CN114303780B - Red maple planting method adopting container for seedling raising - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red maple planting method adopting container seedling raising, belonging to the field of red maple planting, and the planting method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) matrix configuration: mixing the edible fungus leftovers with peat soil according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a planting matrix; (2) potting the substrate: the planting matrix and the ecological control particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1, loading the mixture into a container, wherein the height of the container is three-fourths of the total height of the container, and then filling the container with planting substrates; (3) planting: taking red maple seedlings in spring, transplanting the red maple seedlings in a container, watering the red maple seedlings once 3-4 days after transplanting, and watering the red maple seedlings once every 7-10 days to cover the seedling revival period; and (4) management: urea is applied once every 12-13 days in spring, compound fertilizer is applied once every 12-13 days in summer and autumn, and water is sealed in 11 months, so that the nursery stock is ensured to pass winter safely, the problem of frequent diseases and insect pests during container seedling culture is solved, and the survival rate and quality of red maple are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of red maple planting, in particular to a red maple planting method adopting container seedling raising.
Background
Red maple is a variety of Aceraceae, 2-4 m high, and belongs to ornamental plants. The red maple is a subtropical tree species, is fond of moist, warm climate and cool environment, is fond of light but is not exposed to burning sun, belongs to a neutral and shady tree species, is relatively shady, can cause withered and curled leaves when being blown by dry hot air in summer, and can damage the bark when being burned at high temperature. At present, the red maple propagation method mainly adopts methods of sowing, grafting and cuttage for propagation, can be sowed in autumn or spring after being layered and buried, and avoids sunscald in the seedling growth process; the grafting seedling raising method mainly uses acer negundo, acer truncatum and the like as rootstocks and carries out grafting treatment by a method of abdominal grafting, cleft grafting, cutting grafting and bud grafting; the time of cutting seedling raising is generally 6-7 months, the cutting seedling is easy to survive, the current-year thick and strong branch is selected as the cutting branch, and during cutting, the naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution is adopted to promote rooting.
The red maple grows in moist soil, especially in the growing season, the demand for water is high, so that irrigation is needed frequently, and the red maple seedlings are sensitive to herbicides, so that weeding needs to be carried out manually. The red maple seedling stage is mainly affected by insect pests and diseases, the pests which harm the growth of the red maple seedling stage mainly comprise underground pests, branch and leaf pests, trunk-boring pests and the like, and the diseases mainly comprise damping-off, virus diseases and the like. Wherein, the underground pests comprise grubs, mole crickets and the like, which can bite the roots and stems of the red maple seedlings, so that the seedlings are easy to die; the branch and leaf pests comprise acanthomys, scarab, aphids and the like, and can eat red maple leaves, so that the nursery stock has poor growth; the stem borers such as longicorn, borer and the like can damage branches and stems of red maple, so that the phenomenon that the big red maple seedlings are withered, and some of the branches and the stems even die of the whole red maple is caused.
The container seedling culture is a main means for improving the quality of the forest and supplying the forest seedlings, the container seedling culture has the advantages of high afforestation survival rate, no seedling revival period, easy control of the specification and quality of the seedlings, convenience for industrial seedling culture and the like, so the container seedling culture of the red maples is inevitable trend and selection for the development of the container seedling culture, but the problems of pest control and weeding in the container seedling culture are still important links of the container seedling culture in a nursery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a red maple planting method using container seedling raising, which solves the problem that diseases and insect pests frequently occur during container seedling raising, and improves the survival rate and quality of red maples.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a red maple planting method adopting container seedling raising comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Matrix configuration: mixing the edible fungus leftovers with peat soil according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a planting matrix;
(2) Potting a substrate: the planting matrix and the ecological prevention and control particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 into a container with a height of three quarters of the total height of the container, and then filling the container with a planting substrate;
(3) Planting: taking red maple seedlings in spring, transplanting the red maple seedlings in a container, watering the red maple seedlings once 3-4 days after transplanting, and watering the red maple seedlings once every 7-10 days to cover the seedling revival period;
(4) Management: applying urea every 12-13 days in spring, applying compound fertilizer every 12-13 days in summer and autumn, and sealing frozen water in 11 months to ensure the safety of the nursery stock in winter.
Further, the ecological control particles mainly comprise the following components: rush, cypermethrin, expanded vermiculite, sucrose fatty acid ester, methyl carbamate, polyvinyl alcohol and dimethyl silicone oil.
Further, the container is made of one of plastic, clay, fiber and wood.
Further, the ground diameter of the red maple plantlets is 1-3cm;
further, the red maple can be American red maple, japanese red maple, chinese red maple.
Further, the preparation method of the ecological control granules comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Cutting cleaned medulla Junci into segments, sealing and drying at 100-140 deg.C for 24-30h, taking out, pulverizing into micropowder, spraying ethanol solution to moisten the surface of the micropowder, adding sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60-70 deg.C, stirring at constant temperature for 1-2h to obtain medulla Junci micropowder; the rush is crushed into micro powder with the particle size of 3-5 mu m;
(2) Heating cypermethrin in a water bath to 55-60 ℃, adding rush micropowder, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15-20min, then adding expanded vermiculite with the thickness of 4-6mm, continuing to perform ultrasonic dispersion for 15-20min, then heating in the water bath to 65-70 ℃, stirring for 30-60min, adding methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 30-40min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying in hot air with the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 30-40min, soaking in simethicone, standing for 10-12h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol with water, heating for dissolving, adding corn starch, heating to 80-90 ℃ for gelatinization for 1-1.5h, adding glycerol, stirring for 20-30min, adding a defoaming agent dropwise, stirring for 5-10min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of modified expanded vermiculite, and drying with hot air at 30-40 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
The ecological insect-proof particles prepared by the invention are externally formed by water-soluble films prepared by mixing raw materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch and the like, and are internally wrapped by modified expanded vermiculite with hydrophobicity. The water requirement of the red maple plantlets in the growth period is large, and if the ecological insect-proof particles are water-soluble, the purpose of long-term insect expelling cannot be achieved, so that the modified expanded vermiculite with the internal insect expelling function is prepared into the hydrophobic particles, the service life is prolonged, and the insect expelling efficiency is improved.
The rush has rich pores and high specific surface area and can play a role in fixing the sucrose fatty acid ester after being mixed with the sucrose fatty acid ester, and the sucrose fatty acid ester plays a role in activating the rush, so that the rush is mixed with other raw materials to promote the insecticide to be more easily compounded with expanded vermiculite and not to easily fall off. The cypermethrin is a high-efficiency insecticide, although the water solubility is poor, part of cypermethrin is still slightly soluble in water, the early watering amount of red maple seedlings is large, and if the cypermethrin is not treated, the loss amount of the cypermethrin is large, the cypermethrin cannot play a role in expelling insects, so that the cypermethrin, rush pith and methyl carbamate are compounded with the expanded vermiculite together under the action of the rush pith micro powder and the methyl carbamate and penetrate into the expanded vermiculite intercalation to form stable insect-preventing particles. The methyl carbamate is also an insecticide and is mixed with the cypermethrin, so that the insecticidal efficiency is higher, and the methyl carbamate has volatility and can further penetrate into the planting matrix, so that the insecticidal efficiency is improved. The expanded vermiculite can be usually used as a substrate to improve soil and adjust the air permeability and the water retention of the soil, but is not suitable to be directly used as a carrier of the ecological particles, so that the expanded vermiculite needs to be modified to have hydrophobicity, then is compounded with other raw materials to play a role in killing insects, and can also be used for facilitating the growth of red maple seedlings by utilizing the characteristics of the expanded vermiculite.
Furthermore, plant growth regulators and/or water-soluble fertilizers can be added into the ecological control particles prepared by the invention to ensure the nutrition required by the growth process of the red maple seedlings. And (2) adding a plant growth regulator and/or a water-soluble fertilizer after the rush micropowder is obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring.
Further, the mass ratio of the dried fine powder of the juncus roemerianus to the sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.5:1.
further, the mass ratio of the rush micropowder to the expanded vermiculite is 1: (5-6).
Further, the mass ratio of the expanded vermiculite to the cypermethrin is 1 (0.1-0.15), and the mass ratio of the expanded vermiculite to the methyl carbamate is 1 (0.1-0.2).
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the mixed solution to the modified expanded vermiculite is (0.5-0.7): 1.
Has the advantages that:
the planting method of the red maple seedlings by adopting the container for seedling cultivation disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the growth speed of the red maple seedlings, and in addition, the ecological insect-prevention particles prepared by the method have contact killing activity on grubs, mole crickets and other underground insects, so that the survival rate of the red maple seedlings can be improved, the influence of the underground insects on the seedlings is reduced, and the container seedling cultivation has obvious advantages in subsequent outplanting and transplanting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of growing seedlings of red maple using a non-woven fabric as a container;
fig. 2 is a seedling growing chart of red maple of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
example 1: red maple container seedling culture
In the implementation, american red maple seedlings with the ground diameter of about 2cm are adopted for container seedling raising, and ecological particles are required to be prepared firstly.
(1) Cutting cleaned rush, sealing and drying at 100 ℃ for 30h, taking out the dried rush, crushing into 200g of micro powder with the diameter of 3-5 microns, spraying 75wt% of ethanol solution on the surface of the micro powder to ensure that the surface of the micro powder is slightly moist, enabling sucrose fatty acid ester to be more easily mixed with the micro powder by the ethanol solution, adding 400g of sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 2h to obtain rush micro powder for later use;
(2) Heating 300g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 55 ℃, adding rush micropowder, ultrasonically dispersing for 15min at 28KHz, adding 3kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 20min, heating the mixture in the water bath to 65 ℃, stirring for 60min, adding 300g of methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 30min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying the expanded vermiculite in hot air at 30 ℃ for 40min, completely soaking the expanded vermiculite in dimethyl silicone oil, standing for 12h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 7:85, heating to 90 ℃ for dissolving, adding corn starch with the mass of 0.86 time of polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 90 ℃ for gelatinization for 1h, adding glycerol with the mass of 0.6 time of polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 30min, dripping a few drops of defoaming agent, stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to enable the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to be uniformly adhered with the mixed solution, and drying with hot air at 30 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
The container for planting the seedlings of the Hongfeng is a PVC nutrition pot with the size of 45cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 60cm.
(1) Matrix configuration: mixing the edible fungus leftovers with peat soil according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and sterilizing to obtain a planting matrix;
(2) Potting a substrate: the planting matrix and the ecological prevention and control particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1, loading the mixture into a container, wherein the height of the container is three-fourths of the total height of the container, and then filling the container with planting substrates;
(3) Planting: taking red maple plantlets in spring for 3 months, transplanting the red maple plantlets in a container, watering once 3-4 days after transplanting, and watering once every 7-10 days after transplanting, wherein the red maple plantlets are in a seedling revival stage;
(4) Management: applying urea once every 12-13 days in spring, applying compound fertilizer once every 12-13 days in summer and autumn, and sealing the frozen water in 11 months to ensure that the nursery stock can safely pass the winter.
Example 2: red maple container seedling II
In the implementation, american red maple seedlings with the ground diameter of about 1cm are adopted for container seedling raising, and ecological particles are required to be prepared firstly.
(1) Cutting cleaned rush into segments, sealing and drying the cut rush for 26 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, taking out the dried rush, crushing the rush into 200g of micro powder with the particle size of 3-5 mu m, spraying 75wt% of ethanol solution on the surface of the micro powder to ensure that the surface of the micro powder is slightly moist, enabling the sucrose fatty acid ester to be more easily mixed with the micro powder by the ethanol solution, adding 400g of the sucrose fatty acid ester, heating the mixture to 70 ℃, stirring the mixture at constant temperature for 2 hours to obtain the rush micro powder for later use;
(2) Heating 432g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 58 ℃, adding rush micropowder, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 16min at 28KHz, adding 3.6kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuing to carry out ultrasonic dispersion for 16min, then heating the water bath to 70 ℃, stirring for 40min, adding 540g of methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 35min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying the expanded vermiculite in hot air at 35 ℃ for 35min, completely soaking the expanded vermiculite in dimethyl silicone oil, standing for 11h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 7:85, heating to 90 ℃ for dissolving, adding corn starch with the mass of 0.86 time of polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 85 ℃ for gelatinization for 1.2h, adding glycerol with the mass of 0.6 time of polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 20min, dripping a few drops of defoaming agent, stirring for 8min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to enable the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to be uniformly adhered with the mixed solution, and drying with hot air at 30 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
Wherein the container for planting the seedlings of the Hongfeng is a non-woven fabric container with the size of 45cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 60cm.
(1) Matrix configuration: mixing the edible fungus leftovers with peat soil according to a mass ratio of 2:1, and sterilizing to obtain a planting matrix;
(2) Potting the substrate: the planting matrix and the ecological prevention and control particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 into a container with a height of three quarters of the total height of the container, and then filling the container with a planting substrate;
(3) Planting: taking red maple seedlings in spring, transplanting the red maple seedlings in a container, watering the red maple seedlings once 3-4 days after transplanting, and watering the red maple seedlings once every 7-10 days to cover the seedling revival period;
(4) Management: applying urea once every 12-13 days in spring for 3 months, applying compound fertilizer once every 12-13 days in summer and autumn, and sealing with frozen water in 11 months to ensure the safety of the nursery stock in winter.
Example 3: red maple container seedling culture III
In the implementation, american red maple seedlings with the ground diameter of about 3cm are adopted for container seedling raising, and ecological particles are required to be prepared firstly.
(1) Cutting cleaned rush, sealing and drying at 140 ℃ for 24h, taking out the dried rush, crushing into 200g of micro powder with the particle size of 3-5 microns, spraying 75wt% of ethanol solution on the surface of the micro powder to ensure that the surface of the micro powder is slightly moist, enabling sucrose fatty acid ester to be more easily mixed with the micro powder by the ethanol solution, adding 400g of sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 1h to obtain the rush micro powder, adding trace element fertilizer with the addition of 10g, and stirring uniformly for later use;
(2) Heating 495g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 60 ℃, adding rush micropowder, ultrasonically dispersing for 20min at 28KHz, adding 3.3kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 20min, heating the water bath to 65 ℃, stirring for 60min, adding 660g of methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 40min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying the expanded vermiculite in hot air at 40 ℃ for 40min, completely soaking the expanded vermiculite in dimethyl silicone oil, standing for 10h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 7:85, heating to 90 ℃ for dissolving, adding corn starch with the mass of 0.86 time of polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 85 ℃ for gelatinization for 1.2h, adding glycerol with the mass of 0.6 time of polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 20min, dripping a few drops of defoaming agent, stirring for 8min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to enable the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to be uniformly adhered with the mixed solution, and drying with hot air at 30 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
Wherein the container for planting the seedlings of the Chinese red wind is a ceramic basin with the size of 45cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 60cm.
(1) Matrix configuration: mixing the edible fungus leftovers with peat soil according to a mass ratio of 2:1, and sterilizing to obtain a planting matrix;
(2) Potting the substrate: the planting matrix and the ecological prevention and control particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1, loading the mixture into a container, wherein the height of the container is three-fourths of the total height of the container, and then filling the container with planting substrates;
(3) Planting: taking red maple plantlets in spring for 3 months, transplanting the red maple plantlets in a container, watering the red maple plantlets once 3-4 days after transplanting, and watering the red maple plantlets once every 7-10 days after transplanting, wherein the red maple plantlets are in a seedling revival stage;
(4) Management: applying urea every 12-13 days in spring, applying compound fertilizer every 12-13 days in summer and autumn, and sealing frozen water in 11 months to ensure the safety of the nursery stock in winter.
Comparative example 1:
in order to compare with example 1, the raw materials and steps are adjusted mainly on the basis of the ecological anti-insect granules prepared in example 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Heating 300g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 55 ℃, adding 3kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuing to perform ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, then heating the mixture in the water bath to 65 ℃, stirring for 60min, adding 300g of methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 30min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying the expanded vermiculite in hot air at 30 ℃ for 40min, completely soaking the dried expanded vermiculite in dimethyl silicone oil, standing for 12h, and taking out the hot air for drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(2) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 7:85, heating to 90 ℃ for dissolving, adding corn starch with the mass of 0.86 time of polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 90 ℃ for gelatinization for 1h, adding glycerol with the mass of 0.6 time of polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 30min, dripping a few drops of defoaming agent, stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to enable the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to be uniformly adhered with the mixed solution, and drying with hot air at 30 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
Comparative example 2:
for comparison with example 1, the raw materials and steps were adjusted mainly on the basis of the ecological insect-proofing granule prepared in example 1, and the specific steps thereof were as follows:
(1) Cutting cleaned rush, sealing and drying at 100 ℃ for 30h, taking out the dried rush, crushing into 200g of micro powder with the diameter of 3-5 microns, spraying 75wt% of ethanol solution on the surface of the micro powder to ensure that the surface of the micro powder is slightly moist, enabling sucrose fatty acid ester to be more easily mixed with the micro powder by the ethanol solution, adding 400g of sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 2h to obtain rush micro powder for later use;
(2) Heating 300g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 55 ℃, adding rush micropowder, ultrasonically dispersing for 15min at 28KHz, adding 3kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuously ultrasonically dispersing for 20min, heating the mixture in the water bath to 65 ℃, stirring for 60min, adding 300g of methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 30min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, and drying the expanded vermiculite in hot air at 30 ℃ for 40min for later use;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 7:85, mixing, heating to 90 ℃ for dissolving, adding corn starch with the mass 0.86 time that of polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 90 ℃ for gelatinization for 1h, adding glycerol with the mass 0.6 time that of polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 30min, dripping a few drops of defoaming agent, stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of the expanded vermiculite to enable the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to be uniformly adhered with the mixed solution, and drying with hot air at 30 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
Comparative example 3:
in order to compare with example 1, the raw materials and steps are adjusted mainly on the basis of the ecological anti-insect granules prepared in example 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Cutting cleaned rush, sealing and drying at 100 ℃ for 30h, taking out the dried rush, crushing into 200g of micro powder with the diameter of 3-5 microns, spraying 75wt% of ethanol solution on the surface of the micro powder to ensure that the surface of the micro powder is slightly moist, enabling sucrose fatty acid ester to be more easily mixed with the micro powder by the ethanol solution, adding 400g of sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 2h to obtain rush micro powder for later use;
(2) Heating 300g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 55 ℃, adding rush micropowder, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min at 28KHz, adding 3kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuing to perform ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, heating in the water bath to 65 ℃, stirring for 60min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying in hot air at 30 ℃ for 40min, completely soaking in dimethyl silicone oil, standing for 12h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 7:85, heating to 90 ℃ for dissolving, adding corn starch with the mass of 0.86 time of polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 90 ℃ for gelatinization for 1h, adding glycerol with the mass of 0.6 time of polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 30min, dripping a few drops of defoaming agent, stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to enable the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite to be uniformly adhered with the mixed solution, and drying with hot air at 30 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
Comparative example 4:
for comparison with example 1, the raw materials and steps were adjusted mainly on the basis of the ecological insect-proofing granule prepared in example 1, and the specific steps thereof were as follows:
(1) Cutting cleaned rush, sealing and drying at 100 ℃ for 30h, taking out the dried rush, crushing the rush into 200g of micro powder with the particle size of 3-5 mu m, spraying 75wt% of ethanol solution on the surface of the micro powder to slightly moisten the surface of the micro powder, enabling sucrose fatty acid ester to be more easily mixed with the micro powder by the ethanol solution, adding 400g of sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 2h to obtain the rush micro powder for later use;
(2) Heating 300g of cypermethrin in a water bath to 55 ℃, adding rush micropowder, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min at 28KHz, adding 3kg of expanded vermiculite with the size of 4-6mm, continuing to perform ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, heating the water bath to 65 ℃, stirring for 60min, adding 300g of methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 30min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying the expanded vermiculite in hot air at 30 ℃ for 40min, completely soaking the expanded vermiculite in dimethyl silicone oil, standing for 12h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain the ecological control particles.
Comparative example 5 (blank):
for comparison with example 1, the feeding pots were directly filled with the same planting substrate as in example 1 without using ecological control granules.
Wherein the red maple container seedling raising method of comparative example 1 to comparative example 4 is the same as that of example 1: the preparation of the substrate is the same, the prepared ecological control particles and the planting substrate are arranged in a nutrition pot according to the same steps, 50 red maple seedlings with the ground diameter of about 2cm and the height of about 75cm are planted in the pot in 3 months in spring, the planting operation and the management operation are the same, no additional insect killing operation is performed, and the number of surviving seedlings and the average seedling height and ground diameter are checked in 11 months in the year.
The blank control did not use ecological control granules, and the feeding block was directly filled with the same planting medium as in example 1, and the rest of the planting method was the same.
The data obtained are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the red maple plantlets in example 1 grow well, the ground diameter is increased by 0.32cm, the height is increased by 0.12cm, the survival rate reaches 100%, compared with example 1, rush micropowder is not adopted, the effect is obviously reduced when the pesticide is fixed, so that underground rhizomes are damaged by pests, and the growth amplitude of the ground diameter and the height of the plantlets is obviously reduced. Comparative example 2 does not adopt dimethyl silicone oil to treat the expanded vermiculite, so that the internal substances of the expanded vermiculite are quickly lost, the insect prevention effect is obviously reduced, and the survival rate is only 80 percent. Comparative example 3, in which methyl carbamate was not used, the insect-repellent effect was lower than that of example 1, and it was demonstrated that the combination of methyl carbamate and cypermethrin significantly improved the insect-repellent effect. Comparative example 4 the surface of the modified expanded vermiculite was not sprayed with the mixed solution, resulting in a 4% reduction in survival rate, because the mixed solution, when dried to form a film and watered, automatically dissolves, preventing the active ingredients in the modified vermiculite from scattering out when the ecological insect control particles are mixed with the planting substrate, resulting in a reduction in insect control efficiency.
Meanwhile, a grub control experiment was performed on the ecological control granules prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 3:
(1) Sterilizing soil for breeding grubs under ultraviolet rays, adding 20% of water, mixing uniformly, and mixing with the ecological control granules prepared according to the proportion of 1:3, uniformly mixing the components in a mass ratio;
(2) Respectively placing 5-7 d-old healthy Holotrichia parallela larvae with uniform individual size in the feeding box, and taking soil without ecological control particles as a blank control;
(3) Each group had 20 larvae, each group was repeated 3 times;
(4) The obtained insects were kept in a climatic chamber at 28 ℃ and 50% humidity for 7 days, and the number of live insects was counted, respectively, and the obtained data are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the control effect of example 1 on grubs is 100%, while the control effects of comparative example 1 and comparative example 3 are poor, and 66.7% and 76.7% respectively, so that it can be understood that the ecological control granules prepared by the present invention can prevent pests from eating the root of the seedling, causing seedling withering, and improve the survival rate of red maple seedlings by controlling subterranean pests.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (6)
1. A red maple planting method adopting container seedling raising is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Matrix configuration: mixing the edible fungus leftovers with peat soil according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a planting matrix;
(2) Potting the substrate: the planting matrix and the ecological control particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1, loading the mixture into a container, wherein the height of the container is three-fourths of the total height of the container, and then filling the container with planting substrates;
(3) Planting: taking red maple seedlings in spring, transplanting the red maple seedlings in a container, watering the red maple seedlings once 3-4 days after transplanting, and watering the red maple seedlings once every 7-10 days to cover the seedling revival period;
(4) Management: applying urea every 12-13 days in spring, applying compound fertilizer every 12-13 days in summer and autumn, and sealing frozen water in 11 months to ensure the safety of the nursery stock in winter;
the ecological control particles comprise the following components: rush, cypermethrin, expanded vermiculite, sucrose fatty acid ester, methyl carbamate, polyvinyl alcohol, dimethyl silicone oil; the preparation method of the ecological control granules comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Cutting cleaned medulla Junci into segments, sealing and drying at 100-140 deg.C for 24-30h, taking out, pulverizing into micropowder, spraying ethanol solution to moisten the surface of the micropowder, adding sucrose fatty acid ester, heating to 60-70 deg.C, stirring at constant temperature for 1-2h to obtain medulla Junci micropowder;
(2) Heating cypermethrin in a water bath to 55-60 ℃, adding rush micropowder, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15-20min, then adding expanded vermiculite with the thickness of 4-6mm, continuing to perform ultrasonic dispersion for 15-20min, then heating in the water bath to 65-70 ℃, stirring for 30-60min, adding methyl carbamate, removing the water bath, stirring for 30-40min, taking out the expanded vermiculite, drying in hot air with the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 30-40min, soaking in simethicone, standing for 10-12h, taking out the hot air, and drying to obtain modified expanded vermiculite;
(3) Mixing polyvinyl alcohol with water, heating for dissolving, adding corn starch, heating to 80-90 ℃ for gelatinization for 1-1.5h, adding glycerol, stirring for 20-30min, dripping a defoaming agent, stirring for 5-10min to obtain a mixed solution, atomizing the mixed solution, spraying the atomized mixed solution on the surface of modified expanded vermiculite, and drying by hot air at 30-40 ℃ to obtain the ecological control particles.
2. The method for planting red maple seedlings by using containers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the containers are made of one of plastic, clay, fiber and wood.
3. The method for planting the red maples by using the container for seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the ground of the red maple plantlets is 1-3cm.
4. The method for planting red maple seedlings by using containers according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fine powder of the dried rush to the sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.5:1.
5. the method for planting the red maple by using the container for seedling raising according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the expanded vermiculite to the cypermethrin is 1.
6. The method for planting the red maples by using the container for seedling cultivation according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution to the modified expanded vermiculite is 0.5-0.7.
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