CN1140554C - 制备丙烯聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
制备丙烯聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1140554C CN1140554C CNB988082896A CN98808289A CN1140554C CN 1140554 C CN1140554 C CN 1140554C CN B988082896 A CNB988082896 A CN B988082896A CN 98808289 A CN98808289 A CN 98808289A CN 1140554 C CN1140554 C CN 1140554C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- gas
- propylene
- phase reactor
- gpr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
- C08F297/083—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins the monomers being ethylene or propylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F10/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/00094—Jackets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/00128—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling by evaporation of reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00184—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the weight of reactants in the reactor vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2308/00—Chemical blending or stepwise polymerisation process with the same catalyst
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI972728A FI111845B (fi) | 1997-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Menetelmä propeenin homopolymeerien ja iskulujuudeltaan modifioitujen polymeerien valmistamiseksi |
FI972728 | 1997-06-24 | ||
FI972727A FI111847B (fi) | 1997-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Menetelmä propeenin kopolymeerien valmistamiseksi |
FI972727 | 1997-06-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1267311A CN1267311A (zh) | 2000-09-20 |
CN1140554C true CN1140554C (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
Family
ID=26160409
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB988082896A Expired - Lifetime CN1140554C (zh) | 1997-06-24 | 1998-06-24 | 制备丙烯聚合物的方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JP2002504954A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1140554C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7921198A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998058976A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (96)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI111955B (fi) * | 1999-12-27 | 2003-10-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Propeenipolymeerit, joilla on erittäin korkea sulavirta |
DE10025727A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 | 2002-01-03 | Basell Polypropylen Gmbh | Hochfließfähige Propylenblockcopolymerisate |
GB0111020D0 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2001-06-27 | Borealis Tech Oy | Process |
DE60114464T2 (de) * | 2001-06-27 | 2006-07-20 | Borealis Technology Oy | Propylenpolymerharz mit verbesserten Eigenschaften |
DE60239297D1 (de) * | 2002-06-25 | 2011-04-07 | Borealis Tech Oy | Polyolefin mit verbesserter kratzfestigkeit und verfahren zu seiner herstelung |
ES2309445T3 (es) | 2004-12-17 | 2008-12-16 | Borealis Technology Oy | Proceso para la polimerizacion de olefinas en presencia de un catalizador de polimerizacion de las mismas. |
ATE509967T1 (de) | 2007-06-14 | 2011-06-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Verfahren zur herstellung von propylen- copolymeren mit hilfe eines vorpolymerisierten katalysators |
US7910679B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-03-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Bulk homogeneous polymerization process for ethylene propylene copolymers |
EP2322568B1 (fr) | 2009-11-13 | 2013-05-15 | Borealis AG | Procédé pour la production d'un catalyseur de polymérisation d'oléfine |
CN102686613B (zh) | 2009-11-13 | 2014-08-13 | 博瑞立斯有限公司 | 用于回收过渡金属化合物的方法 |
US8501881B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2013-08-06 | Borealis Ag | Process for olefin polymerization |
WO2011058089A1 (fr) | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Borealis Ag | Procédé de production d'un catalyseur de polymérisation |
EP2341087B1 (fr) | 2009-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | Borealis AG | Nouvelle manière de produire un grade de polypropylène dans un processus séquentiel |
ES2385142T3 (es) | 2010-04-21 | 2012-07-18 | Borealis Ag | Composición de copolímero o propileno/1-hexeno con ventana de sellado amplia |
PL2561016T3 (pl) | 2010-04-21 | 2015-10-30 | Borealis Ag | Kompozycja kopolimeru propylenowo-1-heksenowego o niskiej temperaturze zgrzewania |
EP2402376A1 (fr) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-04 | Borealis AG | Procédé de production d'un catalyseur prépolymérisé, ledit catalyseur prépolymérisé et son utilisation pour produire un polymère |
EP2433982B1 (fr) | 2010-09-28 | 2014-12-03 | Borealis AG | Composition avec une facteur de dissipation tan "delta" basse |
EP2661466B1 (fr) | 2011-01-03 | 2016-03-30 | Borealis AG | Matériau d'étanchéité en polypropylène à point de fusion élevé |
EP2661465B1 (fr) | 2011-01-03 | 2016-04-06 | Borealis AG | Matériau d'étanchéité en polypropylène, à performance optique améliorée |
CN102585350A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐应力发白抗冲聚丙烯组合物 |
CN102585351A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐应力发白抗冲聚丙烯组合物 |
CN102585352A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐应力发白抗冲聚丙烯组合物 |
ES2527333T5 (es) | 2011-02-14 | 2021-08-02 | Borealis Ag | Copolímero de propileno sellador |
PT2540499E (pt) | 2011-06-27 | 2014-03-06 | Borealis Ag | Película polimérica de multi-camada orientada biaxialmente |
EP2540497B1 (fr) | 2011-06-27 | 2014-08-06 | Borealis AG | Film coulé multicouche |
ES2478020T3 (es) | 2011-06-27 | 2014-07-18 | Borealis Ag | Película soplada multi-capa |
PL2562215T3 (pl) | 2011-08-26 | 2016-09-30 | Mieszanka polipropylenowa do rur | |
ES2605038T3 (es) | 2011-10-31 | 2017-03-10 | Borealis Ag | Mezcla de polipropileno con mejor balance entre SIT y punto de fusión |
EP2610274A1 (fr) | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-03 | Borealis AG | Copolymère aléatoire en propylène |
EP2719725B1 (fr) | 2012-10-11 | 2018-12-05 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Composition de polypropylène nucléé pour récipients |
PL2746336T3 (pl) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-09-29 | Borealis Ag | Mieszanka polipropylenowa do rur ciśnieniowych |
EP2796500B1 (fr) | 2013-04-22 | 2018-04-18 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Composition de copolymère aléatoire de propylène pour applications de tuyau |
EP2796502A1 (fr) | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-29 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Composition de copolymère aléatoire de propylène pour applications de tuyau |
TR201808436T4 (tr) | 2013-04-22 | 2018-07-23 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Co Ltd Borouge | Boru uygulamaları için geliştirilmiş darbe dayanımına sahip polipropilen kompozisyonu. |
EP2813517B2 (fr) | 2013-06-10 | 2019-06-26 | Borealis AG | Procédé de préparation d'un polymère ds propylène |
ES2612627T3 (es) | 2013-07-24 | 2017-05-17 | Borealis Ag | Proceso |
EP2829556B1 (fr) | 2013-07-24 | 2016-11-16 | Borealis AG | Procédé |
EP3033389B1 (fr) | 2013-08-14 | 2017-10-11 | Borealis AG | Composition de propylène présentant une meilleure résistance aux chocs à basse température |
CA2919745C (fr) | 2013-08-21 | 2018-08-07 | Borealis Ag | Composition polyolefinique haute fluidite, a rigidite et tenacite elevees |
US9890275B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2018-02-13 | Borealis Ag | High flow polyolefin composition with high stiffness and toughness |
ES2587781T3 (es) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-10-26 | Borealis Ag | Películas adecuadas para procesamiento BOPP de polímeros con altos XS y alta Tm |
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ES2661108T3 (es) | 2013-10-24 | 2018-03-27 | Borealis Ag | Homopolímero de polipropileno de bajo punto de fusión con alto contenido de regioerrores y alto peso molecular |
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WO2015082379A1 (fr) | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | Borealis Ag | Homopolymères pp exempts de phtalates pour fibres extrudées soufflées |
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WO2015101593A1 (fr) | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-09 | Borealis Ag | Procédé de production de terpolymère de propylène |
US10227427B2 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2019-03-12 | Borealis Ag | Process for preparing propylene/1-butene copolymers |
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CN112225997B (zh) | 2014-02-06 | 2023-09-22 | 北欧化工公司 | 高冲击强度的柔性共聚物 |
EP2907841A1 (fr) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-19 | Borealis AG | Composition de polypropylène |
EP2913346B1 (fr) | 2014-02-28 | 2016-11-02 | Borealis AG | Procédé de polymérisation d'oléfines dans un lit fluidisé |
EP2913345B1 (fr) | 2014-02-28 | 2016-11-02 | Borealis AG | Procédé de polymérisation en phase gazeuse |
EP2933291A1 (fr) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-21 | Borealis AG | Composition de copolymère de propylène pour toyaux |
EP2947118B1 (fr) | 2014-05-20 | 2017-11-29 | Borealis AG | Composition de polypropylène pour des applications d'intérieur d'automobile |
ES2673428T3 (es) | 2015-06-12 | 2018-06-21 | Borealis Ag | Procedimiento y aparato para la polimerización de olefinas en fase gaseosa |
US10233271B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2019-03-19 | Borealis Ag | Process for producing propylene polymer compositions |
EP3184167B8 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2022-03-30 | Borealis AG | Procédé de renvoi de polymère à un réacteur à lit fluidisé |
EP3184166A1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-28 | Borealis AG | Procédé pour retirer des agglomérats à partir d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé |
WO2017178046A1 (fr) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Borealis Ag | Article moulé par injection à base d'homopolymère de propylène |
EP3241611B1 (fr) | 2016-05-02 | 2020-03-04 | Borealis AG | Procédé d'alimentation d'un catalyseur de polymérisation |
US20190211117A1 (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2019-07-11 | Borealis Ag | Solid catalyst for the preparation of nucleated polyolefins |
EP3625274B1 (fr) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-05-26 | Borealis AG | Copolymères c3c4 nucléés et terpolymères c3c4c2 nucléés |
WO2018210476A1 (fr) | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-22 | Borealis Ag | Composition de polyoléfine hétérophasique présentant d'excellentes propriétés optiques |
EP3418308B1 (fr) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-03-11 | Borealis AG | Procédé, système et utilisation d'un agencement pour la polymérisation d'oléfines |
EP3418309A1 (fr) | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-26 | Borealis AG | Procédé, agencement et utilisation d'un agencement de préparation de polymère |
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CN109135067A (zh) | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 阿布扎比聚合物有限责任公司(博禄) | 用于制造高压管的聚丙烯组合物 |
EP3483189A1 (fr) | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-15 | Borealis AG | Procédé automatisé permettant de mettre fin à une réaction de polymérisation d'oléfines dans des conditions d'urgence |
ES2795985T3 (es) | 2017-11-17 | 2020-11-25 | Borealis Ag | Procedimiento de división del gas de fluidización de retorno en un reactor de polimerización de olefinas de gas sólidos |
EP3486261B1 (fr) | 2017-11-17 | 2020-06-24 | Borealis AG | Procédé pour améliorer la capacité de refroidissement d'un réacteur de polymérisation d'oléfine de solides de gaz |
WO2019141462A1 (fr) | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | Borealis Ag | Copolymères en c3-c4 nucléés |
PL3567061T3 (pl) | 2018-05-09 | 2024-02-26 | Borealis Ag | Kompozycja polipropylenowa dla rur |
US20210130508A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2021-05-06 | Borealis Ag | Process for polymerizing olefin in a gas phase reactor with improved thermal homogeneity |
TWI785263B (zh) | 2018-08-02 | 2022-12-01 | 奧地利商柏列利斯股份公司 | 在多階段式聚合方法中聚合乙烯之方法 |
ES2842924T3 (es) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-07-15 | Borealis Ag | Película multicapa |
CN112912244B (zh) | 2018-09-26 | 2022-10-14 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 多层膜 |
BR112021003474A2 (pt) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-05-18 | Borealis Ag | copolímero de propileno com excelentes propriedades ópticas |
WO2020064313A1 (fr) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Borealis Ag | Copolymère statistique de propylène destiné à être utilisé dans des applications de film |
EP3856837A1 (fr) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-08-04 | Borealis AG | Composition de copolymère de propylène présentant d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et optiques |
WO2020104145A1 (fr) | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | Borealis Ag | Composition de polypropylène présentant des propriétés optiques et une résistance au blanchiment améliorées |
EP3980177A1 (fr) | 2019-06-04 | 2022-04-13 | Borealis AG | Processus et ensemble réacteur pour l'amélioration de l'hydrodynamique dans un réacteur à lit fluidisé à gaz-solides |
EP3825357A1 (fr) | 2019-11-25 | 2021-05-26 | Borealis AG | Composition de propylène pour moussage présentant des propriétés mécaniques améliorées |
EP3868793A1 (fr) | 2020-02-24 | 2021-08-25 | Borealis AG | Procédé de production de polymères d'alpha-oléfine dans un processus de polymérisation à plusieurs étapes |
CN114380932B (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2024-03-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 软质聚丙烯及其制备方法 |
MX2023006101A (es) | 2020-11-27 | 2023-06-06 | Borealis Ag | Sistema de alimentacion de catalizador. |
JP2024505140A (ja) | 2021-01-22 | 2024-02-05 | ボレアリス エージー | 繊維強化ポリプロピレン組成物 |
CN117396525A (zh) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-01-12 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 一种制备异相丙烯树脂的方法 |
CN117377704A (zh) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-01-09 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 共聚物 |
EP4166581A1 (fr) | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-19 | Borealis AG | Composition de propylène pour la production de mousse dotée d'un taux de fluidité à l'état fondu élevé |
WO2023062108A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-20 | Borealis Ag | Procédé de formation d'un composant de catalyseur ziegler-natta |
WO2023180223A1 (fr) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-28 | Borealis Ag | Composition de polypropylène renforcée par des fibres de verre |
EP4257640A1 (fr) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-10-11 | Borealis AG | Tuyau comprenant une composition de polypropylène |
EP4286476A1 (fr) | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-06 | Borealis AG | Composite de fibre de verre |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5865710A (ja) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-04-19 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | ポリオレフインの製造法 |
US4740551A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1988-04-26 | Shell Oil Company | Multistage copolymerization process |
US4740550A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1988-04-26 | Shell Oil Company | Multistage copolymerization process |
JP2782826B2 (ja) * | 1989-08-28 | 1998-08-06 | 三菱化学株式会社 | プロピレン―エチレンブロック共重合体の製造方法 |
DE69606188T2 (de) * | 1995-10-10 | 2000-06-08 | Borealis A S Lyngby | Verfahren zur herstellung von propylen homo- oder copolymeren |
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 JP JP50385499A patent/JP2002504954A/ja active Pending
- 1998-06-24 AU AU79211/98A patent/AU7921198A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-24 CN CNB988082896A patent/CN1140554C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-24 WO PCT/FI1998/000554 patent/WO1998058976A1/fr active Application Filing
-
2008
- 2008-02-13 JP JP2008031270A patent/JP5072637B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1267311A (zh) | 2000-09-20 |
AU7921198A (en) | 1999-01-04 |
WO1998058976A1 (fr) | 1998-12-30 |
JP5072637B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 |
JP2002504954A (ja) | 2002-02-12 |
JP2008121028A (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
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