JP2009057316A - Method of imparting stress resistance to plant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique capable of imparting stress resistance to a plant. <P>SOLUTION: A method of imparting stress resistance to a plant comprises providing plants under the cultivation condition having a plant stress ratio of 111-200% with an organosilicon compound. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention provides a predetermined plant stress tolerance imparting agent and the plant stress tolerance imparting agent to plants in a stress environment, for example, foliar application to plant roots, stems, leaves or fruits, soil irrigation, etc. It is related with the plant stress tolerance imparting method applied by this method. Here, hereinafter, the “plant” represents one that can be recognized from the wording of the plant itself, vegetable, fruit, fruit tree, grain, seed, bulb, flower, herb (herb), taxonomic plant, etc. .

  About one-third of the land on the earth belongs to arid land, and further arid land is expected to increase due to future warming. In addition, as a countermeasure against serious food shortages due to population growth, yields are improved in dry areas, salt accumulation areas, areas where temperatures are high and low, that is, areas where growth is difficult or growth has deteriorated and yield has declined. There is an urgent need to develop, maintain and increase technology.

  When plants grow in nature or artificial environments, temperature (high temperature, low temperature, freezing), strong wind, light intensity (strong light, weak light), drying, inorganic toxicity (salts, heavy metals, aluminum, etc.), oxygen, Subject to various stresses such as machines and pests. However, plants cannot protect themselves from various stresses by moving like animals. In order to acquire stress tolerance, plants are known to synthesize various substances in vivo when stressed. For example, it is a compatible solute such as proline, glycine betaine, and sugar (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, it is known that when subjected to the stress described above, plants produce aging hormones such as abscisic acid, and the growth decreases or stops, resulting in a decrease in yield.

As methods for improving the stress tolerance of such plants, methods such as selection and breeding, gene recombination (patent documents 1 and 2), drugs such as glycine betaine (patent document 3), aminolevulinic acid (patent document 4), Although there is application of silicic acid (Non-Patent Document 2), these effects cannot be obtained enough to slightly relieve stress, and none are currently in practical use.
JP 2002-262885 A JP 2002-369634 A JP-A-10-262457 JP-A-8-151304 “Protein Nucleic Acid Enzyme” (Kyoritsu Shuppan) vol. 44 no. 15 PP54-65 1999 “Study of Roots” (Root Research Society) vol. 14 (2): PP41-49 2005

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method of imparting stress resistance to plants that promotes growth even in an environment in which various stresses on the plants occur. Another object of the present invention is to provide a plant stress tolerance imparting agent that can be used in such a method and can impart excellent stress tolerance to plants.

  The present invention relates to a method for imparting plant stress resistance, wherein an organosilicon compound is applied to a plant under cultivation conditions having a plant stress rate of 111 to 200%.

  Moreover, this invention relates to the plant stress tolerance imparting agent used for the plant which has an organosilicon compound and is in the cultivation conditions whose plant stress rate is 111-200%.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, tolerance with respect to various stress, such as salt stress, temperature stress, and drought stress, can be provided with respect to a plant. Therefore, the growth of the plant can be promoted even in an environment where various stresses occur on the plant.

<Organic silicon compound>
The organosilicon compound of the present invention is presumed to be stress-resistant by depositing on the cell walls of plants and strengthening the cells. Examples of the organosilicon compound used in the present invention include silicone oil, silicone surfactant, organosilane, silyl hydride, and silene. Of these, one or more organosilicon compounds selected from the group consisting of silicone oils and silicone surfactants are preferred. Examples of the silicone oil include straight silicone oil and modified silicone oil. Examples of the straight silicone oil include dimethyl silicone oil, cyclic dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, and methylhydrogen silicone oil. Modified silicone oils include alkyl silicone oil, alkyl / aralkyl silicone oil, alkyl / polyether silicone oil, polyether silicone oil, higher fatty acid ester silicone oil, fluoroalkyl silicone oil, amino silicone oil, epoxy silicone oil, carboxyl silicone oil. And alcohol silicone oil. Among silicone oils, dimethyl silicone oil and cyclic dimethyl silicone oil are preferable.

  Silicone surfactants include side chain modified type [Formula (1)], both end modified type [Formula (2)], one end modified type [Formula (3)], both end side chain modified type, [Formula ( 4)], and the hydrophilic substituent (X in each formula) is a polyether type [formula (5)], polyglycerin type [formula (6)], pyrrolidone type [formula (7)], betaine Type [formula (8)], sulfate type [formula (9)], phosphate type [formula (10)], quaternary salt type [formula (11)] (m and n are integers from 0 to 100) That is a group of Of these, the polyether type is preferable, and polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane is more preferable. The silicone surfactant of the present invention has a solubility in 100 g of water exceeding 0.1 mg at 25 ° C.

  In the formula, m and n are each an integer of 0 to 100, and X is a group selected from the following formulas (5) to (11).

In the formula, a to e are the average number of added moles, each of 0 to 50. R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably an alkyl group), M is an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium, and Y ⁻ is a halogen ion such as a chlorine ion.

  In the plant stress tolerance imparting method of the present invention, the concentration of the organosilicon compound in the treatment liquid is preferably 0.01 ppm to 10000 ppm, preferably 0.1 to 5000 ppm when sprayed on the foliage as the concentration when applied to the plant body. Is more preferable, and 1 to 2000 ppm is more preferable. When applied from the underground in soil and hydroponics, 0.01 ppm to 10000 ppm is preferable, 0.1 to 2000 ppm is more preferable, and 1 to 1000 ppm is more preferable.

<Surfactant>
In the present invention, a surfactant (excluding a silicone surfactant) can be used together with the organosilicon compound. If necessary, other surfactants can be used to drastically improve the wettability, adhesion, and permeability of organosilicon compounds to the plant surface, enhance the effectiveness of the organosilicon compounds, or demonstrate their effectiveness efficiently. By doing so, the use concentration of the organosilicon compound can be reduced.

  Nonionic surfactants include resin acid esters, polyoxyalkylene resin acid esters, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ethers, alkyl alkanolamides, and the like.

  Examples of the anionic surfactant include carboxylic acid-based surfactants, sulfonic acid-based surfactants, sulfate ester-based surfactants, and preferably one or more selected from carboxylic acid-based surfactants and phosphate ester-based surfactants. .

  Examples of the carboxylic acid-based surfactant include fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or salts thereof, polyvalent carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alkylamide ether carboxylates, rosinates, Examples include dimer acid salts, polymer acid salts, tall oil fatty acid salts, and esterified starches. Of these, esterified starch, and alkenyl succinylated starch are preferred.

  Examples of sulfonic acid surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, diphenyl ether sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid condensates, and naphthalene sulfonic acid condensations. Examples include physical salts.

  Examples of sulfate surfactants include alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, tristyrenated phenol sulfates, polyoxyalkylene distyrenated phenol sulfates. Etc.

Examples of the phosphate ester surfactant include alkyl phosphate ester salts, alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phosphate ester salts, and polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts.
Examples of the salt include metal salts (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.), ammonium salts, alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts, and the like.

  Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino acids, imidazolines, and amine oxides.

  Examples of the amino acid system include acyl amino acid salts, acyl sarcosine salts, acyloylmethylaminopropionates, alkylaminopropionates, acylamidoethylhydroxyethylmethylcarboxylates, and the like.

  Examples of amine oxides include alkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldiethanolamine oxide, alkylamidopropylamine oxide, and the like.

  The concentration of the other surfactant in the treatment liquid is preferably 0.1 to 10000 ppm, more preferably 1 to 5000 ppm, and even more preferably 10 to 1000 ppm when spraying on the foliage as the concentration when applied to the plant body. preferable. When applying from the underground part in soil and hydroponics, 0.01 to 5000 ppm is preferable, 0.1 to 1000 ppm is more preferable, and 1 to 500 ppm is more preferable.

<Chelating agent>
In the present invention, a chelating agent can be used together with the organosilicon compound. By using a chelating agent, the stability of the composition prepared from the organosilicon compound and other components and the treatment liquid can be dramatically improved, and as a result, the stress tolerance imparting effect can be stabilized. As the chelating agent, an organic acid having a chelating ability or a salt thereof is preferable. Specifically, citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, heptonic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid and other oxycarboxylic acids, polyvalent carboxylic acids And potassium salts, sodium salts, alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts and the like thereof. Further, a chelating agent other than an organic acid may be mixed. As a chelating agent to be mixed, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or a salt thereof, 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid monohydrate. Examples thereof include aminocarboxylic acid-based chelating agents such as (CDTA) or a salt thereof.

  The concentration of the chelating agent in the treatment solution is preferably 0.1 to 10000 ppm, more preferably 1 to 5000 ppm, and even more preferably 10 to 1000 ppm when spraying the leaves as the concentration when applied to the plant body. When applying from the underground part in soil and hydroponics, 0.1-10000 ppm is preferable, 1-5000 ppm is more preferable, and 10-1000 ppm is more preferable.

<Fertilizer ingredients>
In the present invention, a fertilizer component can be further used together with the organosilicon compound.

As a fertilizer component, specifically, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Si, Na, etc., and further, N, P, K, Ca, Examples include inorganic substances and organic substances that serve as a source of Mg. Examples of such an inorganic substance include ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, urea, ammonium carbonate, potassium phosphate, superphosphate lime, and molten phosphorus fertilizer (3MgO · CaO · P ₂ O ₅ · 3CaSiO _2), potassium sulfate, salts potassium nitrate of lime, slaked lime, lime carbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and the like. Organic substances include chicken dung, beef dung, bark compost, peptone, Mieki, fermented extract, calcium salts of organic acids (citric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, etc.), fatty acids (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, caprylic acid) , Capric acid, caproic acid, etc.). These fertilizer components can also be used in combination with a surfactant. It is not necessary to add the fertilizer component when the fertilizer component is sufficiently applied as the original fertilizer in the soil, such as in the field cultivation of leafy vegetables. Moreover, it is preferable to mix | blend a fertilizer component with the type of cultivation form which avoids excessive application of original fertilizer and gives a fertilizer component in the same way as irrigation like a hydroponics and hydroponics.

  The concentration of the fertilizer component in the treatment liquid is preferably 0.1 to 5000 ppm, more preferably 1 to 1000 ppm for the N component, the P component, and the K component, respectively, as the concentration when applied to the plant body when spraying the leaves. Further, 10 to 500 ppm is more preferable. When applied from the underground in soil and hydroponics, the N component, P component, and K component are each preferably 0.1 to 5000 ppm, more preferably 1 to 1000 ppm, and even more preferably 10 to 500 ppm. Moreover, the density | concentration which added all the fertilizer components has preferable 1-10000 ppm, 10-5000 ppm is more preferable, and 50-2000 ppm is more preferable when foliar spraying. The concentration of all fertilizer components added is preferably 1 to 10000 ppm, more preferably 10 to 5000 ppm, and even more preferably 50 to 2000 ppm when applied from the underground in soil and hydroponics.

  In the present invention, a plant stress tolerance imparting agent comprising an organosilicon compound or a plant stress tolerance imparting agent containing an organosilicon compound is applied to the above-ground part or underground part of a plant, so that the It imparts stress tolerance that can promote growth.

In general, for cultivated plants such as agricultural crops, suitable cultivation conditions are known for each plant. When a plant is cultivated under such appropriate cultivation conditions or conditions close thereto, the plant is not stressed. In the present invention, whether the plant is stressed is determined by the following plant stress rate. That is, the weight of the plant body (plant body weight 1, the weight of the plant body cultivated under stress) when cultivated under conditions that can cause stress such as salt, drying, and temperature to exceed appropriate values, From the plant weight (plant weight 2, weight of plant grown under non-stress) when cultivated under appropriate conditions (stress not applied) excluding stress factors from the conditions, the following The plant stress rate (%) is calculated by the formula (ii), and when this value is 111% or more, it means that the growth is reduced by 10% (weight basis) or more, and under the cultivation conditions under stress. It is determined that there is. The present invention is applied to a plant having a plant stress rate of 111 to 200%. Furthermore, when applied to a plant having a plant stress rate of 120 to 180%, preferably 120 to 160%, a more remarkable effect is obtained from the viewpoint of imparting plant stress resistance. Note that the plant stress rate can be calculated using a result obtained by reproducing a condition excluding the stress factor while paying attention to a predetermined stress factor in an actual cultivation condition and at a laboratory level.
Plant stress rate (%) = plant weight 2 / plant weight 1 × 100 (ii)

Whether or not stress tolerance is imparted to a plant is confirmed by the above-mentioned plant stress rate that the plant is in a cultivation condition that gives stress, and the plant weight of the plant cultivated under that condition (plant weight 1) And the plant weight of the plant cultivated by applying the plant stress tolerance-imparting agent of the present invention from the underground or above-ground part (plant weight 3, plant obtained by applying stress tolerance imparting treatment to the plant grown under stress) From the weight of the above, the plant stress tolerance imparting rate (%) is calculated by the following formula (iii). If the plant stress tolerance imparting rate exceeds 100, stress tolerance is imparted to the plant, but it is preferably 105% or more, more preferably 111% or more.
Plant stress tolerance imparting rate (%) = plant weight 3 / plant weight 1 × 100 (iii)

  By applying the plant stress tolerance imparting method or the plant stress tolerance imparting agent of the present invention, it exceeds 110% even when cultivated under cultivation conditions having stress factors such as salt, temperature, and dryness under the conditions of the examples described later. A plant stress tolerance imparting rate can be achieved.

  In the present invention, as a criterion for determining whether or not a specific compound can impart stress tolerance, the standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate according to the following standard test is preferably 111% or more. In actual cultivation such as in the field, various stresses are applied to plants, but this standard test identifies the stressed environment and reproduces it at the laboratory level to test the effect of imparting stress tolerance to the test compound. is there. An organosilicon compound having a standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate of preferably 111% or more can be applied to the above-ground part or underground part of the plant. A standard test for measuring the standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate (here, control group 2 is also prepared) is described below.

<Standard test>
(I) Preparation of plant Culture soil (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / culture soil 1 kg) is packed in a 50-well cell tray and tomato “Momotaro” (Takii seedling) Seeds, cover the culture soil thinly, irrigate with sufficient water and germinate. When the leaves of the second leaf stage are fully developed, the soil at the root of the tomato is washed away with running water and used for the test. As cultivation medium, Kureha gardening cultivation soil made by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
(II) Setting of test conditions Environmental conditions are controlled at a temperature of 23 ° C., a relative humidity of 50%, an illuminance of 5000 Lux, and a light / dark cycle of 16 hours for a light period of 8 hours and a dark period of 8 hours. Such environmental conditions can be obtained, for example, by adjusting the temperature in a room or an artificial meteor that can control the temperature and relative humidity, and by adjusting the illuminance with a fluorescent lamp or the like. The tomato according to the above preparation is planted in a hydroponic solution (tap water added with NaCl to a concentration of 3510 ppm (water potential of 0.29 MPa with NaCl)) in a container (for example, a polyethylene container).
(III) Treatment with plant stress tolerance imparting agent The following test group, control group 1 and control group 2 are prepared. In each of the test group, the control group 1 and the control group 2, 10 individuals (30 individuals in total) are prepared, and the raw weight of the whole plant after 2 weeks is measured. In preparing the aqueous dispersion, a known surfactant or the like having little influence on plants may be used.
Test group: An aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion (concentration: 100 ppm) of the test compound [organosilicon compound] represented by the general formula (1) is sprayed onto the leaf surface for 10 ml per tomato strain.
Control group 1: NaCl is added to the hydroponic solution (salt stress is applied), but the test compound [organosilicon compound] is not given to the tomato.
Control group 2: No NaCl is added to the hydroponic solution (no salt stress is applied), and no test compound [organosilicon compound] is given to the tomato.
(IV) Calculation of standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate (%) The standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate is calculated as follows using the average value of the raw weight of the whole plant obtained [Formula (i)].
Standard plant salt stress tolerance application rate (%) = Plant weight of test body / Plant weight of control group 1 × 100 (i)

Note that the plant stress rate (standard plant salt stress rate) in the standard test is around 130%. In this case, the standard plant salt stress rate can be calculated by the following formula (ii) ′.
Standard plant salt stress rate (%) = Plant weight of control group 2 / Plant weight of control group 1 × 100 (ii) ′

  In the examples described later, the standard plant salt stress rate in the standard test was 130%. Moreover, the standard plant salt stress tolerance provision rate by the said standard test of the compound used in the below-mentioned Example was as Table 1 showing.

  Examples of plant stress factors to which tolerance can be imparted according to the present invention include salt stress, drought stress, and temperature stress. That is, the method of the present invention includes at least one stress factor of salt stress caused by salt concentration in soil or culture solution, drought stress caused by moisture content in soil, and temperature stress caused by temperature of cultivation environment. Therefore, it can be applied to plants that have been cultivated with a plant stress rate of 111 to 200%.

In soil cultivation and hydroponics, the accumulation of salts such as fertilizers increases the osmotic pressure in the cultivation solution and inhibits water absorption of the plant, resulting in a phenomenon in which growth is inhibited. Such a state is generally recognized as a state in which the plant is subjected to salt stress. Specifically, for example, the osmotic potential due to the salt of the hydroponics in hydroponics or the osmotic potential due to the salt in the soil in soil cultivation is 0.2 MPa (2400 ppm in NaCl concentration) or more, and further 0.25 MPa or more. Further, it can be said that the condition is salt stress at 0.30 MPa or more. According to the present invention, it is possible to impart resistance to the proper growth of plants even under such conditions that show osmotic pressure potential. In soil cultivation, the osmotic pressure potential is calculated by the following Raoul's law by diluting the soil with water and analyzing the salt concentration of the supernatant.
Raoul's law π (atm) = cRT
R = 0.082 (L · atm / mol · K)
T = absolute temperature (K)
c = ion molar concentration (mol / L)
1 atm = 0.1 MPa

  In soil cultivation, the moisture content in the soil decreases due to a decrease in the amount of rainfall and irrigation, and the water absorption of the plant is inhibited, resulting in a phenomenon that the growth is inhibited. Such a state is generally recognized as a state in which drought stress is applied to the plant. Specifically, the pF value of the soil where the plant is cultivated is 1.7 or more, which means a state where gravity water cannot be recognized as soil water, more than 2.3, and even more than 2.5. It can be said that this is a condition with drought stress. According to the present invention, it is possible to confer tolerance that a plant grows properly even under such a condition showing a pF value. Here, the pF value can be measured according to the principle described in the “pF value measurement method” on pages 61 to 62 of “Soil / Plant Nutrition / Environment Encyclopedia” (Taiyosha, 1994, Matsuzaka et al.). it can.

  In addition, when a plant is exposed to a temperature higher or lower than the optimum growth temperature of a certain plant with respect to the cultivation environment, a phenomenon occurs in which the physiological metabolic function in the living body is reduced and growth is inhibited. Such a state is generally recognized as a state in which a plant is subjected to temperature stress. Specifically, the average cultivation temperature in the environment where the plant is cultivated is 25 ° C. or higher, further 28 ° C. or higher, more preferably 32 ° C. or higher, or 20 ° C. or lower, further 17 ° C. or lower, and even more. It can be said that it is conditions with temperature stress as it is 15 degrees C or less. According to the present invention, it is possible to impart resistance to the proper growth of plants even under such conditions that indicate the average cultivation temperature. Here, the average cultivation temperature is an average value of cultivation temperatures measured every hour in the cultivation period (period from sowing to the end of growth) regardless of day or night.

  The content of the organosilicon compound in the plant stress tolerance imparting agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 1 to 25% by weight, from the viewpoint of imparting plant stress resistance. From the same viewpoint, the surfactant content is preferably 0.1 to 25% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, and the chelating agent content is 0.1 to 25% by weight, 10% by weight is preferable, and the fertilizer content is preferably 0.1 to 90% by weight, more preferably 1 to 50% by weight, and each component is contained at the above concentration from the composition containing each component at the above concentration. It is preferable to prepare a treatment solution and apply it to plants.

  Examples of plants that can impart stress tolerance according to the present invention include cucumbers, pumpkins, watermelons, melons, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, strawberries, okras, green beans, broad beans, peas, green beans, corn, and the like. For leafy vegetables, Chinese cabbage, hornbill, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, onion, leeks, garlic, rakkyo, leek, asparagus, lettuce, saladna, celery, spinach, garlic, parsley, honey bee, seri, udo, myoga , Fuki, perilla etc. Root vegetables include radish, turnip, burdock, carrot, potato, taro, sweet potato, yam, ginger, lotus root and the like. In addition, it can also be used for rice, wheat, and flowering plants.

Example 1 Salt stress tolerance test (tomato)
Test method Non-salt stress test conditions: NaCl concentration (water potential due to NaCl) 0 ppm (0 MPa) Other cultivation conditions conform to the dry stress test conditions.
Salt stress condition: NaCl concentration (water potential by NaCl): 1500 ppm (0.12 MPa), 3510 ppm (0.29 MPa), or 5000 ppm (0.41 MPa)
Test conditions: Temperature 23 ° C., relative humidity 50%, illuminance: 5000 Lux (fluorescent lamp), light / dark cycle: 16 hr / 8 hr
Hydroponic liquid conditions: Otsuka 1 / 2A prescription (Otsuka House 1 (N: P: K = 10: 8: 27) 7.5 g / 10 L, Otsuka House 2 (N: P: K: Ca = 10: 0) : 0:23) 5 g / 10 L compound liquid, total nitrogen 130 ppm, phosphoric acid 60 ppm, potassium 203 ppm)
Cultivation period: 2 weeks Plant preparation: Kureha Horticultural cultivation soil (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / cultured soil 1 kg) manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd. 50 holes Packed in a cell tray, seeded with tomato “Momotaro” seeds, thinly covered with Kureha Horticultural soil, thoroughly irrigated with water and germinated. When the leaves of the second leaf stage were fully developed, the soil at the root of the tomato was carefully washed away with running water and subjected to the test.
Reagents:
Silicone surfactant: SILWETL-77 (polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane) [GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.]
Silicone surfactant: SILWET 408 (polyether-modified silicone surfactant) [GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.]
・ Silicone surfactant: Makupika (polyoxyethylene methylpolysiloxane) [Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.]
Silicone oil: BY22-007 (dimethyl silicone oil) [Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.]
Silicone oil: BY22-019 (mixture of dimethyl silicone oil and cyclic dimethyl silicone oil) [Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.]
・ Other drugs: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Treatment liquid application rate: foliar spray 10ml / strain Hydroponics (underground treatment) 250ml / strain

<Salt stress tolerance test method>
Environmental conditions were adjusted in an artificial weather device at a temperature of 23 ° C., an illuminance of 5000 Lux with a fluorescent lamp, a light / dark cycle of 16 hours for a light period of 16 hours, and a dark period of 8 hours. The tomato according to the above preparation was planted in 250 ml of a polyethylene bottle containing the above-mentioned hydroponic solution (1/2 Otsuka A prescription and predetermined concentration of NaCl). A treatment solution containing the compounds shown in Table 1 at a predetermined concentration (the balance being water) was prepared and applied to the foliage or underground. In addition, as a control group, no control is given without adding NaCl, which is a control group (a control group for plant weight 2 of formula (ii) and a control group without salt stress) and NaCl at each added concentration. A control group that was adjusted and applied with salt stress and was not supplied with the treatment solution [a control group for plant weight 1 of formula (ii) and a control group with salt stress] was prepared. In each of the test group and the control group, 10 individuals are prepared, and the average value of the plant raw weight of each individual two weeks after the start of the test is used as the plant raw weight, and the plant stress rate according to the above formulas (ii) and (iii) And the plant stress tolerance imparting rate was calculated. As shown in Table 1, in all cases, the plant stress rate is 111% or more, and it is evaluated that stress occurs. However, the plant stress resistance imparting rate for NaCl is clearer in the product of the present invention than in the comparative product. Higher than 105%.

Example 2 Temperature stress tolerance test (tomato)
Test method Non-temperature stress test conditions: Temperature 23 ° C. Other cultivation conditions conform to the temperature stress test conditions.
Temperature stress test conditions: Temperature 10 ° C., 15 ° C. or 32 ° C., relative humidity 50%, illuminance: 5000 Lux (fluorescent lamp), light / dark cycle: 16 hr / 8 hr
Hydroponic liquid conditions: Otsuka 1 / 2A prescription (Otsuka House 1 (N: P: K = 10: 8: 27) 7.5 g / 10 L, Otsuka House 2 (N: P: K: Ca = 10: 0) : 0:23) 5 g / 10 L compound liquid, total nitrogen 130 ppm, phosphoric acid 60 ppm, potassium 203 ppm)
Cultivation period: 2 weeks The preparation of the plant, the chemicals used, and the amount of treatment liquid applied are the same as in Example 1.

<Temperature stress tolerance test method>
The temperature was adjusted to 10 ° C., 15 ° C., or 32 ° C., respectively, in an artificial weather device. The environmental conditions were adjusted so that the illuminance by a fluorescent lamp was 5000 Lux, the light / dark cycle of the day was 16 hr light period, and 8 hr dark period. In this test, a temperature of 23 ° C. at which the growth was the best was set as a reference (non-temperature stress test condition) temperature, and stress was applied by changing the temperature from that to a high or low temperature. The tomato prepared above was planted in 250 ml of a polyethylene bottle containing the hydroponic solution (1/2 Otsuka A formulation). The treatment liquid of Table 1 was applied to the foliar surface or treated underground. Further, as a control group, a control group having a temperature of 23 ° C., which is not subjected to stress (a control group for plant weight 2 of the formula (ii) and a control group without temperature stress) and a temperature of 10 ° C., A control group (a control group for plant weight 1 of formula (ii) and a control group with temperature stress) in which the treatment solution was not given was prepared at 15 ° C or 32 ° C. In each of the test group and the control group, 10 individuals are prepared, and the average value of the plant raw weight of each individual two weeks after the start of the test is used as the plant raw weight, and the plant stress rate according to the above formulas (ii) and (iii) And the plant stress tolerance imparting rate was calculated. As shown in Table 1, the plant stress rate is 111% or more, and it is evaluated that stress is occurring. However, the plant stress resistance imparting rate with respect to temperature is 105% or more in the present invention product. The product of the present invention was clearly higher than the product.

Example 3 Dry stress tolerance imparting test (tomato)
Test method Non-drying stress test condition: Soil pF value 1.3 Other cultivation conditions are in accordance with the drying stress test condition.
Dry stress condition: soil pF value 2.3, 2.5, or 2.9, cultivation temperature: 23 ° C., relative humidity 50%, illuminance: 5000 Lux (fluorescent lamp), light / dark cycle: 16 hr / 8 hr
Cultivation period: 3 weeks Soil: Kureha Horticultural cultivation soil (Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / cultured soil 1 kg)
Preparation of plant: Kureha Horticultural culture soil (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / 1 kg of culture soil) manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd. was packed in a 50-well cell tray and tomato Seed “Momotaro” seeds, cover the Kureha Horticulture soil thinly, irrigate with sufficient water and germinate. When the leaves of the second leaf stage were fully developed, the soil at the root of the tomato was carefully washed away with running water and subjected to the test.
The concentrations of the chemicals used and the treatment liquid are the same as in Example 1.
Treatment liquid application rate: foliar spray 10ml / soil soil irrigation 50ml / strain

<Drying stress tolerance test method>
Five strains of the tomatoes prepared above were planted in a planter of 60 cm on a plant culture shelf in a temperature-controlled room. A soil moisture meter (manufactured by Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is installed in the center of the planter, and irrigation is performed several times a day while checking the state of soil moisture, and the pF value is 2.3, 2.5, or 2 The irrigation amount was controlled to be .9. Immediately after planting the tomatoes, the treatment liquid shown in Table 1 was sprayed on the foliage or treated to the underground at a rate of once a week. Further, a control group which controls the soil pF value to 1.3 and gives no stress (a control group for plant weight 2 of formula (ii) and a control group without drought stress) and a pF value of 2 A control group that is irrigated to give 3, 3, 5 or 2.9 and is not fed with the treatment solution [a control group for plant weight 1 of formula (ii) and a control group with drought stress Is]. In the test group and the control group, 5 individuals (1 planter) are prepared. After 3 weeks from the start of the test, the plant body is sampled so as not to cut the roots, the soil is washed away with running water, and the raw plant weight is measured. The plant stress rate and the plant stress tolerance imparting rate were calculated by the above formulas (ii) and (iii) as average values. As shown in Table 1, the plant stress rate is 111% or more, and it is evaluated that the stress is generated, but the plant stress resistance imparting rate for drying is 105% or more in the present invention product. The product of the present invention was clearly higher than the product.

Example 4 Salt stress tolerance imparting test (tomato)
Test method Test conditions: temperature 23 ° C., relative humidity 50%, illuminance: 5000 Lux (fluorescent lamp), light / dark cycle: 16 hr / 8 hr
Hydroponic liquid condition: tap salt stress condition: NaCl concentration 3510ppm (water potential by NaCl 0.29MPa)
Cultivation period: 2 weeks Plant preparation: Kureha Horticultural cultivation soil (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / cultured soil 1 kg) manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd. 50 holes Packed in a cell tray, seeded with tomato “Momotaro” seeds, thinly covered with Kureha Horticultural soil, thoroughly irrigated with water and germinated. When the leaves of the second leaf stage were fully developed, the soil at the root of the tomato was carefully washed away with running water and subjected to the test.
The concentrations of the chemicals used and the treatment liquid are the same as in Example 1.
Application rate: foliar spray 10ml / strain soil irrigation 50ml / strain

<Salt stress tolerance test method>
The test plot and the control plot were cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydroponic solution used was tap water with NaCl added to a concentration of 3510 ppm. As shown in Table 1, although it is evaluated that stress is generated under the present test conditions, the plant stress resistance imparting rate for NaCl is clearly higher in the product of the present invention than in the comparative product, and the product of the present invention. Then, the plant stress tolerance imparting rate was 105% or more.

Example 5 Dry stress tolerance imparting test (potato: variety Toyoshiro)
Test method Non-drying stress test condition: Soil pF value 1.3 Other cultivation conditions are in accordance with the drying stress test condition.
Dry stress condition: soil pF value 2.3, 2.5, or 2.9, cultivation temperature: 23 ° C., relative humidity 50%, illuminance: 5000 Lux (fluorescent lamp), light / dark cycle: 16 hr / 8 hr
Cultivation period: 3 weeks Soil: Kureha Horticultural cultivation soil (Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / cultured soil 1 kg)
The applied chemicals and the treatment liquid are applied in the same manner as in Example 3.

<Drying stress tolerance test method>
In the glass greenhouse, Kureha Horticultural Culture Soil (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / 1 kg of culture soil) made by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd. was packed into a 60 cm planter and potato “Toyoshiro” seed pods were cut in half and sown 5 pieces at a time, and Kureha horticulture soil was thinly covered, and water was thoroughly sprinkled to allow germination. At the stage where the leaves at the 3 leaf stage were fully developed, the potato was moved to a plant culture shelf in a room where the temperature was controlled, and the test was started. A soil moisture meter (manufactured by Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is installed in the center of the planter, and while confirming the state of soil moisture, the pF value is 2.3, 2.5, or 2.9. Irrigation was performed several times a day. Immediately after the start of the test, the treatment liquid shown in Table 1 was sprayed on the foliage or treated to the underground part once a week. In addition, as a control group, a control group which does not give stress controlled so that the soil pF value is 1.3 [a control group for plant weight 2 of formula (ii) and a control group without drought stress] And a control plot that is irrigated so that the soil pF value is 2.3, 2.5, or 2.9 and is not fed with the treatment solution [a control plot for plant weight 1 of formula (ii), This is a control plot with drought stress]. In the test group and the control group, 5 individuals (1 planter) are prepared. After 3 weeks from the start of the test, the plant body is sampled so as not to cut the roots, the soil is washed away with running water, and the raw plant weight is measured. The plant stress rate and the plant stress tolerance imparting rate were calculated by the above formulas (ii) and (iii) as average values. As shown in Table 1, the plant stress rate is 111% or more, and it is evaluated that the stress is generated, but the plant stress resistance imparting rate for drying is clearer in the product of the present invention than in the comparative product. It became 105% or more in the product of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  A method for imparting plant stress resistance, comprising applying an organosilicon compound to a plant having a plant stress rate of 111 to 200%.   The method for imparting plant stress resistance according to claim 1, wherein the organosilicon compound is one or more organosilicon compounds selected from the group consisting of silicone oil and silicone surfactant.   Plant stress rate due to stress including at least one stress factor of salt stress due to salt concentration in soil or culture solution, drought stress due to moisture content in soil, and temperature stress due to temperature of cultivation environment The method for imparting plant stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cultivation condition of 111 to 200% is provided.   According to the cultivation conditions including at least one or more selected from the group having a water potential of 0.2 MPa or more due to salt stress, a soil pF value due to drought stress of 1.7 or more, and an average cultivation temperature due to temperature stress of 28 ° C. or more, The method for imparting plant stress resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein cultivation conditions with a plant stress rate of 111 to 200% are provided. The plant stress tolerance grant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organosilicon compound having a standard plant salt stress tolerance grant rate of 105% or more according to the following standard test is applied to an above-ground part or an underground part of a plant. Method.
<Standard test>
(I) Preparation of plant Culture soil (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g) / culture soil 1 kg) is packed in a 50-well cell tray and tomato “Momotaro” (Takii seedling) Seeds, cover the culture soil thinly, irrigate with sufficient water and germinate. When the leaves of the second leaf stage are fully developed, the soil at the root of the tomato is washed away with running water and used for the test.
(II) Setting of test conditions Environmental conditions are controlled at a temperature of 23 ° C., a relative humidity of 50%, an illuminance of 5000 Lux, and a light / dark cycle of 16 hours for a light period of 8 hours and a dark period of 8 hours. The tomato according to the above preparation is planted in a container containing 250 ml of a hydroponic solution [tap water added with NaCl to a concentration of 3510 ppm (water potential of 0.29 MPa with NaCl)].
(III) Treatment with plant stress tolerance imparting agent The following test group and control group 1 are prepared. In each of the test group and the control group 1, 10 individuals (20 individuals in total) are prepared, and the raw weight of the whole plant after two weeks is measured.
Test group: An aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion (concentration: 100 ppm) of an organosilicon compound is sprayed on the leaf surface at 10 ml per tomato strain.
Control group 1: NaCl is added to the hydroponic solution (salt stress is applied), but no organosilicon compound is added to the tomato.
(IV) Calculation of standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate (%) The standard plant salt stress tolerance imparting rate is calculated as follows using the average value of the raw weight of the whole plant obtained [Formula (i)].
Standard plant salt stress tolerance application rate (%) = Plant weight of test body / Plant weight of control group 1 × 100 (i)   A plant stress tolerance imparting agent used for a plant containing an organosilicon compound and having a plant stress rate of 111 to 200% under cultivation conditions.