CN113951032A - Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden locust cultivation method - Google Patents

Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden locust cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113951032A
CN113951032A CN202111226256.0A CN202111226256A CN113951032A CN 113951032 A CN113951032 A CN 113951032A CN 202111226256 A CN202111226256 A CN 202111226256A CN 113951032 A CN113951032 A CN 113951032A
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planting
year
seedlings
cultivation method
sophora japonica
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CN113951032B (en
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史艳财
邓丽丽
秦惠珍
韦霄
蒋运生
熊忠臣
韦记青
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Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden pagoda tree cultivation method, which comprises the steps of intensively cultivating annual golden pagoda tree grafted seedlings, increasing the shaping and trimming frequency from the first year to the third year of planting, digging out the shaped golden pagoda tree seedlings at the end of the third year or at the beginning of the fourth year, cutting off main roots and other roots with the diameter larger than 0.5cm from a base part, soaking the reserved roots in a rooting solution, and transplanting and planting. The method of the invention has the advantages of intensive cultivation in the early stage, land cost and management cost saving, convenient and fast formation of high-yield tree forms through intensive shaping and pruning, pruning of the main roots before transplanting and avoiding shoot rushing of the sophora japonica.

Description

Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden locust cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of golden pagodatree, in particular to a cost-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method of golden pagodatree.
Background
The dried flower bud of pagoda tree (Sophora japonica L.) belonging to the family Leguminosae is a special traditional Chinese medicine material, is rich in rutin, luteolin and other chemical components, and the rutin can keep the normal tension of capillary vessels, reduce the permeability of the capillary vessels, restore the normal elasticity of the bleeding capillary vessels due to increased brittleness, has the effects of resisting inflammation, relieving spasm, resisting ulcer, inhibiting bacteria, fungi and viruses and absorbing ultraviolet rays, is widely applied to medicines, health-care foods and cosmetics, and has high commercial value. Compared with other plants, the sophora flower bud has high rutin content and low extraction cost, and is a main raw material for industrially extracting rutin.
The golden pagodatree is a branch of numerous pagodatree species, grows in the northwest of Guizhou and south Hunan province, and is named as golden pagodatree because the produced pagodatree flower buds are golden yellow. The rutin content of the golden pagodatree flower bud in the whole state in Guangxi is between 35% and 37%, and some rutin content is even as high as 46%, which is far higher than the standard limit of 15% in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2005 edition), and is the best product in the pagodatree flower bud. The whole county is the best production place for producing high-quality sophora japonica and has irreplaceable regional advantages. The special natural factors such as soil texture, climate, etc. make the high quality of the 'gold pagodatree flower bud'. 98% of the sophora japonica in the international market comes from China, the annual demand is more than 15000 tons, and the total yield of the sophora japonica in China is only 9000 tons at present, so that the demand of the international market is far from being met. Within the next 20 years, the demand trend of sophora japonica is expected to increase by 20% year by year. Therefore, the robinia pseudoacacia industry has very good development prospect.
At present, the planting area of the golden pagoda tree in the county of the State is 27 ten thousand mu, but according to investigation, the planting method adopted by pagoda farmers is to plant annual grafted seedlings, about 50 plants are planted in each mu, the planting can be carried out in 4-5 years, the land resources are not fully utilized, the early-stage investment cost is high, the phenomena of tip washing and the like are serious, and the high yield can be realized in a long time.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden pagoda tree cultivation method aiming at the problems of high early-stage investment cost, poor planting effect and long time for realizing high yield in the existing golden pagoda tree planting process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) planting annual graft robinia pseudoacacia seedlings in 3-4 months, setting the row spacing and the spacing of the graft robinia pseudoacacia seedlings to be 1m, digging planting holes before planting, and applying farmyard manure in each hole;
(2) pruning the first three young trees: selecting 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots after a grafted seedling of the robinia pseudoacacia sprouts germinates, reserving the 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots, wiping the rest young shoots, topping when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 60cm, reserving 10-15 cm, and immediately applying a compound fertilizer after topping; repeating the operations of topping and fertilizing for 3-4 times in the first year of field planting of the grafted robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, repeating for 3 times in the second year and repeating for 2-3 times in the third year to obtain shaped robinia pseudoacacia seedlings;
(3) digging out the shaped Sophora japonica seedlings at the end of the third year or at the beginning of the fourth year, keeping the root systems as complete as possible during digging, then cutting off the main roots and other root systems with the diameter larger than 0.5cm from the base part, and then soaking the reserved root systems in a rooting solution;
(4) planting: and (3) field planting in the selected garden, excavating field planting holes according to the row spacing and the space of 2m, field planting the robinia pseudoacacia seedlings processed in the step (3), wherein the backfill soil is mixed soil of chicken manure and soil.
Preferably, the planting hole in the step (1) is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm in specification.
Preferably, 1.5-2.5 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole in the step (1); more preferably, 2kg of farmyard manure is applied in each hole;
preferably, the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is a water-soluble compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 15:15:15, 150g of the compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, and the compound fertilizer is uniformly irrigated to the base of the plant after being dissolved in water;
preferably, the rooting solution in the step (3) contains 50mg/L of ABT1 rooting powder 50mg/L, ABT2 rooting powder, and the time for soaking the root system in the rooting solution is 1.5-2.5 h; more preferably, the time for soaking the root system in the rooting solution is 2 h.
Preferably, the size of the planting holes in step (4) is 1m × 1m × 0.8 m.
Preferably, the mixed soil in the step (4) is obtained by mixing decomposed chicken manure and soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) and the land cost and the management cost are saved by intensive cultivation in the earlier stage:
the planting method has the advantages that the early-stage intensive planting is carried out, the row spacing of the grafted seedlings of the acacia plants planted in the first to third years is only 1m, about 650 plants can be planted in each mu, only the original 1/4 land is needed, and 3-year land renting can be continuously saved, so that the land renting cost is greatly reduced. In addition, the seedlings are planted densely, the operation is more convenient during topping and shaping, and more labor cost can be reduced.
(2) The intensive shaping pruning in earlier stage can be convenient for form the high-yield tree form fast:
the conventional pruning method of the golden locust tree in the juvenile period is 1-time pruning in 1 year, and according to the method, a high-yield tree form can be formed only after 6-7 years, the first year of transplanting and planting in the method can be put into production in a small scale, and the high-yield period can be reached after 2-3 years.
(3) Avoiding the occurrence of shoot rushing of the golden locust:
the root system of the golden pagodatree grows fast, the main root is developed by the conventional planting method, the shoot is easy to rush at the later period, and the golden pagodatree form is basically formed after the golden pagodatree is shaped for 3 years and can be used for generation. Meanwhile, the main roots are cut off and transplanted, the germination of the lateral roots of the plants is promoted, the absorption of nutrition is facilitated, the vegetative growth is converted into reproductive growth, and high yield is easily obtained.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 cost-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method of Sophora japonica
(1) In 3 middle-late months in 2017, commercially available annual robinia pseudoacacia grafted seedlings are purchased and planted, the row spacing and the space between the grafted seedlings are set to be 1m, planting holes with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 40cm are dug before planting, and 1.5kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole;
(2) pruning the first three young trees: selecting 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots after grafted seedlings of the golden locust germinate, reserving the young shoots, wiping the rest young shoots, topping when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 60cm, reserving the young shoots for 10cm, immediately applying water-soluble compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are 15:15: 15:15 after topping, applying 150g of compound fertilizers to each plant, and uniformly irrigating the plant base after dissolving the compound fertilizers in water; repeating topping and fertilizing operations for 4 times in the first year of field planting of grafted Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, 3 times in the second year and 2 times in the third year to obtain shaped Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings
(3) In the last 3 months of 2020, digging out the shaped Sophora japonica seedlings, keeping the root systems as complete as possible during digging, then cutting off the main roots and other root systems with the diameter larger than 0.5cm from the base parts, and soaking the reserved root systems in rooting liquid for 1.5h, wherein the rooting liquid contains 50mg/L of ABT1 rooting powder 50mg/L, ABT2 rooting powder;
(3) planting: and (3) field planting in the selected garden, excavating field planting holes with the specification of 1m multiplied by 0.8m according to the line spacing and the space of 2m, field planting the robinia pseudoacacia seedlings processed in the step (3), and backfilling mixed soil, wherein the mixed soil is obtained by mixing decomposed chicken manure and soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 2.
Example 2 cost-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method of Sophora japonica
(1) In 3 middle-late months in 2017, commercially available annual robinia pseudoacacia grafted seedlings are purchased and planted, the row spacing and the space between the grafted seedlings are set to be 1m, planting holes with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 40cm are dug before planting, and 2kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole;
(2) pruning the first three young trees: selecting 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots after grafted seedlings of the golden locust germinate, reserving the young shoots, wiping the rest young shoots, topping when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 60cm, reserving the young shoots for 12cm, immediately applying water-soluble compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are 15:15: 15:15 after topping, applying 150g of compound fertilizers to each plant, and uniformly irrigating the plant base after dissolving the compound fertilizers in water; repeating topping and fertilizing operations 3 times in the first year of field planting of grafted Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, repeating for 3 times in the second year and repeating for 3 times in the third year to obtain shaped Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings
(3) In the last 3 months of 2020, digging out the shaped Sophora japonica seedlings, keeping the root systems as complete as possible during digging, then cutting off the main roots and other root systems with the diameter larger than 0.5cm from the base parts, and soaking the reserved root systems in rooting liquid for 2 hours, wherein the rooting liquid contains 50mg/L of ABT1 rooting powder/L, ABT2 rooting powder;
(4) planting: and (3) field planting in the selected garden, excavating field planting holes with the specification of 1m multiplied by 0.8m according to the line spacing and the space of 2m, field planting the robinia pseudoacacia seedlings processed in the step (3), and backfilling mixed soil, wherein the mixed soil is obtained by mixing decomposed chicken manure and soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 2.
Example 3 cost-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method of Sophora japonica
(1) In 3 middle-late months in 2017, commercially available annual robinia pseudoacacia grafted seedlings are purchased and planted, the row spacing and the space between the grafted seedlings are set to be 1m, planting holes with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 40cm are dug before planting, and 2.5kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole;
(2) pruning the first three young trees: selecting 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots after grafted seedlings of the golden locust germinate, reserving the young shoots, wiping the rest young shoots, topping when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 60cm, reserving the young shoots for 15cm, immediately applying water-soluble compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are 15:15: 15:15 after topping, applying 150g of compound fertilizers to each plant, and uniformly irrigating the plant base after dissolving the compound fertilizers in water; repeating topping and fertilizing operations 3 times in the first year of field planting of grafted Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, 3 times in the second year and 2 times in the third year to obtain shaped Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings
(3) In the last 3 months of 2020, digging out the shaped Sophora japonica seedlings, keeping the root systems as complete as possible during digging, then cutting off the main roots and other root systems with the diameter larger than 0.5cm from the base parts, and soaking the reserved root systems in rooting liquid for 2.5 hours, wherein the rooting liquid contains 50mg/L of ABT1 rooting powder 50mg/L, ABT2 rooting powder;
(5) planting: and (3) field planting in the selected garden, excavating field planting holes with the specification of 1m multiplied by 0.8m according to the line spacing and the space of 2m, field planting the robinia pseudoacacia seedlings processed in the step (3), and backfilling mixed soil, wherein the mixed soil is obtained by mixing decomposed chicken manure and soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 2.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A cost-saving and efficiency-increasing golden locust cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting annual graft robinia pseudoacacia seedlings in 3-4 months, setting the row spacing and the spacing of the graft robinia pseudoacacia seedlings to be 1m, digging planting holes before planting, and applying farmyard manure in each hole;
(2) pruning the first three young trees: selecting 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots after a grafted seedling of the robinia pseudoacacia sprouts germinates, reserving the 2 symmetrically distributed young shoots, wiping the rest young shoots, topping when the vertical length of the reserved young shoots is 60cm, reserving 10-15 cm, and immediately applying a compound fertilizer after topping; repeating the operations of topping and fertilizing for 3-4 times in the first year of field planting of the grafted robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, repeating for 3 times in the second year and repeating for 2-3 times in the third year to obtain shaped robinia pseudoacacia seedlings;
(3) digging out the shaped Sophora japonica seedlings at the end of the third year or at the beginning of the fourth year, keeping the root systems as complete as possible during digging, then cutting off the main roots and other root systems with the diameter larger than 0.5cm from the base part, and then soaking the reserved root systems in a rooting solution;
(4) planting: and (3) field planting in the selected garden, excavating field planting holes according to the row spacing and the space of 2m, field planting the robinia pseudoacacia seedlings processed in the step (3), wherein the backfill soil is mixed soil of chicken manure and soil.
2. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specification of the planting hole in the step (1) is 40cm multiplied by 40 cm.
3. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: step (1), 1.5-2.5 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole.
4. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: step (1), 2kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole.
5. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is a water-soluble compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 15:15:15, 150g of the water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer is uniformly irrigated to the base of the plant after being dissolved in water.
6. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rooting solution in the step (3) contains 50mg/L of ABT1 rooting powder 50mg/L, ABT2 rooting powder, and the time for soaking the root system in the rooting solution is 1.5-2.5 h.
7. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time for soaking the root system in the rooting solution is 2 h.
8. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specification of the planting holes in the step (4) is 1m multiplied by 0.8 m.
9. The cultivation method of Sophora japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixed soil in the step (4) is obtained by mixing decomposed chicken manure and soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 2.
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