet the germination requirement of the oil red beans from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, laying a drip irrigation tape pipeline in the field, starting drip irrigation, and repeating the steps c, d and e, wherein the irrigation water amount is based on 20cm deep penetration of the soil surface layer;

h. repeating the mode of the previous year every year after the third year, realizing the cycle of grazing, irrigating, seedling emergence, mowing, harvest-free and grazing, forming one-time sowing and seed reservation for many years, and naturally seedling emergence for many years after the irrigation, thereby ensuring the continuous natural update of the oil sand beans in the field.