CN114128576A - Annual supply method of edible native angelica - Google Patents
Annual supply method of edible native angelica Download PDFInfo
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- CN114128576A CN114128576A CN202111326013.4A CN202111326013A CN114128576A CN 114128576 A CN114128576 A CN 114128576A CN 202111326013 A CN202111326013 A CN 202111326013A CN 114128576 A CN114128576 A CN 114128576A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a year-round supply method of edible native angelica, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation. The annual supply method of the edible native angelica comprises the following steps: step 1: cultivation and management in summer and autumn: step 1.1: producing and storing seeds; step 1.2: sowing; step 1.3: thinning and transplanting; step 1.4: managing thinning and transplanting; step 1.5: harvesting and storing; step 1.6: sowing and cultivating for many times; step 2: cultivation management in winter and early spring: step 2.1: building a greenhouse; step 2.2: selecting and planting a germination material; step 2.3: managing after planting; step 2.4: and (6) harvesting. The annual supply method of the edible native angelica can meet the requirements of consumers on forest vegetables, can produce the edible native angelica with high yield, excellent quality and competitive price in off season, and improves the income of growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a year-round supply method of edible native angelica, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Edible native angelica, academic name: aralia cordia Thunb, Araliaceae Aralia perennial herbaceous plant, alias radix Ardisiae Caudatae, radix Angelicae Pubescentis, radix Angelicae sinensis, etc., is an economic plant with both edible and medicinal advantages, is also a special forest vegetable, is a wild green vegetable which is international and domestic pretty, and has wide development prospect.
Edible root and rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb, for medical use, has pungent and bitter taste and warm nature, has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, removing dampness, relieving rigidity of muscles, activating collaterals, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, is used as medicine for dispelling pathogenic wind and promoting blood circulation, and is mainly used for treating rheumatism pain, soreness of waist and knees, flaccidity of limbs, lumbar muscle strain, etc. The tender leaves of the edible native angelica have fragrance for eating. The edible native angelica germinates in the period from 'Qingming' to 'Lixia' every year, the picking period is about 30 days, and the edible native angelica can be fried, dressed in a cool way or pickled, has the effects of benefiting qi and regulating the middle warmer, promoting the production of body fluid and moistening dryness and clearing heat and detoxicating, and is suitable for feverish dysphoria, dry cough and hoarse voice, eye sore throat, malnutrition and the like. The vegetable juice has good taste and quality, has special fragrance, meets the slack season of vegetable supply, and is very popular.
In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of common people, people pay more attention to the quality of life, and naturally select green vegetables with delicate, safe and pure mouthfeel. Therefore, a large amount of wild edible native angelica is excessively picked, and the ecological diversity is greatly damaged. In addition, the picking period under the conventional planting is from the beginning of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, tender stems of the edible native angelica exceeding the picking period can be lignified rapidly, the fiber amount is increased suddenly, the taste is poor, and the edible value is not high or cannot be eaten. In summary, the existing wild edible native angelica has the following problems: the first is short picking period, low normal production period price, average 15 yuan/kg, no yield and high price in other periods, the highest is 31 yuan/kg, and the second is lack of artificial forest cultivation method. The above problems severely restrict the development of the edible native angelica industry.
In view of this, there is a need to provide a new cultivation method to advance or delay picking time and to produce high-quality and competitive-price edible native angelica in off-season by scientific management measures such as intensive management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a year-round supply method of edible native angelica.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a year-round supply method of edible native angelica comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation management in summer and autumn
Step 1.1: seed production and storage
Setting a seed field at an altitude of 300-400 m, picking mature seeds in late 7 month, drying in the shade, and storing at 5 ℃;
step 1.2: seeding
Setting a nursery garden at the elevation of 300-400 m, building a greenhouse, covering a sunshade net, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%, and fertilizing to form a ridged field;
soaking the seeds dried in the shade in the step 1.1, and sowing the seeds in the ridged field when 10-20% of the seeds are exposed;
step 1.3: thinning and transplanting
Thinning and transplanting when 2 to 2 semi-true leaves are developed;
step 1.4: management after thinning and transplanting
Spraying water and fertilizer on the same day after thinning and transplanting, spraying water and fertilizer once after weeding each time, then spraying leaves with clear water, and spraying pesticide on the leaves;
step 1.5: harvesting and storing
When the height of the overground stem is more than or equal to 0.25m, harvesting in time, reserving a pair of leaves at each root and stem, harvesting in an interlaced manner for 2 times in each row, and storing or cellaring at the temperature of 3-8 ℃;
step 1.6: multiple sowing and cultivation
Sowing the next time 30d-40d after each sowing in the step 1.1, and repeating the steps 1.3-1.5;
step 2: cultivation management in winter and early spring
Step 2.1: building greenhouse
Building a greenhouse, covering a thin film and a sunshade net, wherein a plurality of layers of supports for placing cultivation boxes are arranged in the greenhouse, and each layer of support is provided with a fluorescent lamp;
step 2.2: selection and planting of germinating material
Selecting underground rhizomes with root diameters of more than or equal to 0.02m and/or 0.2-0.4 m above the roots of the above-ground rhizomes as a germination material from the edible angelica planted in summer and autumn in the step 1, and planting the germination material in a cultivation box;
step 2.3: post-plant management
Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse in the daytime at 15-25 ℃, covering a heat-insulating curtain at night, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at more than or equal to 8 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%;
step 2.4: harvesting
When the length of the tender shoots is more than or equal to 0.3m, carrying out first harvesting; then, the germination is promoted for 1-2 times, the harvest is carried out, and finally the root is pulled up.
The principle of the annual supply method of the edible native angelica is explained as follows:
in step 1.1, the natural growth conditions of the edible native angelica sinensis are more than or equal to 1000m at the altitude, the method is introduced to low-altitude areas of 300m-400m to construct seed fields, so that the seeds are full and mature in 7 th ten days of the year; the seed fields can be arranged on two sides of the fence frame type red grape planting bed, so that the effect of natural shading is achieved, the composite planting level of the red grape garden can be improved, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the land is improved. After the seeds are fully ripe in late 7 months, the first batch of seeds are picked, and the later ripe batch is picked. Storing at 5 deg.C within 50d without planning seeding.
In step 1.2 of the invention, a nursery garden is arranged at the altitude of 300m-400m, the temperature is high, and the growth speed is high. Covering a sunshade net, adjusting the illumination intensity of the ridge field, keeping the humidity of the ridge field, being simple and feasible, controlling the rapid cultivation of the nursery stock, preventing the tender stem from lignification too fast, and realizing the low-cost and rapid cultivation of the edible soil angelica in summer and autumn.
Accelerating germination of seeds at 105d-110d before planned harvesting, controlling harvesting season, increasing yield by high-density planting, and ensuring supply of edible soil angelica and vegetables in summer and autumn. Meanwhile, the low altitude temperature is high, and the temperature increasing cost in winter cultivation is reduced. After seeds are soaked, the seed dormancy is broken through, the germination rate of the seeds is obviously improved, the germination vigor is high, and the seeds are picked next month and sowed in the same month, so that the germination rate of about 53 percent can be obtained; the seeds can germinate about 15 days after being soaked, and the conventional seedling culture method that the edible native angelica is stored for 1 in winter to promote the after-ripening and then grow seedlings is broken; the later batch of picked seeds is used 5 months before the next year, so that the seed storage time is shortened, the seed storage cost is reduced, and the germination rate is improved; realizes the annual reasonable use of the seeds.
In step 1.5 of the invention, the overground stem height can be more than or equal to 0.25m after the transplantation for 50d-60d, and the harvest can be carried out at the right time. And (4) alternately harvesting, wherein each row is harvested for 2 times, and the harvesting time can be more than 4 times in total, and the seeds can be stored in an environment of 3-8 ℃ or a cellar for 30-40 days.
In step 2.1 of the present invention, the incubator can be a commercial conventional foam chamber product, for example, having a length by width by height of 0.5m by 0.45m by 0.3m, with at least 6 small holes drilled in the bottom to prevent water accumulation. Set up multilayer support for place the artificial containers, can increase the land use rate of big-arch shelter.
In the step 2.2 of the invention, the edible native angelica rhizome and the first section of the overground stem are used as storage nutritive organs, and the rapid germination advantage is achieved.
In step 2.3, the dormancy of the edible native angelica roots and overground stems is broken through by controlling the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, the current situation that the overground stems are abandoned is filled, the edible native angelica roots can be rapidly cultivated for picking and eating in winter and in early spring for only about 30 days, and the edible native angelica roots can be cultivated to promote germination for more than 2 times.
In step 2.4 of the invention, the root is finally pulled up for eating or medicinal use.
In conclusion, natural conditions are utilized, cultivation modes in different seasons are reasonably arranged, the seed cultivation time is long, conditions which are favorable for seed germination and seedling growth in summer and autumn are utilized, a greenhouse is built, the cooling and shading cost is low, meanwhile, underground roots with the diameter less than 0.02m can be used for conventional cultivation in the second year, and planting materials produced in the year are expanded; underground rhizomes with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.02m can be cultivated in winter. The temperature is low in winter, the temperature-increasing cost is high, the underground rhizomes and the first sections of overground rhizomes with the diameters of more than or equal to 0.02m germinate fast, and the underground rhizomes and the first sections of overground rhizomes are used as germinating materials for early spring cultivation in winter, so that the time is short, and the cost is low.
The annual supply method of the edible native angelica has the beneficial effects that:
1. the annual supply method of the soil-eating Chinese angelica can meet the requirements of consumers on forest vegetables, can produce the soil-eating Chinese angelica with high yield, excellent quality and competitive price in slack season, and can store 30-40 days by storing or cellaring the soil-eating Chinese angelica at the temperature of 3-8 ℃, thereby realizing uninterrupted supply and improving the income of the growers.
2. The method is simple, easy to operate, wide in market prospect and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step 1.2, the fertilization refers to applying 2.5kg/m of organic fertilizer in the ridge field2-2.8kg/m2。
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the parameters, the fertility requirement of the edible soil for planting the angelica can be met.
Furthermore, in the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0%, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of a plurality of farmyard organic fertilizers and commercial organic fertilizers.
Furthermore, the farmyard organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more of decomposed pig manure, decomposed cattle manure, decomposed sheep manure and decomposed chicken manure.
Further, in the step 1.2, the width of the ridge field is 0.8m-1.2m, and the height of the ridge field is 0.2m-0.3 m.
Further, in step 1.2, the seed soaking agent is gibberellin and cytokinin solution with the mass concentration of 200mg/L in a mass ratio of 1:1, the seed soaking time is 20-24 h.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the seed soaking medicament and the seed soaking time with the parameters, the seed dormancy can be broken, the seed germination rate is obviously improved, the germination rate is uniform, and the annual reasonable use of the seeds is realized.
The gibberellins are commercially available, such as 90% crude powder available from Wuhan La Na pharmaceuticals and chemical industries, Inc.
The cytokinin can be purchased commercially, for example, from Zhengzhou Guanda chemical products Co., Ltd., with a specification of 90% raw powder.
Further, in step 1.4, the water fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass percent of 0.2%.
Furthermore, in the ternary compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%.
The compound fertilizer can be purchased in the market, for example, from Shenzhen Botian ecological fertilizer industry GmbH, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are 15%, and the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45%.
Furthermore, in the step 1.4, the spraying on the leaf surfaces means that 1000 times of liquid of chlorothalonil 800-fold with the mass percentage of 75% is adopted every 10d-12d to spray the leaf surfaces.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: can realize the management of plant diseases and insect pests.
Further, in step 2.2, the specific method for planting is as follows: in the foam box with a plurality of holes drilled at the bottom, a layer of matrix is firstly paved, then a layer of underground stems is vertically paved, and then the matrix and the underground stems are paved in turn until a layer of overground stems is obliquely arranged on the uppermost layer.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the mode, the germination of underground stems and overground stems can be promoted, and in the subsequent collection, the underground stems and the overground stems can be collected from top to bottom in sequence, so that the requirement of being listed for multiple times is met.
Further, the matrix is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine bark particles and peanut bran according to the mass ratio of 6:2:2, or is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine needles and peanut bran according to the mass ratio of 6:2: 2.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the substrate adopting the parameters can meet the growth requirement of the germinating material.
Furthermore, the pine bark particles and the peanut bran are fermented by a microbial agent for 20-25 days and then are used as a matrix; the length of the pine needle is 1cm-1.2 cm.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: after the pine bark particles and the peanut bran are fermented by the microbial agent, the pine needle leaves have the length, and the obtained matrix is more favorable for the absorption of the edible soil and the angelica, subsequently emits rich vegetable flavor, and improves the product quality.
Furthermore, in the microbial agent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108one/mL.
The microbial agent can be purchased in the market, such as VT-1000 microbial agent, available from Beijing Waotungsan Biotech GmbH.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The annual supply method of the edible native angelica comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation management in summer and autumn
Step 1.1: seed production and storage
Building a seed field under a trellis type grape planting bed at an altitude of 401m of a peak village in a middle town of a mountain town in a resource county, picking mature seeds in late 7 months, drying in the shade, and storing the picked seeds after 8 months and 9 months at the temperature of 5 ℃;
step 1.2: seeding
Setting a nursery garden at an elevation of 401m in the middle-peak village of the middle-peak town of the Source county 3 months and 1 day 2018, building a greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with the transmittance of 50%, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%, and applying 2.5kg/m of organic fertilizer in the ridge farmland2And finishing the farmland. In the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. The farmyard organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure.
And (3) soaking the seeds dried in the shade in the step 1.1, wherein the seed soaking agent is mixed solution of gibberellin and cytokinin solution with the mass concentration of 200mg/L according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the seed soaking time is 20 hours. When 10-20% of the seeds are exposed to the white, sowing the seeds in the furrow field in 3 months and 21 days.
Step 1.3: thinning and transplanting
Thinning and transplanting are carried out when 2 to 2 semi-true leaves are developed in 21 days after 4 months.
Step 1.4: management after thinning and transplanting
Spraying 0.2 mass percent of ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution on the same day after thinning and transplanting, spraying 0.2 mass percent of ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution once after weeding each time, spraying the leaves with clear water, and spraying 800 times of chlorothalonil with the mass percent of 75 percent on the leaf surfaces every 10 days.
Step 1.5: harvesting and storing
Collecting stems with height of 0.25m or more on the ground at 20 days after 6 months, reserving a pair of leaves at each root, collecting every 7d in an interlaced manner, collecting for 2 times, and storing or cellaring at 3-8 ℃.
Step 1.6: multiple sowing and cultivation
And (3) sowing the next time 30 days after each sowing in the step 1.2, and repeating the steps 1.3-1.5.
Step 2: cultivation management in winter and early spring
Step 2.1: building greenhouse
A greenhouse is built 20 days before 12 months in 2018, a film and a sunshade net are covered, a plurality of layers of supports for placing cultivation boxes are arranged in the greenhouse, and fluorescent lamps are arranged on each layer of supports.
Step 2.2: selection and planting of germinating material
In 2019, 1 month and 5 days, selecting underground rhizomes and/or overground rhizomes with the root diameter of more than or equal to 0.02m and/or 0.2m-0.4m above the roots of the overground rhizomes as germination materials from the edible soil angelica planted in summer and autumn in the step 1, and planting the germination materials in a cultivation box, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: in the foam box with a plurality of holes drilled at the bottom, a layer of matrix is firstly paved, then a layer of underground stems is vertically paved, and then the matrix and the underground stems are paved in turn until a layer of overground stems is obliquely arranged on the uppermost layer. The matrix is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine bark particles and peanut bran according to the mass ratio of 6:2: 2. The pine bark particles and the peanut bran are fermented by a microbial agent for 20 days and then are used as a matrix; the length of the pine needle is 1cm-1.2 cm. In the microbial agent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108one/mL.
Step 2.3: post-plant management
Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-25 ℃ in the daytime, covering a heat preservation curtain at night, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at more than or equal to 8 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%.
Step 2.4: harvesting
Harvesting for the first time when the length of the tender bud is more than or equal to 0.3m in 2019, 2, 8 and 8 months; then, promoting germination for 1-2 times, harvesting, and finally pulling up the root for eating or medicinal use.
Example 2
The annual supply method of the edible native angelica comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation management in summer and autumn
Step 1.1: seed production and storage
Building a seed field under a trellis type grape planting bed at an elevation of 301m in the same village of the resource town in the county, the resource town, the mature seeds are picked up in the late 7 th month and dried in the shade, and the picked seeds are stored at the temperature of 5 ℃ after 8-9 months;
step 1.2: seeding
Setting a nursery garden at an elevation of 301m in resource county, town and village at 3 and 5 months in 2019, building a greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with transmittance of 50%, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%, and applying organic fertilizer 2.7kg/m in the ridge farmland2And finishing the farmland. In the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. The farmyard organic fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed cattle manure and decomposed sheep manure.
And (3) soaking the seeds dried in the shade in the step 1.1, wherein the seed soaking agent is mixed solution of gibberellin and cytokinin solution with the mass concentration of 200mg/L according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the seed soaking time is 20 hours. When 10-20% of the seeds are exposed to the white, the seeds are sowed in the furrow fields in 3 months and 25 days.
Step 1.3: thinning and transplanting
Thinning and transplanting when 2 to 2 semi-true leaves develop at 24 days of 4 months.
Step 1.4: management after thinning and transplanting
Spraying 0.2 mass percent of ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution on the same day after thinning and transplanting, spraying 0.2 mass percent of ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution once after weeding each time, spraying leaves with clear water, and spraying 900 times of chlorothalonil with the mass percent of 75 percent on leaf surfaces every 11 days.
Step 1.5: harvesting and storing
Collecting the stems with height of 0.25m or more on the ground at 23 days after 6 months, reserving a pair of leaves at each root, collecting every 8d in an interlaced way, collecting for 2 times, and storing or cellaring at 3-8 ℃.
Step 1.6: multiple sowing and cultivation
Seeding for the next time 35 days after each seeding in the step 1.2, and repeating the step 1.3-the step 1.5;
step 2: cultivation management in winter and early spring
Step 2.1: building greenhouse
And (3) building a greenhouse 30 days before 12 months and 12 months in 2019, covering a film and a sunshade net, wherein a plurality of layers of supports for placing the cultivation box are arranged in the greenhouse, and a fluorescent lamp is arranged on each layer of support.
Step 2.2: selection and planting of germinating material
In 25 days 12 months in 2020, in the edible soil angelica planted in summer and autumn in step 1, underground rhizomes and/or overground rhizomes with the root diameter of more than or equal to 0.02m and/or 0.2m-0.4m above the roots of the overground rhizomes are selected as germination materials and planted in a cultivation box, and the specific method is as follows: in the foam box with a plurality of holes drilled at the bottom, a layer of matrix is firstly paved, then a layer of underground stems is vertically paved, and then the matrix and the underground stems are paved in turn until a layer of overground stems is obliquely arranged on the uppermost layer. The matrix is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine needles and peanut bran according to the mass ratio of 6:2: 2. The pine bark particles and the peanut bran are fermented by a microbial agent for 22 days and then are used as a matrix; the length of the pine needle is 1cm-1.2 cm. In the microbial agent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108one/mL.
Step 2.3: post-plant management
Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-25 ℃ in the daytime, covering a heat preservation curtain at night, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at more than or equal to 8 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%.
Step 2.4: harvesting
Harvesting for the first time when the length of tender shoots is more than or equal to 0.3m in 2 and 5 days in 2020; then, promoting germination for 1-2 times, harvesting, and finally pulling up the root for eating or medicinal use.
Example 3
The annual supply method of the edible native angelica comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation management in summer and autumn
Step 1.1: step 1.1: producing and storing seeds;
building a seed field under a trellis type grape planting bed at an elevation of 351m in strictly closed town clear water village in Xingan county, picking mature seeds in the late 7 th month, drying in the shade, and storing the picked seeds after 8 and 9 months at the temperature of 5 ℃;
step 1.2: seeding
Setting a nursery garden at an elevation of 351m of Qingshui village of strict customs town of Xingan county in 2018, 3 months and 9 days, building a greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with the transmittance of 50%, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%, and applying an organic fertilizer 2.8kg/m in the ridge farmland2And finishing the farmland. In the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. The organic fertilizer is a commercial organic fertilizer.
And (3) soaking the seeds dried in the shade in the step 1.1, wherein the seed soaking agent is mixed solution of gibberellin and cytokinin solution with the mass concentration of 200mg/L according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the seed soaking time is 20 hours. When 10-20% of the seeds are exposed to the white, the seeds are sowed in the furrow fields in 28 days in 3 months.
Step 1.3: thinning and transplanting
Thinning and transplanting when 2 to 2 semi-true leaves develop in 25 days of 4 months.
Step 1.4: management after thinning and transplanting
Spraying 0.2 mass percent of ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution on the same day after thinning and transplanting, spraying 0.2 mass percent of ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution once after weeding each time, then spraying the leaves with clear water, and spraying 1000 times of chlorothalonil with the mass percent of 75 percent on the leaf surfaces every 12 days.
Step 1.5: harvesting and storing
Collecting the stems with height of 0.25m or more on the ground at 23 days after 6 months, reserving a pair of leaves at each root, collecting every 10d in an interlaced way, collecting for 2 times, and storing or cellaring at 3-8 ℃.
Step 1.6: multiple sowing and cultivation
Sowing the next time 40 days after each sowing in the step 1.2, and repeating the steps 1.3-1.5;
step 2: cultivation management in winter and early spring
Step 2.1: building greenhouse
A greenhouse, a covering film and a sunshade net are built 30 days before 12 months in 2020, a plurality of layers of supports for placing cultivation boxes are arranged in the greenhouse, and fluorescent lamps are arranged on each layer of supports.
Step 2.2: selection and planting of germinating material
In the step 1 of planting the edible native angelica in summer and autumn in 2021, 1, 10 days and 1, underground rhizomes and/or overground rhizomes with the root diameter of more than or equal to 0.02m and 0.2-0.4 m above the roots of the overground rhizomes are selected as a germination material to be planted in a cultivation box, and the specific method is as follows: in the foam box with a plurality of holes drilled at the bottom, a layer of matrix is firstly paved, then a layer of underground stems is vertically paved, and then the matrix and the underground stems are paved in turn until a layer of overground stems is obliquely arranged on the uppermost layer. The matrix is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine bark particles and peanut bran according to the mass ratio of 6:2: 2. The pine bark particles and the peanut bran are fermented by a microbial agent for 25 days and then are used as a matrix; the length of the pine needle is 1cm-1.2 cm. In the microbial agent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108one/mL.
Step 2.3: post-plant management
Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-25 ℃ in the daytime, covering a heat preservation curtain at night, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at more than or equal to 8 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%.
Step 2.4: harvesting
Harvesting for the first time when the length of tender shoots is more than or equal to 0.3m in 20 days 2 months in 2020; then, promoting germination for 1-2 times, harvesting, and finally pulling up the root for eating or medicinal use.
Comparative example 1
In contrast to example 1, the seeds of step 1.1 were harvested from wild plants and the harvested seeds were not stored at 5 ℃; step 1.2 to step 1.4 are the same; the step 1.5 is not carried out on the cultivated nursery stocks in the current year, and after 1 year of cultivation, rootstocks are dug out in the 2 nd year to be used as propagation materials for planting, and the cultivation is only carried out for 1 time; then managing according to the steps 1.4 to 1.5 without thinning process and step 2; the production batch is only 1 time, so the total yield is low and the total income is low.
Transplanting in step 1.3 in 1 month of 2018, transplanting in step 1.4 after 3 months sprout, harvesting and storing in step 1.5 from 5 days 4 months to 5 months and 5 days 5 months, wherein the harvesting period is about 30 days, the storage at normal temperature can only be 7 days, and the yield per mu is 1250 kg.
Comparative example 2
In contrast to example 2, the seeds of step 1.1 were harvested from wild plants and the harvested seeds were not stored at 5 ℃; step 1.2 to step 1.4 are the same; the step 1.5 is not carried out on the cultivated nursery stocks in the current year, and after 1 year of cultivation, rootstocks are dug out in the 2 nd year to be used as propagation materials for planting, and the cultivation is only carried out for 1 time; then managing according to the steps 1.4 to 1.5 without thinning process and step 2; the production batch is only 1 time, so the total yield is low and the total income is low.
Transplanting in step 1.3 in 1 month of 2019, transplanting in step 1.4 for 3-month germination, harvesting and storing in step 1.5 in 10-5-6 days of 4 months, wherein the harvesting period is about 30 days, and the harvesting period is only 7 days at normal temperature and the yield per mu is 1298 kg.
Comparative example 3
In contrast to example 3, the seeds of step 1.1 were harvested from wild plants and the harvested seeds were not stored at 5 ℃; step 1.2 to step 1.4 are the same; the step 1.5 is not carried out on the cultivated nursery stocks in the current year, and after 1 year of cultivation, rootstocks are dug out in the 2 nd year to be used as propagation materials for planting, and the cultivation is only carried out for 1 time; then managing according to the steps 1.4 to 1.5 without thinning process and step 2; the production batch is only 1 time, so the total yield is low and the total income is low.
The step 1.3 transplantation is carried out in 1 month of 2020, the transplantation is carried out according to the step 1.4 after 3 months sprout, the harvesting and the storage are carried out according to the step 1.5 in 3 days of 4 months to 5 months and 5 days of 4 months, the harvesting period is about 30 days, the storage is carried out at normal temperature, only 7 days can be stored, and the yield per mu is 1323 kg.
Experimental example 1
A total of 4 incubations were performed from 2018 to 2020 using method step 1.6 of example 1, example 2 and example 3; the cultivation method has low single yield, but high price, lower cost of nursery stock compared with the conventional production cost, more production batches, high total yield, large per mu yield and higher pure income; step 2, 1 cultivation is carried out, the cultivation cost is high, but the unit price is high when the spring festival is met, the cultivation period is short, and therefore the pure income is high.
The methods of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 are managed according to steps 1.4 to 1.5, have no thinning process and step 2, and are cultivated by rhizomes, so the yield is high, but the cost of the seedlings is higher, and the seedlings can be cultivated only for 1 time, so the total yield is low, and the conventional production price is low, the yield per mu is small, and the pure income is small.
The methods of the examples and comparative examples are specifically determined in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 comparison of incubation lots, average prices, yields, etc. for the method of example 1 with the method of comparative example 1
TABLE 2 comparison of incubation lots, average prices, yields, etc. for the method of example 2 with the method of comparative example 2
Table 3 comparison of the method of example 3 with the method of comparative example 3 for cultivation batches, average prices, yields, etc
Experimental example 2
The method steps 1.1 of example 1, example 2 and example 3 are that seeds are collected from seed fields, the method steps 1.1 of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 are that seeds are picked from wild plants with the altitude of more than 1000m and are grown, and the research shows that the seeds and the germination characteristics of the examples are better than those of the comparative example, and the specific determination is shown in tables 4, 5 and 6.
Table 4 seed and germination characteristics table for the method of example 1 and the method of comparative example 1
TABLE 5 seed and Germination characterisation tables for the method of example 2 and for the method of comparative example 2
TABLE 6 seed and Germination characteristics Table for the method of example 3 and the method of comparative example 3
Experimental example 3
Method step 1.1 of example 1, example 2 and example 3 the seeds were dried in the shade and stored at 5 c, and method step 1.1 of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 the seeds were stored at ambient temperature.
The method of example 1, example 2 and example 3 stores the seeds at 5 ℃ for a certain period of time, the germination rate and the germination vigor increase along with the increase of the storage time, the germination peak appears in 110 days of seed storage, the germination rate gradually decreases along with the increase of the storage time, but the germination rate still remains 31.5% by about 320 days; in contrast, the method of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, when the seeds are stored under the normal temperature condition for a certain period, the germination rate and the germination vigor are increased along with the increase of the storage time, the germination peak appears after the seeds are stored for 50 days, the germination rate is gradually reduced along with the increase of the storage time, and the germination rate is only about 2.5 percent when the seeds are stored for about 320 days.
Thus, the storage time is shortened as much as possible and the storage cost is saved, for example, seeds intended for the next year of cultivation can be stored at a low temperature while maintaining a high germination rate, and the influence of the seed storage on germination is shown in Table 7 in the methods of examples 1, 2 and 3 and in the method steps 1.1 of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 7 Effect of storage on Germination of the methods of examples 1-3 and of comparative examples 1-3
Experimental example 4
Method step 1.2 of examples 1, 2 and 3 the seeds were treated with the agent after picking for 20d, and method step 1.2 of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 the seeds were not treated with the agent after picking for 20 d.
The seeds of the embodiment are respectively soaked in mixed liquor of gibberellin, cytokinin and two growth factors with different concentrations, the germination rate is obviously increased after the seeds are treated by the medicament, the germination rate is the highest and reaches 53 percent when the seeds are treated by the medicament with the gibberellin and the cytokinin mass concentration of 200mg/L, and the germination rate is obviously different from that of other seeds; secondly, the germination rate of the seeds after gibberellin treatment is the highest concentration of 400mg/L, namely 40.3 percent, and is obviously different from other treatments; the concentrations of the cytokinin are obviously different from those of a control in the seed treatment, and the concentrations of the cytokinin are not obviously different from those of the control in the 3 kinds of seeds;
the comparative example was not treated with chemicals and the germination rate was only 0.5% to 1%, see table 8.
TABLE 8 influence of the treatment with chemicals of the methods of examples 1-3 and of comparative examples 1-3 on the average germination percentage of newly harvested seeds
| Concentration (mg/L) | Gibberellins | Cell separating agent | Gibberellin + cytokinin |
| 0 | 0.5％±0.01d | 1％±0.01b | 1％±0.01c |
| 100 | 25％±0.02c | 10.8％±0.02a | 42.7％±0.03b |
| 200 | 35.3％±0.03b | 12.3％±0.03a | 53.0％±0.02a |
| 400 | 40.3％±0.03a | 11.7％±0.02a | 39.3％±0.02b |
According to the experimental examples 1-4, natural conditions are utilized, cultivation modes in different seasons are reasonably arranged, the seed cultivation time is long, conditions which are beneficial to seed germination and seedling growth in summer and autumn are utilized, a greenhouse is built, the cooling and shading cost is low, meanwhile, underground roots with the diameter of less than 0.02m can be used for conventional cultivation in the second year, and planting materials produced in the year are expanded; underground rhizomes with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.02m can be cultivated in winter. The temperature is low in winter, the temperature-increasing cost is high, the underground rhizomes and the first sections of overground rhizomes with the diameters of more than or equal to 0.02m germinate fast, and the underground rhizomes and the first sections of overground rhizomes are used as germinating materials for early spring cultivation in winter, so that the time is short, and the cost is low.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The annual supply method of the edible native angelica is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: cultivation management in summer and autumn
Step 1.1: seed production and storage
Setting a seed field at an altitude of 300-400 m, picking mature seeds in late 7 month, drying in the shade, and storing at 5 ℃;
step 1.2: seeding
Setting a nursery garden at the elevation of 300-400 m, building a greenhouse, covering a sunshade net, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%, and fertilizing to form a ridged field;
soaking the seeds dried in the shade in the step 1.1, and sowing the seeds in the ridged field when 10-20% of the seeds are exposed;
step 1.3: thinning and transplanting
Thinning and transplanting when 2 to 2 semi-true leaves are developed;
step 1.4: management after thinning and transplanting
Spraying water and fertilizer on the same day after thinning and transplanting, spraying water and fertilizer once after weeding each time, then spraying leaves with clear water, and spraying pesticide on the leaves;
step 1.5: harvesting and storing
When the height of the overground stem is more than or equal to 0.25m, harvesting in time, reserving a pair of leaves at each root and stem, harvesting in an interlaced manner for 2 times in each row, and storing or cellaring at the temperature of 3-8 ℃;
step 1.6: multiple sowing and cultivation
Sowing the next time 30d-40d after each sowing in the step 1.2, and repeating the steps 1.3-1.5;
step 2: cultivation management in winter and early spring
Step 2.1: building greenhouse
Building a greenhouse, covering a thin film and a sunshade net, wherein a plurality of layers of supports for placing cultivation boxes are arranged in the greenhouse, and each layer of support is provided with a fluorescent lamp;
step 2.2: selection and planting of germinating material
Selecting underground rhizomes with root diameters of more than or equal to 0.02m and/or 0.2-0.4 m above the roots of the above-ground rhizomes as a germination material from the edible angelica planted in summer and autumn in the step 1, and planting the germination material in a cultivation box;
step 2.3: post-planting management
Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse in the daytime at 15-25 ℃, covering a heat-insulating curtain at night, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at more than or equal to 8 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70-80%;
step 2.4: harvesting
When the length of the tender shoots is more than or equal to 0.3m, carrying out first harvesting; then, the germination is promoted for 1-2 times, the harvest is carried out, and finally the root is pulled up.
2. The annual feeding method of the edible native angelica sinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1.2, the fertilization is to apply 2.5kg/m of organic fertilizer in the furrow field2-2.8kg/m2。
3. The annual supply method of the soil-bearing angelica sinensis as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0%, the mass percentage of moisture is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5 on a drying basis.
4. The annual supply method of edible native angelica sinensis according to claim 3, wherein said organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of farmer organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer; the farmyard organic fertilizer is any one or mixture of more of decomposed pig manure, decomposed cattle manure, decomposed sheep manure and decomposed chicken manure.
5. The annual supply method of the edible native angelica according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.2, the seed soaking agent is gibberellin and cytokinin solution with the mass concentration of 200mg/L in a mass ratio of 1:1, the seed soaking time is 20-24 h.
6. The annual supply method of the soil-bearing angelica sinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1.4, the water fertilizer is a 0.2% by mass ternary compound fertilizer aqueous solution; the spraying on the leaf surfaces means that 800-1000 times of chlorothalonil liquid with the mass percentage of 75% is adopted every 10-15 days to spray the leaf surfaces.
7. The annual supply method of the edible native angelica sinensis according to claim 6, wherein the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15%.
8. The annual supply method of the edible native angelica according to claim 1, wherein in step 2.2, the specific planting method comprises: in the foam box with a plurality of holes drilled at the bottom, a layer of matrix is firstly paved, then a layer of underground stems is vertically paved, and then the matrix and the underground stems are paved in turn until a layer of overground stems is obliquely arranged on the uppermost layer.
9. The annual supply method of the soil-ready angelica sinensis as claimed in claim 8, wherein the matrix is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine bark particles and peanut bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:2, or is formed by mixing forest topsoil, pine needles and peanut bran in a mass ratio of 6:2: 2.
10. The annual feeding method of Aralia cordata according to claim 9, wherein the pine bark granules and the peanut bran are fermented with the microbial agent for 20-25 days and then used as the substrate; the length of the pine needle is 1cm-1.2 cm.
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