CN114381273A

CN114381273A - Soil improvement liquid and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114381273A
Application number: CN202111591557.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 滕明佳; 王腾
Original assignee: Yingshan Zhida Energy Ecological Environmental Protection Research Institute
Current assignee: Yingshan Zhida Energy Ecological Environmental Protection Research Institute
Priority date: 2021-12-23
Filing date: 2021-12-23
Publication date: 2022-04-22

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a soil improvement liquid and application thereof. The invention provides a soil improvement liquid which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 30-40% of soil enzyme activator, 10-20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5-10% of fulvic acid potassium and 3-6% of biological compound microbial inoculum. The soil improvement solution provided by the invention can adjust the pH value of soil and improve the content of organic matters, thereby effectively reducing soil acidification and hardening; and it can increase the species and content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil; meanwhile, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as root knot nematode disease or root rot disease and the like in fruit trees or vegetables can be obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the soil improvement liquid can promote the growth, the flowering and the fruit setting of roots and leaves of fruit trees or vegetables, and effectively improve the yield and the quality of the fruit trees or vegetables.

Description

Soil improvement liquid and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a soil improvement liquid and application thereof.

Background

Soil is the growth substrate on which crops live, and soil quality is a key factor affecting crop yield and quality. In the planting of vegetables and fruit trees, due to the use of cultivation facilities such as greenhouses, mulching films, ground mats and the like, chemical fertilizers are used in large quantities for a long time, so that the soil has poor granular structure, hardening, no loosening, acidification, reduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and abrupt reduction and even abstinence of the number of earthworms, thereby causing weak water-permeable, air-permeable, fertilizer-retaining capacity of the soil, poor growth of crop roots and weak nutrient absorption capacity; meanwhile, soil diseases, particularly root knot nematode diseases, occur seriously, so that poor growth of vegetables or fruit trees is caused, and the yield and the quality are seriously influenced.

In recent years, in order to improve the fertility of soil, the prior art mostly improves the quality of soil by applying a soil conditioner, and the types of the soil conditioner are various, however, the prior soil conditioner has single function and unobvious effect, and cannot achieve the technical effects of improving the soil and improving the yield and quality of crops at the same time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil improvement liquid and application thereof, and the soil improvement liquid provided by the invention can improve the soil property, reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and improve the yield and quality of crops.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a soil improvement liquid which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 30-40% of soil enzyme activator, 10-20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5-10% of fulvic acid potassium and 3-6% of biological compound microbial inoculum.

Preferably, the soil improvement liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of compound nutrient solution biogas slurry, 30% of soil enzyme activator, 20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5% of potassium fulvate and 5% of biological compound microbial inoculum.

Preferably, the biological compound bacteria agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus brevis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus brevis to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2-4: 0.8-1.2: 2-4: 1.5-2.5.

Preferably, the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution preferably comprises 70-80% of biogas slurry, 9-19% of liquid ammonium phosphate, 3-8% of urea, 1-5% of potassium sulfate, 1-5% of biological bacteria and 0.05-0.2% of compound sodium nitrophenolate.

The invention also provides the application of the soil improvement liquid in the technical scheme in soil improvement.

Preferably, the soil improvement comprises improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, reducing soil-borne diseases of the soil or increasing the species and content of microorganisms in the soil.

The invention also provides application of the soil improvement liquid in the technical scheme in improving the yield and/or quality of crops.

Preferably, the crop comprises a fruit tree or a vegetable.

Preferably, the fruit tree comprises citrus; the vegetable includes cucumber, tomato or eggplant.

Has the advantages that:

The soil improvement solution provided by the invention can adjust the pH value of soil and improve the content of organic matters, thereby effectively reducing soil acidification and hardening; and it can increase the species and content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil; meanwhile, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as root knot nematode disease or root rot disease and the like in fruit trees or vegetables can be obviously reduced.

Meanwhile, the soil improvement liquid can promote the growth, the flowering and the fruit setting of roots and leaves of fruit trees or vegetables, and effectively improve the yield and the quality of the fruit trees or vegetables.

In addition, the application of the soil improvement liquid provided by the invention can greatly reduce the application types and application amounts of fertilizers in the whole growth period of fruit trees or vegetables.

In addition, the soil improvement liquid of the invention is more convenient to apply than the conventional solid soil improvement agent, and has the advantages of less dosage and low cost.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a soil improvement liquid which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 30-40% of soil enzyme activator, 10-20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5-10% of fulvic acid potassium and 5% of biological compound microbial inoculum.

The soil improvement liquid provided by the invention comprises 30-40% of composite nutrient liquid biogas slurry by mass percentage, preferably 35-40%, more preferably 40%. In the invention, the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution preferably comprises 70-80% of biogas slurry, 9-19% of liquid ammonium phosphate, 3-8% of urea, 1-5% of potassium sulfate, 1-5% of biological bacteria and 0.05-0.2% of compound sodium nitrophenolate.

The biogas slurry composite nutrient solution provided by the invention preferably comprises 70-80% of biogas slurry, and more preferably 75% of biogas slurry. In the invention, the biogas slurry is preferably residual liquid obtained by filtering fermented raw materials; the fermentation raw material preferably comprises excrement, straw or grass, and more preferably the excrement; the manure is preferably cow manure, pig manure or chicken manure. In the present invention, the fermentation time is preferably 30 to 60 days, and more preferably 50 days. In the present invention, the size of the filtration mesh is preferably 200 to 250 mesh, and more preferably 230 mesh. The specific operation of the fermentation is not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional fermentation operation in the field can be adopted.

The biogas slurry composite nutrient solution provided by the invention preferably comprises 9-19% of liquid ammonium phosphate by mass percentage, and more preferably 14% of liquid ammonium phosphate by mass percentage. In the present invention, the liquid ammonium phosphate preferably comprises 11% N, 37% P₂O₅More preferably liquid ammonium phosphate produced by Town chemical Co., Ltd.

The biogas slurry composite nutrient solution provided by the invention preferably comprises 3-8% of urea by mass percentage, and more preferably 5%.

The biogas slurry composite nutrient solution provided by the invention preferably comprises 1-5% of potassium sulfate by mass percentage, and more preferably 3%.

The biogas slurry composite nutrient solution provided by the invention preferably comprises 1-5% of biological bacteria by mass percentage, and more preferably 3%. In the present invention, the biological bacteria are preferably obtained by compounding bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis, and more preferably are "carbon source" microbial agents produced by Shandong Pasteur bioengineering Co.

The biogas slurry composite nutrient solution provided by the invention preferably comprises 0.05-0.2% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, and more preferably 0.1% of compound sodium nitrophenolate.

In the invention, the preparation method of the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution preferably comprises the steps of respectively adding liquid ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium sulfate, biological bacteria and compound sodium nitrophenolate into biogas slurry, and stirring to obtain the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution.

In the invention, the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution is preferably clear biogas slurry; the clear biogas slurry is preferably prepared by filtering biogas slurry fermented by a large biogas project of a pig farm of the professional cooperative of iron top pig breeding in Yingshan county through a screen. In the present invention, the mesh size of the screen is preferably 60 mesh. In the invention, N, P, K and other nutrients in the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution are more comprehensive, the growth and development requirements of crops can be met, and the yield and quality of the crops are ensured.

The soil improvement liquid provided by the invention comprises 30-40% of soil enzyme activator by mass percentage, preferably 35-40%, and more preferably 40%. In the invention, the soil enzyme activator can replace the conventional organic fertilizer, improve the soil breeding, supplying, purifying and detoxifying capacities, improve the immunity of soil and crops, particularly has an obvious control effect on root knot nematode diseases, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and pesticides, and improves the quality and yield of the crops. The source of the soil enzyme activator is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any commercially available product that is conventional in the art may be used.

The soil improvement liquid provided by the invention comprises 10-20% of bio-oligosaccharide polymerization agent, preferably 15-20%, more preferably 20% by mass. In the invention, the biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent can rapidly and powerfully kill various soil-borne disease bacteria of crops and has long-term continuous antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects; besides the bactericidal effect, the bio-oligosaccharide polymerization agent can provide nutrition for bacteria in the biological compound bacteria agent in the soil improvement solution, so that the effect of improving soil is achieved. In the invention, the biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent is preferably from Shanghai Yu Biotech development Co., Ltd, with product batch number of 202031556; the biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent takes marine biological polysaccharide products as effective components, and is a more efficient green environment-friendly crop soil-borne disease antibacterial and bacteriostatic biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent formed by compounding similar substances and multiple substances with the same characteristics, so that the crop soil-borne disease bacteria are not easy to generate drug resistance based on a sterilization mechanism of synchronous physical and chemical actions.

The soil conditioner provided by the invention comprises 5-10% of potassium fulvate by mass percentage, preferably 5-8%, more preferably 5%. In the invention, the potassium fulvate can change the granular structure of soil and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and has the main function of being effectively combined with the biological compound microbial inoculum to provide nutrient substances for bacteria in the biological compound microbial inoculum so as to improve the soil improvement effect. The source of the potassium fulvate is not particularly limited in the invention, and the potassium fulvate is prepared from the conventional commercial products in the field, for example, the potassium fulvate adopted in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Bifen-Xin-Hu-Su-Hu acid Co.

The soil conditioner provided by the invention comprises 3-6% of biological compound bacteria by mass percentage. In the present invention, the content of the biological complex microbial inoculum is preferably 3.5% to 5.5%, and more preferably 4%. In the invention, the biological compound bacteria agent preferably comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus laterosporus to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably 2-4: 0.8-1.2: 2-4: 1.5-2.5, and more preferably 4:1:3: 2. In the invention, the bacillus subtilis has the functions of improving the stress resistance and nitrogen fixation of crops, and has the functions of adsorbing phenanthrene and benzopyrene in soil and performing biodegradation; the bacillus megaterium has a phosphate solubilizing effect; the brevibacillus laterosporus has the effects of promoting the growth of crop roots, reducing diseases, reducing pesticide residues, improving loose soil and improving the utilization rate of fertilizers; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens has the function of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. In the invention, the number of effective live bacteria in the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g. In the invention, the bacteria in the biological compound microbial inoculum are all beneficial bacteria for crops, the 4 bacteria have mutual synergistic action after being compounded according to the proportion, and have the functions of dissolving phosphorus and potassium and improving the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer after being applied to soil.

In the invention, the substances in the soil improvement liquid are combined and interact with each other, so that the improvement effect of the soil can be enhanced, for example, the biogas liquid can improve the soil quality and provide necessary nutrient substances for the growth of crops; the soil enzyme activator, the biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent and the fulvic acid can provide organic matters for soil to achieve the effect of improving the soil, can also provide nutrient substances for rapid propagation of the biological compound fungicide in the soil to achieve the effect of mutual promotion, and further has the technical effect of synergistic interaction, so that the soil improvement solution disclosed by the invention can improve the soil and also can provide a comprehensive effect of nutrition for crop growth, and the contradiction between crop production and soil improvement is solved.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil improvement liquid, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, the biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, the soil enzyme activator, the potassium fulvate and the biological compound microbial inoculum according to a proportion to obtain the soil improvement solution.

In the present invention, after the components are mixed, the present invention also preferably stirs the resulting mixed components. The concrete operation of stirring is not particularly limited, and all the components are uniformly stirred by adopting a conventional stirring mode in the field.

The invention also provides the application of the soil improvement liquid in the technical scheme in soil improvement. In the invention, the soil improvement solution can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, reduce soil-borne diseases of the soil or increase the types and contents of microorganisms in the soil, thereby achieving the effect of improving the soil.

The invention also provides application of the soil improvement liquid in the technical scheme in improving the yield and/or quality of crops. In the present invention, the crops include fruit trees or vegetables; the fruit trees comprise citrus; the vegetable includes cucumber, tomato or eggplant.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The soil improvement liquid comprises 40% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 30% of soil enzyme activator, 20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5% of potassium fulvate and 5% of biological compound microbial inoculum, wherein the biological compound microbial inoculum contains 40% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium, 30% of bacillus laterosporus and 20% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

The specific preparation dosage is as follows: and (2) respectively taking 400g of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 200g of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 300g of soil enzyme activator, 50g of potassium fulvate and 50g of biological compound microbial inoculum from 1000g of soil improvement solution, and uniformly stirring.

400g of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution contains 320g of biogas slurry, 36g of liquid ammonium phosphate, 16g of urea, 12g of potassium sulfate, 12g of biological bacteria and 4g of compound sodium nitrophenolate.

Example 2

The soil improvement liquid comprises 30% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 40% of soil enzyme activator, 15% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 10% of potassium fulvate and 5% of biological compound microbial inoculum, wherein the biological compound microbial inoculum contains 35% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium, 30% of bacillus laterosporus and 25% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

The specific preparation dosage is as follows: and (2) respectively taking 1000g of soil improvement solution, 300g of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 150g of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 400g of soil enzyme activator, 100g of potassium fulvate and 50g of biological compound microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring.

The formula of the biogas slurry composite nutrient solution is the same as that in example 1.

Example 3

The soil improvement liquid comprises 35% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 40% of soil enzyme activator, 10% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 10% of potassium fulvate and 5% of biological compound microbial inoculum, wherein the biological compound microbial inoculum contains 40% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus megaterium, 25% of bacillus laterosporus and 25% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

The specific preparation dosage is as follows: and (2) taking 1000g of soil improvement solution, namely 350g of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 100g of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 400g of soil enzyme activator, 100g of potassium fulvate and 50g of biological compound microbial inoculum respectively, and uniformly stirring.

Comparative example 1

Special composite water flush fertilizer N + P for Stahly cucumber₂O₅+K₂O≥45％。

Comparative example 2

Special chemical compound fertilizer N + P for oranges produced by Hubei Xinyang rich fertilizer industry limited company₂O₅+K₂O is 16-13-16.

Application example 1

And selecting the same land, the same variety, the same fertilizer of the same manufacturer, the same fertilizing method and level, the same planting management level and the same sampling investigation method for experimental research.

Selecting a greenhouse planting field with the area of 1200 square meters, dividing into three greenhouses (three biological repetition), wherein each greenhouse is 350 square meters, the planted vegetables are spring cucumbers, the variety Jinyou No. 2, No. 2 and No. 7 sowing, the field planting is carried out for 15 days in 3 months, the row spacing is large 70cm, the row spacing is small 60cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, 1600 field planting is carried out in each greenhouse, the soil improvement solution (or fertilizer) in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 1 is respectively applied after four treatments, each treatment is carried out for 400 plants, and 26 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer (N + P special for Strigy cucumbers) is uniformly applied to each greenhouse before the field planting₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 45 percent), and the cucumber base fertilizer can be deeply turned over and used once.

Covering a mulching film during field planting of the cucumbers, and after seedlings survive, applying the soil improvement liquid of the examples 1-3 or the fertilizer of the comparative example 1 to the cucumbers.

The impact frequency is: the seedling stage, the vine stage, the first melon stage and the initial harvest stage are applied once respectively, and the full fruit stage is applied 2 times every 7 days.

The dosage is as follows: the soil improvement liquid in the examples 1-3 is applied by mixing 1.8 kg of water and 30 kg of water for each treatment, and the fertilizer in the comparative example 1 is applied by mixing 4 kg of compound fertilizer and 30 kg of water for each treatment.

The specific flushing method comprises the following steps: in examples 1 to 3, 1.8 kg of soil improvement solution was mixed with 30 kg of water for each treatment, and the mixture was stirred uniformly and 75 g was applied to each plant; comparative example 1 for each treatment 4 kg of compound fertilizer was mixed with 30 kg of water and stirred evenly, 75 g was applied to each plant.

The cucumber field management was operated as normal management, as follows:

temperature and humidity management: the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 16-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be below 85%;

water content management: watering the seedlings for one time after planting, watering the seedlings for the second time when the cucumbers grow to 12 leaves, and adjusting the watering interval period according to the growth vigor, weather and other factors in the cucumber bearing period;

building and leading vines: removing tendrils, male flowers, binding tendrils, dropping tendrils, picking leaves, harvesting in time and the like;

and (3) comprehensive pest control: the method adopts physical, biological nutrition and ecological prevention and control, and mainly takes biological pesticide and low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide when the pesticide is used.

Application example 2

Selecting adult citrus trees bearing fruits for three years, wherein the variety is late-maturing citrus spring meeting, the area is 2001 square meters, the citrus trees are planted in deep furrows and ridges, the surfaces of the citrus spring meeting trees are covered with LS ground cloth, the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4m, the total number of the citrus spring meeting trees is 180, the citrus spring meeting trees are divided into four treatments, and then the soil improvement solution (or fertilizer) in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 2 is applied respectively, and each treatment is repeated three times biologically, (the area is 180 square meters).

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: hole application (base fertilizer) and water application.

Hole-applying special chemical compound fertilizer (N + P) for citrus to each tree after fruit picking₂O₅+K₂O is 16-13-16) (produced by Hubei Xinyang Fengfeng Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) 500 g.

The soil improvement liquid of examples 1-3 or the fertilizer of comparative example 2 is applied to each tree in the germination stage and the fruit-strengthening stage respectively.

The dosage is as follows: the soil improvement liquid in the germination period examples 1-3 is 2500 g of water added 10 kg for each plant, and the fertilizer in the comparative example 2 is 1500 g of water added 10 kg for each plant; in the fruit-strengthening period, 2000 g of the improved liquid is added with 10 kg of water for each treated tree, and the fertilizer in the comparative example 2 is 2000 g of compound fertilizer applied by flushing each tree and 10 kg of water is added.

The flushing method comprises the following steps: and (3) adding water into the soil improvement solution in the examples 1-3 or the compound fertilizer in the comparative example 2, uniformly stirring, and then digging holes and ditches along the tree crown for flushing application.

The field management in spring is operated according to normal management, irrigation is carried out when soil is dry, drainage is carried out when water is accumulated, and the effects of shaping and pruning and prevention and treatment of vegetables, fruits and diseases are achieved.

Test example 1

According to the result of the second soil general survey in China, the test plot soil belongs to the purple soil of the tunnel group. The method, the steps and the time for sampling the soil of the test plot execute the technical regulation of the second soil general survey in China. The soil samples described below were taken after the production of citrus fruits or cucumbers, i.e., after the harvest of citrus fruits, and after the whole production time of cucumbers.

The soil of the cucumber test plot is red sand large soil, the plough layer is medium soil, the soil is sticky, heavy, thick, fertile and moist in characteristics, and the curing degree is high.

The citrus spring test plot soil is red stone bone sand soil, the plough layer is sand soil, the soil is thick, thin and dry, and the curing degree is low.

(soil sampling five-point sampling, depth 0 ~ 20 cm)

1. Soil physical and chemical property test analysis

The soil physicochemical properties of the soil applied in examples 1 to 3 or comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured by a soil fertilizer nutrient detector (intelligent science and technology limited, Shandong Laiende) according to the instructions, wherein the sampling time of cucumber soil was 6 months and 15 days in 2021 years after cucumber harvesting, and the sampling time of orange spring was 2 months and 10 days in 2021 years after orange harvesting. The detection results are shown in tables 1 and 2, wherein the test data of each treatment in the examples and comparative examples in tables 1-2 are average values of three biological replicates of each treatment, and the other tables have the same reason and are not repeated.

Table 1 shows the physicochemical properties of the soil after applying the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 to cucumber

TABLE 2 Citrus spring shows the physicochemical properties of the soil after application of the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative example 2

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the contents of organic matters and inorganic elements in the soil after the soil improvement liquid provided by the invention is applied are effectively increased, the acidity of pH is remarkably reduced, the porosity of the soil is increased, and the hardening and acidification conditions of the soil are effectively improved.

2. Detection and analysis of beneficial microorganisms in soil

And measuring the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil by adopting a plate colony counting method.

The sampling time of the cucumber soil is 6 months and 15 days after the cucumber is harvested in 2021 years, and the sampling time of the citrus spring is 2 months and 10 days after the citrus is harvested in 2021 years. The results are shown in tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 3 soil-beneficial microorganisms after cucumber application of fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1

TABLE 4 soil-beneficial microorganisms after spring application of fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative example 2 to citrus

As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the number of beneficial microorganisms in each soil and the number of earthworms per unit area after the soil improvement liquid provided by the present invention is applied are significantly increased compared to those after the conventional fertilizer for crops is applied.

3. Investigation of crop soil-borne diseases

The soil-borne diseases occurred in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were investigated and recorded in the growing seasons of cucumber and citrus, respectively, wherein

Cucumber root knot nematode disease: the investigation time is 2021 year, 7 months and 15 days, and the disease stage is full. Symptoms are: the root, the fibrous root and the lateral root of the cucumber are damaged to form a beading tumor-shaped object, also called as a root knot, so that the whole root is swollen, rough and irregular. The overground part is hindered in growth and development, the symptoms of mild people are not obvious, the growth of severe people is slow, the plants are short and small, the fertility is poor, and the melon is few and small.

Cucumber damping off: the investigation time is 4 months and 10 days, and the disease onset is in the full period. Symptoms are: the stem base of the damaged cucumber seedling generates an oval dark brown disease spot with ring lines, the early disease seedling wilts in the day, recovers at night, the disease spot is gradually sunk, and finally dies due to dryness.

Cucumber fusarium wilt: the investigation time is 5 months and 25 days, and the disease onset is in the full period. Symptoms are: the stem and leaf of cucumber will droop in midday, become water-deficient, gradually curl, and the leaf will not recover to normal after several days, and will extend from the leaf near the ground to the top of the whole plant, and finally die.

Cucumber epidemic disease: the investigation time is 4 months and 28 days, and the disease onset period is full. Symptoms are: the disease of the basal part and the tender stem section of the cucumber stem begins to be dark green water stain-like spots, then the cucumber stem becomes soft and is obviously contracted, and leaves above the disease part wither and die, but are still green; the vascular bundle is not discolored, which is different from blight. The incidence of the leaf mostly starts from the leaf edge or the leaf tip, dark green round or irregular water stain-shaped large disease spots are generated, the edge is not obvious, the hidden ring veins exist, the whole leaf is rotten when being wet, and the leaf sags when extending to the leaf stem. When the melon seeds are infected with diseases, the disease spots are water-stain-shaped dark green, are gradually contracted, and quickly decay when being wet to generate fishy smell.

Citrus foot rot: the investigation time is 5 months and 12 days, and the disease onset is in the full period. Symptoms are: occurs at the base of the citrus trunk, causing the cortex to decay. The bark of the diseased part is in water stain state at the initial stage, has vinasse smell, turns brown and often bleeds brown glue solution. The diseased part extends down to the root cluster, generally up to no more than 30cm above the ground, and the lateral extension causes girdling, ultimately leading to plant death.

Citrus root knot nematode disease: the investigation time is 9 months and 10 days, and the disease onset is in the full period. Symptoms are: nodules with different sizes are formed on the citrus roots, and in severe cases, fibrous root clusters with nodules are formed on the roots, and the roots are necrotic. The aerial parts of the diseased plants have no obvious symptoms at the initial stage, and the crowns show short and weak branches, yellowing and falling of leaves and even withering and death of small branches along with the aggravation of the disease.

Citrus root rot: the investigation time is 10 months and 10 days, and the disease onset is in the full period. Symptoms are: the root of the underground is rotten, and when the ground is serious, the leaves become small, yellow and fall off, the branches are dry, the tree vigor is obviously weak, the flowers are early, the fruit setting rate is low, and the quality is poor.

Wherein, the cucumber is randomly investigated for 5 plants at each point according to a checkerboard sampling method, and the total number of the cucumber is 100; the citrus was randomly investigated for 20 plants per spot by five-spot sampling method for a total of 100 plants. The results are shown in tables 5 and 6.

TABLE 5 soil-borne diseases in cucumber plants after application of fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1

Species of soil-borne diseases	Comparative example 1 (strain)	Example 1 (strain)	Example 2 (strain)	Example 3 (strain)
					Root knot nematode disease of cucumber	26.3	0.9	1.1	1.2
Cucumber damping off	27.1	0	0	0
					Cucumber fusarium wilt	13.6	0	0	0
Epidemic disease of cucumber	21.2	0	0	0

TABLE 6 soil-borne diseases of citrus after spring application of fertilizers according to examples 1-3 and comparative example 2

Species of soil-borne diseases	Comparative example 2 (strain)	Example 1 (strain)	Example 2 (strain)	Example 3 (strain)
					Foot rot of citrus	17.6	0.9	1.2	1.1
Root knot nematode disease of citrus	23.3	0	0	0
					Root rot of citrus	14.2	0	0	0

As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, the soil improvement liquid provided by the present invention is effective in reducing the types of soil-borne diseases occurring in cucumbers and oranges and the number of cucumbers and oranges having diseases, when compared with the case where conventional fertilizers for crops are applied.

4. Chemical fertilizer dosage investigation

Investigating the dosage and species of other fertilizers in the whole growth period of cucumbers and spring.

TABLE 7 table of fertilizer usage for citrus spring crop in test plot

TABLE 8 chemical fertilizer dosage table for cucumber in test plot

As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, the total amount of fertilizer applied and the types of fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth period of cucumbers and oranges can be greatly reduced after the soil improvement liquid provided by the present invention is applied.

5. Observation and record of crop growth and yield

Root growth conditions, leaf growth, flowering, fruit setting, yield and product quality of the cucumbers and the oranges applied with the fertilizers in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 in spring are respectively observed, and root growth conditions, leaf growth, flowering and fruit setting conditions of the cucumbers are respectively investigated once at the flowering beginning of the cucumbers and the full production period of the cucumbers, namely 4 months, 5 days and 5 months, 6 days; the citrus spring notes are respectively investigated once in the initial flowering stage and after fruit setting of the citrus, namely 5 months and 15 days, and 6 months and 17 days.

Sampling cucumbers and oranges at five points, wherein 2 cucumbers are randomly sampled at each point, and 10 cucumbers are sampled at each point; 1 strain of each point of the citrus and 5 strains in total; calculating the cucumber yield and the orange yield according to plants; the sensory quality comprises three grades (good, normal and poor) of shape, color, size, defect and the like; the nutritional quality was mainly soluble solids (sugar) and measured by an LB50T type sweetness measuring apparatus (manufactured by Guangzhou Narui electronic technologies Co., Ltd.) according to the instructions.

In the comparative example, cucumber corresponds to the data after the fertilizer of comparative example 1 is applied, and citrus spring corresponds to the data after the fertilizer of comparative example 2 is applied.

TABLE 9 root growth after application of the fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 to cucumber and orange

TABLE 10 growth of leaves, flowers and fruit set after application of the fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 to cucumber and citrus

TABLE 11 yield and quality of cucumber and citrus after application of the fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2

As can be seen from tables 9, 10 and 11, the soil improvement liquid provided by the present invention can promote the growth, flowering and fruit setting of root systems and leaves of cucumbers and oranges compared with the conventional fertilizer special for crops, thereby effectively improving the yield and quality of cucumbers and oranges.

The soil improvement liquid provided by the invention can adjust the pH value of soil and improve the content of organic matters, and effectively reduces soil acidification and hardening; and it can increase the species and content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil; meanwhile, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as root knot nematode disease or root rot disease and the like in fruit trees or vegetables can be obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the growth, the flowering and the fruit setting of roots and leaves of fruit trees or vegetables are promoted, and the yield and the quality of the fruit trees or vegetables are effectively improved.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The soil improvement liquid is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 30-40% of soil enzyme activator, 10-20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5-10% of fulvic acid potassium and 3-6% of biological compound microbial inoculum.

2. The soil improvement fluid according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of biogas slurry composite nutrient solution, 30% of soil enzyme activator, 20% of biological oligosaccharide polymerization agent, 5% of potassium fulvate and 5% of biological compound microbial inoculum.

3. The soil improvement liquid of claim 1, wherein the biological complex microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

4. The soil improvement liquid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2-4: 0.8-1.2: 2-4: 1.5-2.5.

5. The soil improvement liquid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biogas liquid composite nutrient solution preferably comprises 70-80% of biogas liquid, 9-19% of liquid ammonium phosphate, 3-8% of urea, 1-5% of potassium sulfate, 1-5% of biological bacteria and 0.05-0.2% of compound sodium nitrophenolate.

6. Use of the soil improvement liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for improving soil.

7. The use of claim 6, wherein the improving soil comprises improving soil physicochemical properties, reducing soil-borne diseases of the soil, or increasing the species and content of microorganisms in the soil.

8. Use of a soil amendment according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for improving the yield and/or quality of crops.

9. Use according to claim 8, wherein the crop comprises a fruit tree or a vegetable.

10. The use of claim 9, wherein the fruit tree comprises citrus; the vegetable includes cucumber, tomato or eggplant.