CN113795260A - 屁和/或大便的恶臭减少剂 - Google Patents
屁和/或大便的恶臭减少剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113795260A CN113795260A CN202080033629.XA CN202080033629A CN113795260A CN 113795260 A CN113795260 A CN 113795260A CN 202080033629 A CN202080033629 A CN 202080033629A CN 113795260 A CN113795260 A CN 113795260A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种口服用的屁和/或大便的恶臭减少剂,其含有作为有效成分的被纳米化的胶体状的铂微粒。其以包括人类的哺乳类动物等为对象,并其目的在于,通过例如无机物质等的能够口服的素材,进而实现能够有效地减少屁和/或大便的独特的恶臭的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有效地减少屁和/或大便的独特的恶臭的恶臭减少剂。
背景技术
包括人类在内的哺乳类动物等的屁和大便,具有给与人强烈不适感的独特的恶臭。因此,从关化的观点或护理的容易化等观点或宠物的卫生饲养的容易性的观点出发,希望具有减轻上述恶臭的方法。所述恶臭被想象为由硫化物(硫化氢、二氧化硫、硫化烃基)、吲哚、糞臭素、锌、氨等所产生,已知有例如,通过双歧杆菌减少氨或吲哚等来减轻大便恶臭的方法(非专利文献1)。但是,除双歧杆菌等以外,以往还未有过通过可以口服的、例如无机物等素材能够有效地减少屁和大便的独特恶臭的方法。
虽然有向外部空气喷雾香水来消除便臭等的方法(专利文献1),但作为从蘑菇中提取的被作为功能性食品素材的香蕈香精虽能有效地消除口臭、体臭、便臭,但其依据并未被认可。因此,于日本平成21年(2010年)被由日本公正交易委员会发出了禁制令。
鉴于以上情况,人们希望提供一种能够安全地口服、有效地减少包括人类在内的哺乳类动物等的屁和大便的恶臭的方法。
另一方面,已知一种含有纳米级的铂微粒的超氧化阴离子分解剂(专利文献2),还已知含有这种铂微粒的口腔内清洗材料等(专利文献3),但完全不知铂微粒可有效地减少屁和/或大便的独特恶臭之事。
现有技术文献
专利文献
[专利文献1]:日本特开2018-130565号公报
[专利文献2]:日本专利第4058072号公报
[专利文献3]:国际公开公报WO2006/064788A1。
非专利文献
[非专利文献1]:Ogata T.,et al,Microbial Ecology in Health andDisease11:41(1999)。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的课题在于,将包括人类在内的哺乳类动物为对象,通过无机物质等的能够口服的素材,从而实现能够有效地减少屁和/或大便的独特恶臭之目的。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明者们令人惊叹地发现,通过口服铂微粒,能够有效地减少屁和大便的独特的恶臭。
根据本发明,可提供一种含有作为有效成分的铂微粒,且用于口服的屁和/或大便的恶臭减少剂。
本发明的恶臭减少剂可为用于减少屁和/或大便中的硫化氢的恶臭减少剂。
另外,本发明的恶臭减少剂可为含有作为有效成分的已被纳米化的胶体状的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂。
另外,本发明的恶臭减少剂可为所述铂微粒的平均粒径为10nm以下的恶臭减少剂。
进一步,本发明的恶臭减少剂可为在每1000ml的水中含有1nmole~100mmole的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂。
另外,本发明还提供一种通过口服作为有效成分的铂微粒而减少屁和/或大便恶臭的方法。
进一步,本发明提供一种用于减少屁和/或大便恶臭的方法的铂微粒。
本发明的铂微粒可为用于减少屁和/或大便中的硫化氢的恶臭减少剂的铂微粒。
另外,本发明的铂微粒可为作为含有作为有效成分的已被纳米化的胶体状的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂而使用的铂微粒。
另外,本发明的铂微粒可为用于作为所述铂微粒的平均粒径为10nm以下的恶臭减少剂而使用的铂微粒。
进一步,本发明的铂微粒可为作为在每1000ml的水中含有1nmole~100mmole的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂而使用的铂微粒。
另外,本发明提供在恶臭减少剂的制造中的铂微粒的使用。
发明的效果
本发明的恶臭减少剂可以对包括人类在内的哺乳动物等进行口服,且由于不会在体内被吸收,几乎全部直接被排泄,因此是安全的。例如,可以作为含有将通过柠檬酸还原的柠檬酸直接作为保护剂的被纳米化的铂微粒的悬浮液进行服用,且能够有效地去除屁和/或大便的独特的恶臭。
具体实施方式
本发明为一种含有作为有效成分的铂微粒的口服用的屁和/或大便的恶臭减少剂。
在本说明书中,″铂微粒″是指铂的微粒,其包括如铂黑那样粉末状的铂微粒、使用了保护剂的铂微粒、不使用保护剂而使用了表面活性剂的铂微粒、以及既不使用保护剂也不使用表面活性剂的铂微粒以及单原子粒子。
已知多种铂微粒的制造方法(例如,日本特公昭57-43125号公报、日本特公昭59-120249号公报、以及日本特开平9-225317号公报、日本特开平10-176207号公报、日本特开2001-79382号公报、日本特开2001-122723号公报等),本领域技术人员通过参照这些方法可以容易地制备出微粒。例如,作为贵金属微粒的制造方法,可以利用称之为沉淀法或金属盐还原反应法的化学性方法,或称之为燃烧法的物理性方法等。也可以采用液相激光烧蚀法或不使用保护剂而用表面活性剂进行悬浮的方法。作为本发明的恶臭减少剂,可以使用通过任何方法所制备的微粒。由于微粒化的方法,已在例如,日本专利第4058072号的说明书中被说明,因此,将该公报的公开内容作为参考,也被包含在本说明书的公开内容中。
另外,例如,在使用了保护剂的铂微粒的情况下,使用作为以金属微粒相互之间不凝聚的方式进行保护的物质的金属保护剂,从而能够在水中均匀地分散铂纳米微粒。作为金属微粒的保护剂的例子,可列举出聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸、果胶和柠檬酸等,从果胶和柠檬酸为食品中的成分的观点考虑,优选为果胶或柠檬酸。
另外,本发明的恶臭减少剂中的铂也可以为含铂的合金,但优选为铂本身。作为形成合金的金属,可列举出例如,金、钌、铑、钯、锇和铱等。也可以和铂微粒一起使用包含这些其它金属的一种或二种以上的微粒的多种金属的胶体状态的微粒悬浮物。
作为铂微粒,其优选为比表面积大且表面反应性优异的能够形成胶体状态的微粒。例如,可为千分尺水平的粒径的微粒或纳米水平的粒径的微粒。对微粒的粒径没有特别的限定,可以使用具有50nm以下的平均粒径的微粒,优选为可以使用具有20nm以下的平均粒径的微粒、进一步优选为可以使用具有10nm以下的平均粒径的微粒、特别优选为可以使用平均粒径为1~6nm左右的微粒。在水介质中以稳定的悬浮状态含有这些微粒的分散液也为优选。作为水介质,除了水之外,还可以使用对生物体毒性低且能够与水以任意比例进行混合的例如,乙醇、乙二醇等有机溶剂。其优选为,作为水介质能够使用水。
本发明的恶臭减少剂优选为例如,以在每1000ml的水中以胶体状态含有1nmole~100mmole左右的铂微粒,更优选为在每1000ml的水中以胶体状态含有10nmole~50mmole左右的铂微粒的方式进行制备。铂浓度优选为在100ppm~300ppm左右、特别优选为在200ppm左右。
可将以上述浓度含有胶体状的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂口服于包括人类在内的哺乳动物。例如,通过每天口服50~5000μl左右、优选为每天口服200μl左右的含有200ppm的胶体状的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂,通过在肠道中表现出所希望的作用的结果,显著减少了被排泄的屁和/或大便的恶臭。即,本发明的铂微粒的口服量相当于每天最多为1×10-3g。
关于铂微粒的安全性,有关于由静脉注射引发肝功能障碍的报告(Y.Yagmagishi,A.et al.,Pharmazie 68:178-182,2013)。具体而言,在将粒径为1nm以下和15nm的铂纳米微粒(sub-nanosized platinum particles;以下分别被记载为snPt和nPt))静脉注射至小白鼠内24小时后,由通过以在血液中渗出的丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase;ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase)来测定有无肝功能障碍的结果,其仅在使用剂量为15~20mg/kg的snPt时表现出了肝功能障碍。另一方面,在使用粒径为15nm的nPt的情况下,即使在相同剂量下也未观察到肝功能障碍。该15~20mg/kg的静脉注射在体重60kg的人体中约为1g。为了使如此的量的铂微粒通过口服进入体内,假设小肠的吸收率最大为0.1%(在下述实施例中,在人口服本发明的铂微粒时,其99.96%被显示已在粪便中被回收),则为相当口服了1000g的量。因此,可以理解为本发明的恶臭减少剂的口服剂量的安全性高。
本发明的恶臭减少剂可以作为健康食品饮用,也可以将其自身作为药物使用。
作为健康食品,例如,可以将含有上述200ppm的胶体状的铂微粒的恶臭减少剂添加到茶、果汁、清凉饮料和饮料中,并能够以这些形态进行饮用。
在将本发明的恶臭减少剂作为药物使用的情况下,除了作为含有上述200ppm的胶体状的铂微粒的口服液剂之外,还可添加在药学上可容许的药物添加剂,从而作为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂和粉剂等固体制剂来制造药物制剂,并施用于患者。
被用于制备所述药物制剂的在药学上可容许的药物添加剂,可通过添加例如,本领域技术人员所公知的稳定剂、抗氧化剂、pH调节剂、缓冲剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂等添加物而进行制备。这些药物添加剂的种类及其用法·用量被记载于《药物添加剂辞典2016(医薬品添加物事典)》(日本药物添加剂协会编,药事日报社,2016年2月)等,可以根据这些记载来制备药物制剂并进行使用。
实施例
1.铂纳米微粒的制造
采用柠檬酸还原法制备了铂纳米微粒。将4ml的16.6mM氯铂酸(H2PtCl6)添加在43.8ml的水中,在油浴(oil bath)中进行了加热。当温度达到100℃时,加入8.6ml的77.21mM的柠檬酸三钠(trisodium citrate;C6H5Na3O7),直接在100℃条件下继续加热大致1小时30分钟左右,直至反应液变黑。当反应液变黑时,停止加热,并将反应液的温度降至室温,最后加入10ml的水,从而得到了66.4ml的铂浓度为1mM的铂纳米胶体溶液。铂微粒的粒径为4.7±1.5nm。
2.铂纳米微粒对减少屁臭和大便臭的效果的评价
制备以被纳米化的铂微粒并口服。在从粪便中回收铂金属的同时,对屁和大便的独特的恶臭的减少进行了量化。
作为铂纳米胶体,将每1ml含有180μg的作为铂的平均粒径为6nm以下的铂微粒,并且实质上不含有凝聚了的铂微粒的铂纳米胶体水作为口服用液使用。其含有0.9560%的铂纳米胶体(铂0.00019%、柠檬酸三钠0.0028%)、0.0045%的柠檬酸和99.0395%的水,且铂含量为172±1.5ppm,pH值为3.71。
将被用柠檬酸还原的柠檬酸直接作为保护剂的被纳米化的铂微粒(4.7±1.5nm),经口服直至大肠为止几乎从消化管不被吸收,99.96%的铂微粒将被排泄在粪便中,因此,确保了安全性。使用可敏锐地检测挥发性有机化合物(Volatile Organic Compounds;VOC)、烟雾、气味等,特别是氨、甲苯、硫化氢,且将新鲜空气作为1,进而综合判断空气中气味变化的以CIAQ(Composite Index of Air Quality)数字化表示的气味监测器GT300-VOC(销售商:(MK Scientific,Inc.),对在口服被纳米化的铂金属粒子之前和口服被纳米化的铂金属粒子3周后的屁和大便的恶臭进行了数值化比较。在以每60kg人体重40μg/日的比例3周口服被纳米化的铂微粒时,在口服3周被纳米化的铂金属粒子后,以气味监测器测量的数值在风险概率(p)低于0.01%的条件下显著地减少,显示为通过口服被纳米化的铂微粒,从而能够在统计学上显著地减少屁和大便的恶臭(表1)。需要说明的是,统计分析使用了Student的t-test检定法。
[表1]
3.减少大便中的硫化氢的效果的评价
使用GASTEC CORPORATION公司制造的气体采样器组合(型号GV100S),对在口服被纳米化的铂微粒之前和其之后从大便散发出的氨和硫化氢进行了测定,并进行了数字化比较。
具体说来,采取100~200g的人的大便,且将其分别放入在搪瓷制便盆中,在称量后迅速地用Press’n Seal(GLAD公司制造)覆盖以维持气密性的同时,在大致3分钟后使用各自的检测管对保持在便盆上空的气体的浓度(ppm)进行了定量。
从在以每60kg人体重40μg/目的比例口服被纳米化的铂微粒1周后测定的结果,虽未见有氨浓度的变化,但硫化氢浓度在风险概率(p)低于0.01%的条件下在统计学上显著地减少,即显示出通过口服被纳米化的铂微粒而带来的大便恶臭的减少至少由硫化氢的减少而致(表2)。需要说明的是,统计分析使用了Student的t-test检定法。
[表2]
从大便中散发出的氨和硫化氢浓度的测定结果
氨(ppm/g) | 硫化氢(ppm/g) | |
口服前 | 1.69±0.48(n=6) | 5.88±0.96(n=6) |
口服后 | 2.47±1.16(n=9) | <sup>**</sup>1.77±0.69(n=10) |
**p<0.01
Claims (5)
1.一种恶臭减少剂,其含有作为有效成分的铂微粒,且为口服用的屁和/或大便的恶臭减少剂。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的恶臭减少剂,其用于减少屁和/或大便中的硫化氢。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的恶臭减少剂,其含有作为有效成分的被纳米化的胶体状的铂微粒。
4.如权利要求1至权利要求3中的任一项所述的恶臭减少剂,所述铂微粒的平均粒径为10nm以下。
5.如权利要求1至权利要求4中的任一项所述的恶臭减少剂,其在每1000ml的水中含有1nmole~100mmole的铂微粒。
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