CN114126939A - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114126939A
CN114126939A CN202080045583.3A CN202080045583A CN114126939A CN 114126939 A CN114126939 A CN 114126939A CN 202080045583 A CN202080045583 A CN 202080045583A CN 114126939 A CN114126939 A CN 114126939A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
engine
vehicle
voltage battery
low
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Granted
Application number
CN202080045583.3A
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English (en)
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CN114126939B (zh
Inventor
西广义祐
田原雅彦
望月政治
平野拓朗
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
JATCO Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
JATCO Ltd
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Publication of CN114126939A publication Critical patent/CN114126939A/zh
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Publication of CN114126939B publication Critical patent/CN114126939B/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆，目的在于，即使在是由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池的结构的情况下，也能够在极低温度时可靠地启动发动机。本发明的结构具有：由锂离子电池构成且向在车辆上搭载的电器元件供给电力的低压蓄电池、由锂离子电池构成且输出电压比低压蓄电池高的高压蓄电池、利用从高压蓄电池供给的电力进行工作且产生用于驱动车辆的扭矩的第一旋转电机、以及用于启动发动机的第二旋转电机，第二旋转电机利用从高压蓄电池供给的电力进行工作。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及具有高压蓄电池及低压蓄电池的车辆。
背景技术
在(日本)JP2013-95246A中，已经公开一种具有由锂离子电池形成的高压蓄电池、以及由铅酸电池形成的低压蓄电池的车辆。
发明内容
作为对搭载自动驾驶等功能的车辆的要求，对低压电源要求高可靠性。因此，考虑由可靠性高的锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池来替代铅酸电池，。
然而，锂离子电池具有低温时输出降低的特性。因此，例如在极低温度(例如－20℃～－30℃)时，由于锂离子电池的输出降低，启动发动机的马达的输出可能不足。
本发明是鉴于上述技术问题而提出的，目的在于，即使在由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池的情况下，也能够在极低温度时可靠地启动发动机。
根据本发明的一个方式，车辆的特征在于，具有：发动机、由锂离子电池构成且向在车辆上搭载的电器元件供给电力的第一蓄电池、由锂离子电池构成且输出电压比第一蓄电池高的第二蓄电池、利用从第二蓄电池供给的电力进行工作且产生用于驱动车辆的扭矩的第一旋转电机、以及用于启动发动机的第二旋转电机，第二旋转电机利用从第二蓄电池供给的电力进行工作。
根据上述方式，即使在由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池的情况下，也能够在极低温度时可靠地启动发动机。
附图说明
图1是本实施方式的车辆的结构概要图。
图2是表示本实施方式的充电控制的流程的流程图。
图3是本实施方式的车辆的变形例的结构概要图。
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图，针对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1是本发明的实施方式的车辆100的结构概要。车辆100具有：作为第一蓄电池的低压蓄电池1、作为第二蓄电池的高压蓄电池2、作为行驶用驱动源的发动机3、作为用于启动发动机3的第二旋转电机的起动马达5(下面称为“SM5”)、作为用于发电与发动机3的辅助及启动的第一旋转电机的起动发电机6(下面称为“SG6”)、DC-DC转换器7、逆变器8、作为油压产生源的机械油泵9及电动油泵10、构成动力传动系的液力变矩器11、前进后退切换机构12、无级变速器13(下面称为“CVT13”)及差速机构14、驱动轮18、以及控制器20。
低压蓄电池1是标称电压为DC12V的锂离子电池。低压蓄电池1向搭载在车辆100上、且以DC12V进行工作的电器元件15(用于自动驾驶的相机15a及传感器15b、导航系统15c、音响15d、空调用鼓风机15e等)、以及电动油泵10等供给电力。低压蓄电池1与电器元件15一起连接在低压回路16。
高压蓄电池2是标称电压(或输出电压)比低压蓄电池1高的DC48V的锂离子电池。高压蓄电池2的标称电压可以低于或高于该值，例如可以为DC30V及DC100V。高压蓄电池2与SM5、SG6、逆变器8等一起连接在高压回路17。
DC-DC转换器7设置在连接低压蓄电池1与高压蓄电池2的电路上。由此，低压回路16与高压回路17经由DC-DC转换器7而连接。DC-DC转换器7将输入的电压进行转换并输出。具体而言，DC-DC转换器7具有将低压回路16的DC12V升压至DC48V并向高压回路17输出DC48V的升压功能、以及将高压回路17的DC48V降压至DC12V并向低压回路16输出DC12V的降压功能。DC-DC转换器7不论发动机3是处于驱动中或者处于停止中，都能够向低压回路16输出DC12V的电压。另外，在高压蓄电池2的剩余电量较低的情况下，能够将低压回路16的DC12V升压至DC48V并向高压回路17输出，对高压蓄电池2进行充电。
发动机3是以汽油、轻油等为燃料的内燃机，基于来自控制器20的指令，对旋转速度、扭矩等进行控制。
液力变矩器11设置在发动机3与前进后退切换机构12之间的动力传递路径上，经由流体来传递动力。另外，液力变矩器11通过在车辆100以规定的锁止车速以上行驶的情况下联接锁止离合器11a，能够提高来自发动机3的驱动力的动力传递效率。
前进后退切换机构12设置在液力变矩器11与CVT13之间的动力传递路径上。前进后退切换机构12由行星齿轮机构12a、前进离合器12b及后退制动器12c构成。当前进离合器12b被联接且后退制动器12c被释放时，经由液力变矩器11向前进后退切换机构12输入的发动机3的旋转仍然维持旋转方向，从前进后退切换机构12向CVT13输出。反之，当前进离合器12b被释放且后退制动器12c被联接时，经由液力变矩器11向前进后退切换机构12输入的发动机3的旋转减速并反转旋转方向，从前进后退切换机构12向CVT13输出。
CVT13配置在前进后退切换机构12与差速机构14之间的动力传递路径上，根据车速及加速器踏板的操作量即加速器开度等，无级地改变变速比。CVT13具有：初级带轮13a、次级带轮13b、以及卷绕在两带轮上的带13c。CVT13由油压改变初级带轮13a与次级带轮13b的槽宽，使带轮13a、13b与带13c的接触半径发生变化，由此，能够无级地改变变速比。CVT13所需要的油压将机械油泵9或者电动油泵10产生的油压作为原始油压由未图示的油压回路生成。
SM5使小齿轮5a与发动机3的飞轮3a的外周齿轮3b可啮合地进行配置。在将发动机3从冷机状态开始启动(下面称为“初次启动”)的情况下，从高压蓄电池2向SM5供给电力，使小齿轮5a与外周齿轮3b啮合，使飞轮3a、乃至曲轴旋转。
需要说明的是，启动发动机3所需要的扭矩、输出在初次启动时最大，自热机状态的启动、即重新启动时比初次启动时小。这是因为，初次启动时发动机机油的温度较低，发动机机油的粘滞阻力较大，与此相对，在初次起动后，发动机机油的温度上升，发动机机油的粘滞阻力降低。后面叙述的SG6经由带进行驱动，所以不能传递较大的扭矩。因此，初次启动时，使用SM5来驱动发动机3。
SG6经由V形带22与发动机3的曲轴连接，在从发动机3接受旋转能量的情况下用作为发电机。这样发电产生的电力通过逆变器8，对高压蓄电池2进行充电。另外，SG6作为接受来自高压蓄电池2的电力的供给来旋转驱动的电动机而进行工作，产生用于辅助发动机3的驱动的扭矩。此外，SG6用于在从怠速停止状态重新启动发动机3时，旋转驱动发动机3的曲轴，从而将发动机3重新启动。因为SG6由V形带22与发动机3的曲轴连接，所以在启动发动机3时，没有齿轮的啮合声，能够安静且平稳地启动。因此，重新启动时，使用SG6来驱动发动机3。
机械油泵9是通过经由链条23传递发动机3的旋转来进行工作的油泵。机械油泵9汲取在油底壳中贮存的工作油，经由未图示的油压回路，向锁止离合器11a、前进后退切换机构12以及CVT13供给油。
电动油泵10是利用从低压蓄电池1供给的电力进行工作的油泵。电动油泵10在怠速停止状态等发动机3停止、不能由发动机3驱动机械油泵9的情况下进行工作，与机械油泵9相同地汲取在油底壳中贮存的工作油，经由未图示的油压回路，向锁止离合器11a、前进后退切换机构12及CVT13供给油。特别是通过确保CVT13所需要的油压，抑制带13c打滑。电动油泵10也可以是利用从高压蓄电池2供给的电力进行工作的油泵。
控制器20由具有中央运算装置(CPU)、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)以及输入输出接口(I/O接口)的一台或者多台微型计算机构成。控制器20对应于控制装置，由CPU执行在ROM或者RAM中存储的程序，由此，对发动机3、逆变器8(SG6、电动油泵10)、DC-DC转换器7、SM5、锁止离合器11a、前进后退切换机构12、以及CVT13等统一进行控制。
另外，控制器20基于由第一剩余电量检测器31检测出的低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1、以及由第二剩余电量检测器32检测出的高压蓄电池2的剩余电量SOC2，进行低压蓄电池1及高压蓄电池2的充电控制、以及SG6的发电控制。需要说明的是，在本实施方式中，第一剩余电量检测器31相当于蓄电池剩余电量检查装置。
如上所述，在本实施方式中，由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池1与高压蓄电池2。
通常，在具有低压蓄电池与高压蓄电池的车辆中，在行驶中由低压蓄电池与DC-DC转换器的双重系统来保证低压系统。而且以往，使用铅酸电池作为上述低压蓄电池。
例如，在自动驾驶的情况下，对低压系统也要求高可靠性。然而，铅酸电池与锂离子电池相比，难以掌握电池的劣化及电量，可靠性比锂离子电池低。因此，如以往那样使用铅酸电池作为低压蓄电池1的情况下，需要提高对DC-DC转换器7的可靠性配比，所以将需要高性能的DC-DC转换器7。由此，将增加成本。
因此，在本实施方式的车辆100中，由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池1。由此，能够使对DC-DC转换器7的可靠性配比降低，所以不需要高性能的DC-DC转换器7。由此，能够抑制成本增加。
然而，锂离子电池在极低温度(例如，气温－20℃～－30℃)环境下，性能比铅酸电池差。因此，当使SM5的电源为低压蓄电池1时，在极低温度时输出不足，可能无法启动发动机3。因此，在本实施方式中，使SM5的电源为高压蓄电池2。由此，能够在极低温度时确保发动机3的启动所需要的电力。
这样，通过由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池1，此外使SM5的电源为高压蓄电池2，能够应用在对电源系统要求可靠性的车辆上，并且能够在极低温度时可靠地启动发动机3。
可是，在点火开关断开(OFF)时(例如停车时)，利用低压蓄电池1的电力用于电器元件15(例如时钟等)的后备，所以，随着时间的推移，低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降低。因此，在本实施方式的车辆100中，控制器20在点火开关断开时，在低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降低的情况下，执行使用高压蓄电池2对低压蓄电池1进行充电的充电控制。下面，针对该充电控制，参照图2所示的流程图，具体地进行说明。
在步骤S1中，控制器20判定点火开关是否断开。当点火开关断开时，进入步骤S2，当点火开关接通(ON)时，进入步骤S8，进行通常的充电控制。
在步骤S2中，控制器20判定剩余电量SOC1是否为规定值E1以下。控制器20判定由第一剩余电量检测器31检测出的低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1是否为规定值E1以下。当剩余电量SOC1为规定值E1以下时，进入步骤S3，当剩余电量SOC1比规定值E1大时，进入END(结束)。
在步骤S3中，控制器20起动DC-DC转换器7。在点火开关断开时，因为DC-DC转换器7已停止，所以起动DC-DC转换器7。
在步骤S4中，控制器20开始充电。具体而言，控制器20对DC-DC转换器7进行控制，使用高压蓄电池2开始对低压蓄电池1进行充电。DC-DC转换器7将从高压蓄电池2通过高压回路17而输入的电压转换为DC12V，并向低压回路16输出。由此，能够对低压蓄电池1进行充电。
在步骤S5中，控制器20判定剩余电量SOC2是否为规定值E2以下。控制器20判定由第二剩余电量检测器32检测出的高压蓄电池2的剩余电量SOC2是否为规定值E2以下。当剩余电量SOC2为规定值E2以下时，中止充电控制并进入步骤S7，当剩余电量SOC2比规定值E2大时，进入步骤S6。
在步骤S6中，控制器20判定充电是否已完成。具体而言，控制器20判定由第一剩余电量检测器31检测出的低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1是否为规定值E3以上。当低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1为规定值E3以上时，进入步骤S7，当低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1不足规定值E3时，返回步骤S5。
在步骤S7中，控制器20将DC-DC转换器7停止。由此，结束充电控制。
这样，在本实施方式中，控制器20在点火开关断开时也监测低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1。而且，在点火开关断开时，在检测出低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降至低于规定值E1的情况下，控制器20使DC-DC转换器7起动，利用高压蓄电池2的电力对低压蓄电池1进行充电。由此，例如在长时间停车的情况下，可以继续作为电器元件15的后备等。
需要说明的是，控制器20在点火开关断开时，不需要一直监测低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1，也可以每隔一定时间来检测低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1。
另外，锂离子电池防备过放电等万一的情况而具有用于切断回路的继电器。通过使该继电器为自锁式继电器，不需要一直对继电器通电，所以，在点火开关断开时，能够抑制低压蓄电池1的电力消耗。
在上述实施例中，针对在检测出低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降至低于规定值E1的情况下利用高压蓄电池2的电力对低压蓄电池1进行充电的情况进行了说明，但也可以在检测出高压蓄电池2的剩余电量SOC2降至低于规定值E2的情况下，利用低压蓄电池1的电力对高压蓄电池2进行充电。在该情况下，DC-DC转换器7将从低压蓄电池1通过低压回路16而输入的电压转换为DC48V并向高压回路17输出。由此，能够对高压蓄电池2进行充电。
这样，根据本实施方式，由锂离子电池构成低压蓄电池1，此外，使SM5的电源为高压蓄电池2，由此，也可以应用在对电源系统要求可靠性的车辆中，并且能够在极低温度时可靠地启动发动机3。
另外，在本实施方式中，因为只由锂离子电池构成蓄电池(低压蓄电池1及高压蓄电池2)，所以，电源系统的可靠性提高。
此外，在点火开关断开时也能够由高压蓄电池2对低压蓄电池1进行充电，所以，例如在长时间停车的情况下，能够继续作为电器元件15的后备等。
在此，参照图3，针对本实施方式的变形例进行说明。
需要说明的是，在下面，以与图1所示的结构的不同之处为中心进行说明，对于与图1所示的结构相同的结构，使用相同的标记，适当省略说明。
图3所示的车辆100还具有电动发电机4(下面称为“MG4”)作为行驶用驱动源。
MG4是在转子埋入永磁体、在定子卷绕定子线圈的同步式旋转电机。MG4经由在MG4的轴设置的链轮与在初级带轮13a的轴设置的链轮之间卷绕的链条21，与初级带轮13a的轴连接。MG4通过基于来自控制器20的指令施加由逆变器8产生的三相交流电来进行控制。
MG4作为接受来自高压蓄电池2的电力供给进行旋转驱动的电动机而工作，产生用于驱动车辆100的扭矩。另外，MG4在转子从发动机3或驱动轮18接受旋转能量的情况下，可以用作为在定子线圈的两端产生电动势的发电机，对高压蓄电池2进行充电。需要说明的是，MG4相当于第一旋转电机。
在MG4的轴设置的链轮与在初级带轮13a的轴设置的链轮使后者的齿数较多地构成(例如，齿数＝1:3)，使MG4的输出旋转减速，并向初级带轮13a传递。由此，降低MG4所要求的扭矩，使MG4小型化，提高MG4的配置自由度。需要说明的是，也可以替代链条21而使用齿轮系。
接着，对上述实施方式的作用效果进行总结说明。
本实施方式的车辆100具有：发动机3、由锂离子电池构成且向在车辆100上搭载的电器元件15供给电力的第一蓄电池(低压蓄电池1)、由锂离子电池构成且输出电压比第一蓄电池(低压蓄电池1)高的第二蓄电池(高压蓄电池2)、利用从第二蓄电池(高压蓄电池2)供给的电力进行工作且产生用于驱动车辆100的扭矩的第一旋转电机(SG6、MG4)、以及用于启动发动机3的第二旋转电机(SM5)，第二旋转电机(SM5)利用从第二蓄电池(高压蓄电池2)供给的电力进行工作。
根据该结构，即使第一蓄电池(低压蓄电池1)由锂离子电池构成，也因为用于启动发动机3的第二旋转电机(SM5)与输出电压比第一蓄电池(低压蓄电池1)高的第二蓄电池(高压蓄电池2)连接，所以在极低温度时也能够可靠地启动发动机3。
此外，因为第一蓄电池(低压蓄电池1)及第二蓄电池(高压蓄电池2)由锂离子电池构成，所以，电源系统的可靠性提高。
另外，在车辆100中，作为第一旋转电机而具有SG6，该SG6在从高压蓄电池2供给电力的情况下，能够产生用于启动发动机3或辅助发动机3的驱动的扭矩，在从发动机3接受旋转能量的情况下，能够产生用于对低压蓄电池1及高压蓄电池2进行充电的电力。
因为SG6没有齿轮的啮合声，所以，通过在重新启动时使用SG6来驱动发动机3，能够安静且平稳地启动。
在车辆100中，作为第一旋转电机而具有MG4，该MG4在从高压蓄电池2供给电力的情况下，能够产生用于驱动驱动轮18的扭矩，在存在来自驱动轮18或发动机3的输入的情况下，能够产生用于对低压蓄电池1及高压蓄电池2进行充电的电力。
具有MG4的车辆100是所谓的强混合动力汽车，因为装备有高压蓄电池2，所以能够共享MG4与SM5的蓄电池。
车辆100还具有：设置在连接低压蓄电池1与高压蓄电池2的电路上且将输入的电压进行转换并输出的DC-DC转换器7、检查低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1的第一剩余电量检测器31(蓄电池剩余电量检查装置)、以及进行低压蓄电池1及高压蓄电池2的充电控制的控制器20(控制装置)。
控制器20在点火开关断开时，在检测出由第一剩余电量检测器31检查到的低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降至低于规定值E1的情况下，使DC-DC转换器7起动，利用高压蓄电池2的电力对低压蓄电池1进行充电。
在点火开关断开时(例如停车时)，因为利用低压蓄电池1的电力用于电器元件15(例如时钟等)的后备，所以，低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降低。因此，控制器20在点火开关断开时，在低压蓄电池1的剩余电量SOC1降低的情况下，使用高压蓄电池2对低压蓄电池1进行充电。由此，例如在长时间停车的情况下，也能够继续作为电器元件15的后备等。
上面，针对本发明的实施方式进行了说明，但上述实施方式只是表示了本发明的应用例之一，并非旨在将本发明的技术范围限定于上述实施方式的具体结构。
本申请基于2019年6月21日在日本提交的第2019-115813号专利申请主张优先权，该申请的所有内容通过引用而包含在本说明书中。

Claims (4)

1.一种车辆，其特征在于，具有：
发动机；
第一蓄电池，其由锂离子电池构成，向在车辆上搭载的电器元件供给电力；
第二蓄电池，其由锂离子电池构成，输出电压比所述第一蓄电池高；
第一旋转电机，其利用从所述第二蓄电池供给的电力进行工作，产生用于驱动所述车辆的扭矩；
第二旋转电机，其用于启动所述发动机；
所述第二旋转电机利用从所述第二蓄电池供给的电力进行工作。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，
具有起动发电机作为所述第一旋转电机，所述起动发电机在从所述第二蓄电池供给电力的情况下，能够产生用于启动所述发动机、或辅助所述发动机的驱动的扭矩，在从所述发动机接受旋转能量的情况下，能够产生用于对所述第一蓄电池及所述第二蓄电池进行充电的电力。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其特征在于，
具有电动发电机作为所述第一旋转电机，所述电动发电机在从所述第二蓄电池供给电力的情况下，能够产生用于驱动驱动轮的扭矩，在存在来自所述驱动轮或所述发动机的输入的情况下，能够产生用于对所述第一蓄电池及所述第二蓄电池进行充电的电力。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，还具有：
DC-DC转换器，其设置在连接所述第一蓄电池与所述第二蓄电池的电路上，将输入的电压进行转换并输出；
蓄电池剩余电量检查装置，其检查所述第一蓄电池的剩余电量；
控制装置，其进行所述第一蓄电池及所述第二蓄电池的充电控制；
所述控制装置在点火开关断开时，在检测出由所述蓄电池剩余电量检查装置检查的所述第一蓄电池的剩余电量降至低于规定值的情况下，使所述DC-DC转换器起动，利用所述第二蓄电池的电力对所述第一蓄电池进行充电。
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