CN114373898A - 一种锂离子电池负极碳硅复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种用于锂离子电池负极的碳硅复合材料,其中碳材料是从印染废水中提取,属于锂离子电池负极材料应用技术领域,该材料具有良好的常温循环稳定性,该材料电压范围接近目前使用的锂离子电池材料体系,来源广泛,大规模制造成本低廉,提取工艺简单,是可以解决废水处理的新工艺,同时满足锂离子电池负极材料的性能要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池负极材料技术领域,涉及印染废水的处理与碳硅复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池是继铅酸电池、镍镉电池以及镍氢电池之后新一代二次电池。在全球面临石油资源的持续紧缺和环境不断恶化的今天,锂离子电池由于具有容量高、循环寿命长,自放电小,无记忆效应,无环境污染和安全性能好等优点,已经成为高新技术发展的重点之一,被认为是高容量、大功率电池的理想之选,是21世纪的环保电源。可充电锂离子电池自1990年开始商业化以来,其应用范围被不断拓展,从移动电话、笔记本电脑等便携式电子设备领域到电动汽车以及未来的航空航天、人造卫星等诸多领域都将得到广泛应用。目前,人们已经开始致力于研究新型的可充电锂离子电池,可供混合动力电动汽车、可充电混合动力车和纯电动车辆等交通工具使用,从而减少对石油的依赖和缓解空气污染。要满足这种应用,锂离子电池须具备高的功率密度、高的能量密度和好的循环性能。从根本上讲,负极材料作为锂离子电池的最重要组成部分,是锂离子储能器件发展的关键。碳材料是最早应用于锂离子电池的负极材料,碳材料主要包括石墨、无定型碳以及新型碳材料石墨烯等。印染废水中富含主要成分为碳氢氧的染料,如果能够回收利用制成碳材料并与硅材料复合,用作锂离子负极材料,将一举两得,意义重大。
发明内容
通过浓缩提取废液中的物质作为锂离子电池负极材料的前驱体,再与硅等进行复合、热解碳化制备成碳复合材料。
本发明用于锂离子电池负极材料的碳复合材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将印染工业废水调节pH值至6,将絮凝液与印染工业废水按照1∶100的体积比混合进行絮凝,抽滤,将所得沉淀物在烘箱中100℃下干燥12h,研磨备用。
(2)将纳米硅与步骤(1)中的材料按照质量比为1∶10与2∶10进行掺杂,将其放在球磨机中,以400rpm/min研磨20min,然后在100℃下干燥12h,随后在氮气中高温下煅烧1h,冷却,研磨,得到碳硅复合负极材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明制备的负极材料为硅碳复合材料,这种复合设计使该材料的循环稳定性有了较大的提高,并且由于该材料制造成本低廉,制造工艺可重复性高,批次稳定性好,具有容量高、循环寿命长、自放电小、无记忆效应、无环境污染和安全性能好等优点,可以满足市场上负极材料应用的需求。
附图说明
图1实施例1的红外光谱图
图2实施例1的常温首次充放电曲线
图3实施例1的常温放电循环曲线
图4实施例2的常温放电循环曲线
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例讲述本发明的详细过程,提供实施例是为了理解的方便,绝不是限制本发明。
实施例1:
用稀盐酸将印染废水的pH调至6,将絮凝液与印染废水按1∶100的体积比混合,充分搅拌使其能够絮凝沉淀析出,再对混合液进行抽滤,得到的沉淀物在鼓风干燥箱中100℃下烘干12h,将其取出研磨,得到前驱体;将前驱体与500nm的纳米硅粉末进行混合,在行星球磨机中以400rpm/min研磨20min,球磨后的混合材料在鼓风干燥箱中150℃下干燥12h,然后在氮气中500℃下煅烧3h,制得锂离子电池碳硅复合负极材料。材料的红外光谱图显示材料含有含氧官能团。材料的常温下首次充放电图(图2)显示,材料在0-3.0V下0.1C的首次充电比容量为1172mAh/g,首次放电比容量为943.3mAh/g。常温下150周循环曲线(图三)显示,在前几周循环中材料处于活化阶段,随着循环,容量不断增加,最后基本稳定在220mAh/g左右。
实施例2:
用稀盐酸将印染废水的pH调至6,用絮凝液与印染废水按体积比为1∶100混合,充分搅拌使其能够絮凝沉淀析出,再进行抽滤,得到的沉淀物在鼓风干燥箱中100℃下烘干12h,将其取出研磨得到前驱体;再将其与800nm的纳米硅粉末混合,在行星球磨机中以400rpm/min研磨20min,其中球料比按照15∶1,并加入少量乙醇。球磨后的混合材料在鼓风干燥箱中150℃下干燥12h,在氮气中400℃下煅烧3h,制得锂离子电池碳硅复合负极材料。材料在0-3.0V区间0.1C时的首次充电比容量为927.9mAh/g,首次放电比容量为1169mAh/g。常温下50周循环曲线(图4)显示在前几周循环中材料处于活化阶段,循环50周后,容量保持率为98.7%。
尽管上面结合图对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下,还可以做出很多变形,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种从印染废水中提取碳源的处理工艺,并将其作为碳材料的前驱体,与硅混合后经热解碳化制得碳硅复合材料,并用作锂离子电池负极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池负极碳硅复合材料,其特征在于,所述材料的电压适用范围在2.0-4.8V。
3.权利要求1所述的材料的制备方法,所述方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将印染废水进行浓缩提取,采用絮凝、抽滤、干燥等程序将从废水中提取出固体物,进行水洗、烘干制得碳材料的前驱体。
(2)将制得的前驱体热解碳化制得碳材料,与硅进行复合,在球磨400rpm/20min,再将球磨后的物料150℃下干燥12小时,然后再在不同温度下煅烧1小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述印染废水富含主要成分为碳氢氧的染料。
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CN109103530A (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-12-28 | 石河子大学 | 一种利用废弃絮体制备铁掺杂碳材料的方法及碳材料 |
CN110336005A (zh) * | 2019-06-30 | 2019-10-15 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种钛基氧化物锂离子电池负极材料及其性能测试方法 |
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Patent Citations (6)
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CN102509781A (zh) * | 2011-10-27 | 2012-06-20 | 上海交通大学 | 硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法 |
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