CN113748914A - Camellia oleifera tree cultivation method capable of improving quality of camellia oleifera seeds - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera tree cultivation method capable of improving quality of camellia oleifera seeds Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 compound sodium nitrophenolate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005823 Propineb Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KKMLIVYBGSAJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-L propineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NC(C)CNC([S-])=S KKMLIVYBGSAJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005991 Sodium o-nitrophenolate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005992 Sodium p-nitrophenolate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KBRKFTKQRMYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methoxy-5-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[O-] KBRKFTKQRMYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CURNJKLCYZZBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 CURNJKLCYZZBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 48
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005593 Camellia sinensis f parvifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/10—Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a camellia oleifera cultivation method capable of improving quality of camellia oleifera seeds. The traditional tea-oil tree planting method is adopted in the whole tea-oil tree cultivation method, and a new compound fertilizer mixed by various chemical fertilizers is applied to the surfaces of flowers, fruits, leaves and the like on the tea-oil trees, so that the tea-oil trees can not only increase the cold resistance and drought resistance and improve the oil yield of tea-oil fruits on the tea-oil trees, but also can prevent and treat various diseases such as tea-oil anthracnose, tea-oil sooty mold, tea-oil soft rot, tea-oil virus goose disease, root rot and the like.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a camellia oleifera tree cultivation method capable of improving the quality of camellia seeds in the aspect of planting camellia oleifera trees.
[ background of the invention ]
The oil tea is a woody edible oil plant which is unique in China. Because the camellia oleosa seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, the camellia oleosa seed oil has high nutritive value and is widely consumed by vast consumers, so the camellia oleosa seed oil becomes an important component of an edible oil supply and consumption system in China. The camellia seed oil is processed from camellia seeds, and the fruits of the camellia seeds grow on camellia trees. Resources and environment required by the growth of the camellia oleifera are important foundations for promoting the high-quality and high-efficiency development of the camellia oleifera industry in China. The growth of the camellia oleifera has certain requirements on factors such as soil, climatic conditions, topography and landform, and the like, is suitable for areas with rich conditions such as average temperature, annual sunshine hours and rainfall in a planting area, and has outstanding ecological advantages and industrial advantages of camellia oleifera planting in Hunan province. The Hunan province is just in the high mountain and hilly land of the subtropical zone, and most of the high mountain and hilly land are the soil quality of mountain land red soil and red yellow soil, which is more suitable for the growth of the oil tea trees. In the planting process, as more rainwater is used every year, the camellia anthracnose, camellia bituminous coal disease, camellia soft rot, camellia moth disease and other diseases of the camellia oleifera trees are easily caused in the growth stage of flowers and fruits. Meanwhile, phenomena such as flower drop, fruit cracking and empty fruit are easily caused by tea tree malnutrition.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating camellia oleifera capable of not only preventing and treating camellia oleifera anthracnose, camellia oleifera sooty mold, camellia oleifera soft rot, camellia oleifera virus goose disease, root rot, and other diseases, but also avoiding the phenomena of flower drop, fruit cracking, fruit empty, and the like caused by the malnutrition of camellia oleifera, and improving the quality of camellia oleifera seeds.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention provides the camellia oleifera tree cultivation method capable of improving the quality of camellia oleifera seeds, and the method comprises a camellia oleifera tree planting step, a camellia oleifera fertilization management step and a fruit harvesting step.
Tea tree planting: firstly, preparing land and digging holes from the slope, the slope direction, the slope position, the soil property, the water source, the area of the oil tea garden and the planting area of the oil tea trees; the slope of the mountain is selected to be 5-25 degrees, and the optimal slope of the mountain is 15 degrees, so that the purpose of drainage is facilitated; selecting the slope direction of the sunny slope or the semi-sunny slope with sufficient illumination, and ascending the slope position or the slope position of the full-broken position; selecting weak acid red soil which is loose and fertile, has soil layer thickness of more than 60 cm, pH value of 4.5-6 and high humus content; the land has water source, the underground water level can not be too high; the area of each oil tea garden is controlled within 200 mu, 100 mu is the best, 20 m is arranged between every two adjacent oil tea gardens as a biological isolation zone, the width of a main trunk road of each oil tea garden and a connecting road between every two adjacent areas is 2.5 m, a parallel and oblique operation road is arranged in each oil tea garden, and the width of each road is 2 m; the row spacing of the tea plants is 2X4 meters, namely, the plant spacing is 2 meters, the row spacing is 4 meters along the mountain and the potential is not lower than 3.5 meters, and after 10 years, the row spacing of the tea plants is 4X4 meters, namely, the plant spacing is 4 meters, and the row spacing is 4 meters; if the gradient is below 10 degrees, a full reclamation mode is adopted for land preparation, and if the gradient is greater than 10 degrees, a hole reclamation mode is adopted for land preparation; digging holes, digging planting holes with 1 meter square according to the plant row spacing of 2X4 m, staggering the rows in a Chinese character 'pin' shape, and separately placing the dug surface soil and core soil on two sides of the planting holes; more than 10 kg of organic fertilizer with fermentation function and 1 kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizer in each planting hole, the base fertilizer and surface soil are fully stirred uniformly and backfilled in the planting hole, the backfilled surface soil and fertilizer are 30 cm away from the ground surface, core soil is filled at the upper part of the planting hole until the core soil is 10 cm to 15 cm higher than the ground surface, 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer and the core soil are uniformly stirred at a planting point in the center of the planting hole, the whole planting hole is in a turtle back shape, the middle of the turtle back shape is a steamed bun bulge, and annular soil enclosure is arranged at the periphery of the turtle back shape.
Oil tea fertilization management steps: the steps comprise replanting, fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, shaping and pruning and tending; replanting, namely replanting the survived permanent remained plants; fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing object is the camellia oleifera forest of 2 to 3 years, before and after the new shoots germinate, namely spring equinox, 5 to 6 months, and spraying a foliar fertilizer to promote the growth of the spring and summer shoots; disease and pest control, mainly preventing and controlling diseases on fruits, leaves, branches and branches, and mainly preventing and controlling oil-tea anthracnose, oil-tea sooty mold, oil-tea soft rot, oil-tea virus goose disease and root rot; shaping and pruning, wherein in 2-3 years, when the camellia oleifera is as high as 1-1.5 m and has a plurality of lateral branches, the camellia oleifera is required to be shaped and pruned, and the shaping and pruning are carried out after winter to before frightening, so that the tree form of the main stem of the camellia oleifera is not too long and weak, and no bud is left on the retained branch; the nursery is carried out at least once within 1 year after afforestation for 9-10 months, and from the 2 nd year, the nursery must be carried out 2 times per year, the first time is 5-6 months, and the second time is 9-10 months.
Fruit harvesting: generally, harvesting begins three days before the mature period of the oil-tea camellia fruits on the oil-tea camellia trees and finishes harvesting 7 days after the mature period; during picking, the flower buds and branches need to be protected; the stacking height of the picked fruits is not more than 50 cm, the stacking time is not more than 6 days, and the fruits are threshed and dried in the sun in time and pressed in time.
Further limiting, in the fertilizing process, the compound fertilizer is formed by mixing a compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture, a propineb mixture and a macroelement water according to a proportion to form a new compound fertilizer, wherein the macroelement water contains 8% of nitrate-containing nitrogen substances, 12% of phosphorus pentoxide substances, 30% of potassium oxide substances, 0.5% of zinc substances, 0.1% of boron substances, calcium substances and magnesium substances; the compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture comprises a water solvent, 0.6 percent of sodium o-nitrophenolate, 0.9 percent of sodium p-nitrophenolate and 0.3 percent of sodium 5-nitro-o-methoxyphenolate; the propineb mixture contains wettable powder;
further limiting, the weeds around the camellia oleifera are removed before fertilization, the fertilization time is applied before the camellia oleifera begin to sprout and shoot in spring and before the camellia oleifera begin to germinate and differentiate quickly in summer, generally, 20-25 cm ditches are dug at the periphery of tree crowns, poultry organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the ditches, then the ditches are covered with soil, and a proper amount of water is poured.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: according to the technical scheme, the traditional tea-oil tree planting method is adopted, and a new compound fertilizer mixed by various chemical fertilizers is applied to the surfaces of flowers, fruits, leaves and the like on the tea-oil tree, so that the cold resistance and drought resistance of the tea-oil tree can be improved, the oil yield of tea-oil fruits on the tea-oil tree can be improved, and the aims of preventing and treating various diseases such as tea-oil anthracnose, tea-oil soot disease, tea-oil soft rot, tea-oil goose virus disease, root rot and the like can be fulfilled.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and more obvious, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following describes a camellia oleifera cultivation method capable of improving the quality of camellia seeds, which comprises a camellia oleifera planting step, a camellia oleifera fertilization management step and a fruit harvesting step.
Tea tree planting: firstly, preparing land and digging holes from the slope, the slope direction, the slope position, the soil property, the water source, the area of the oil tea garden and the planting area of the oil tea trees; the slope of the mountain is selected to be 5-25 degrees, and the optimal slope of the mountain is 15 degrees, so that the purpose of drainage is facilitated; selecting the slope direction of the sunny slope or the semi-sunny slope with sufficient illumination, and ascending the slope position or the slope position of the full-broken position; selecting weak acid red soil which is loose and fertile, has soil layer thickness of more than 60 cm, pH value of 4.5-6 and high humus content; the land has water source, the underground water level can not be too high; the area of each oil tea garden is controlled within 200 mu, 100 mu is the best, 20 m is arranged between every two adjacent oil tea gardens as a biological isolation zone, the width of a main trunk road of each oil tea garden and a connecting road between every two adjacent areas is 2.5 m, a parallel and oblique operation road is arranged in each oil tea garden, and the width of each road is 2 m; the row spacing of the tea plants is 2X4 meters, namely, the plant spacing is 2 meters, the row spacing is 4 meters along the mountain and the potential is not lower than 3.5 meters, and after 10 years, the row spacing of the tea plants is 4X4 meters, namely, the plant spacing is 4 meters, and the row spacing is 4 meters; if the gradient is below 10 degrees, a full reclamation mode is adopted for land preparation, and if the gradient is greater than 10 degrees, a hole reclamation mode is adopted for land preparation; digging holes, digging planting holes with 1 meter square according to the plant row spacing of 2X4 m, staggering the rows in a Chinese character 'pin' shape, and separately placing the dug surface soil and core soil on two sides of the planting holes; more than 10 kg of organic fertilizer with fermentation function and 1 kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizer in each planting hole, the base fertilizer and surface soil are fully stirred uniformly and backfilled in the planting hole, the backfilled surface soil and fertilizer are 30 cm away from the ground surface, core soil is filled at the upper part of the planting hole until the core soil is 10 cm to 15 cm higher than the ground surface, 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer and the core soil are uniformly stirred at a planting point in the center of the planting hole, the whole planting hole is in a turtle back shape, the middle of the turtle back shape is a steamed bun bulge, and annular soil enclosure is arranged at the periphery of the turtle back shape.
Oil tea fertilization management steps: the steps comprise replanting, fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, shaping and pruning and tending; replanting, namely replanting the survived permanent remained plants; fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing object is the camellia oleifera forest of 2 to 3 years, before and after the new shoots germinate, namely spring equinox, 5 to 6 months, and spraying a foliar fertilizer to promote the growth of the spring and summer shoots; disease and pest control, mainly preventing and controlling diseases on fruits, leaves, branches and branches, and mainly preventing and controlling oil-tea anthracnose, oil-tea sooty mold, oil-tea soft rot, oil-tea virus goose disease and root rot; shaping and pruning, wherein in 2-3 years, when the camellia oleifera is as high as 1-1.5 m and has a plurality of lateral branches, the camellia oleifera is required to be shaped and pruned, and the shaping and pruning are carried out after winter to before frightening, so that the tree form of the main stem of the camellia oleifera is not too long and weak, and no bud is left on the retained branch; the nursery is carried out at least once within 1 year after afforestation for 9-10 months, and from the 2 nd year, the nursery must be carried out 2 times per year, the first time is 5-6 months, and the second time is 9-10 months.
Fruit harvesting: generally, harvesting begins three days before the mature period of the oil-tea camellia fruits on the oil-tea camellia trees and finishes harvesting 7 days after the mature period; during picking, the flower buds and branches need to be protected; the stacking height of the picked fruits is not more than 50 cm, the stacking time is not more than 6 days, and the fruits are threshed and dried in the sun in time and pressed in time.
Firstly, removing weeds around the camellia oleifera before fertilization, wherein the fertilization time is applied before the camellia oleifera begins to sprout and sprout in spring and before the camellia oleifera begins to germinate and differentiate quickly in summer, generally, 20-25 cm ditches are dug at the periphery of tree crowns, poultry organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the ditches, then the ditches are covered with soil, and a proper amount of water is poured.
Then, mixing the compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture, the propineb mixture and the macroelement water according to a proportion to form a new compound fertilizer, wherein the macroelement water contains 8% of nitrate nitrogen-containing substances, 12% of phosphorus pentoxide substances, 30% of potassium oxide substances, 0.5% of zinc substances, 0.1% of boron substances, calcium substances and magnesium substances; the compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture comprises a water solvent, 0.6 percent of sodium o-nitrophenolate, 0.9 percent of sodium p-nitrophenolate and 0.3 percent of sodium 5-nitro-o-methoxyphenolate; the propineb mixture contains a powder of wettable powder. The new compound fertilizer is mixed into liquid state and is sprayed on the surfaces of flowers, fruits, leaves and the like on the oil-tea camellia trees in the form of a spray pump. The application method can be applied in various ways such as watering, flushing, drip irrigation, foliage spraying or spraying.
The macroelement water contains 8% of nitrate nitrogen-containing substances, 12% of phosphorus pentoxide substances, 30% of potassium oxide substances, 0.5% of zinc substances, 0.1% of boron substances, calcium substances and magnesium substances, so that the mutual promotion of various elements is fully prepared, and the full nutrient balance requirement of tea tree growth is met. The novel compound fertilizer contains a high-potassium calcium-containing formula, and can promote the fruit of the tea tree to be enlarged and mature, prevent fruit setting from dropping and prevent fruit expansion and cracking. The novel compound fertilizer contains high-content medium and micro elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron and the like, can effectively improve the effective utilization rate of the tea trees to each element, further enhances the swelling and ripening of fruits, effectively prevents the fruit drop phenomenon in the fruit swelling period, reduces the occurrence of diseases such as bitter pit diseases, dry burning cores, cavity fruits and the like, and improves the resistance of the tea trees to plant diseases and insect pests. The novel compound fertilizer has the advantages of high content of effective components, safety, no hormone, high purity, no impurity, quick dissolution, good mixing property, weak acidity after being dissolved in water, and is more beneficial to the effective absorption and utilization of tea trees.
The main parts of the oil tea trees suffering from anthracnose are leaves and fruits, and the leaves and the fruits of the plants fall off in a large amount after the oil tea trees are infected with the anthracnose. The oil-tea tree fruits infected with the oil-tea anthracnose can initially generate blackish brown spots, the spots on the fruits can gradually expand into round, blackish brown at the edges and blackish black spots in the center along with the gradual increase of the damage degree, and when the diseases are serious, the oil-tea tree fruits are completely black, and black small spots can appear on conidiophores of germs. When the oil tea fruit is wetted by rain or dew, the conidiophores can generate sticky pink
Conidiospores are formed, most of fruits with diseases usually fall in 10 days, and a small part of fruits without falling gradually crack in the middle. The novel compound fertilizer contains the compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture and the wettable powder, so that sticky pink conidia can be killed, and the compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture with the concentration of 1% is usually applied to the leaf surfaces or fruits of tea trees or the surfaces of the tea trees in a liquid form. Spraying 1 time in early 3 months, middle 7 months and last 11 months of each year. When the oil tea has mild anthracnose, the liquid of 2 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture and 50 percent sterile wettable powder can be used for alternate prevention and treatment, and the safe interval period is about 15 days. When the oil tea has severe anthracnose, 50 percent of sterile wettable powder and 50 percent of carbendazim wettable powder can be used for alternate prevention and treatment, and the interval time is 5 to 7 days. For 3 to 4 months, a 300-fold liquid of 50 percent of carbendazim or a 500-fold liquid of 500 percent of carbendazim is often used, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time in 10 days and for 4 to 5 times continuously. Spraying 1 time for 15 days and 3-4 times for 6-7 months with 1% compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture. The disease is 10-11 months, and the 50% carbendazim 500-fold liquid is sprayed for 1 time in 15 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times.
The soft rot of camellia oleifera infection is mainly manifested on the leaf edges and the tips of camellia oleifera. Yellow water-stain spots appear on affected parts with the size of a needle tip, and the spots gradually develop into larger spots along with the increase of disease conditions. If the infected oil-tea tree suffers from continuous rainy days, the lesion spots of the infected oil-tea tree gradually expand to finally form 'soft rot type' lesion spots, and the diseased leaves usually fall off within 2 to 3 days. When the infected trees are sunny in the weather, the disease spots are slowly expanded and changed from brown to yellow brown, the edges are obvious, withered spot type disease spots are formed, diseased leaves are not easy to fall off, and partial leaves can be left on the trees for overwintering. The camellia oleifera soft rot is prevented, and camellia oleifera forests with overlarge density need to be pruned or thinned in time, so that the forests are ventilated and have good light transmission; in winter, diseased leaves and fruits should be removed to eliminate overwintering pathogens. The nursery land should be selected to have a good drainage and enhance management. For the soft rot of the oil tea, the novel compound fertilizer can be mixed and then sprayed in an oil tea planting area, or 50% of wettable powder and 300-400 times of diluted liquid are sprayed once every 10 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times.
When the oil tea forest has the moth, the oil tea moth takes the tender tips and the tender leaves of the oil tea tree as food, the growth and development of the oil tea tree are seriously influenced, and the quantity of tea seeds of the oil tea tree is obviously reduced. Before 3 years old, dozens of larvae of the Camellia oleifera Bombycis are gathered together to feed on mesophyll, and gradually disperse after the larvae grow to 3 years old, and the larvae start to feed from the leaf edges of the Camellia oleifera trees. Therefore, when the oil tea tree suffers from oil tea moth pests and diseases, hundreds of pests are usually grouped, and when the oil tea tree is seriously damaged, the oil tea tree can be burnt. In the middle of 5 months, in the middle and last 7 months and in 9 months of each year, the oil tea moth is in a high-incidence period, and oil tea planting personnel need to reasonably control the oil tea moth, so that the influence of the oil tea moth is obviously reduced, and the yield of tea seeds is improved. The oil tea moth can be prevented and treated by mixing the novel compound fertilizer with the scheme and spraying the mixture in an oil tea planting area.
In the growth of the camellia oleifera, soft rot is a common disease, and is easily caused in a high-humidity and high-temperature environment in summer. In order to reduce the occurrence probability of soft rot, the branches and leaves of the camellia oleifera in forest land need to be trimmed in spring and winter every year, infected branches are removed, and ventilation in the forest are ensured. After the plants in the forest land are infected, the disease sources need to be removed in time, and the infected branches need to be cut off and destroyed, so that large-area disease spreading is avoided. In addition, the affected seeds can also carry the source of disease, so the seeds of affected plants need to be avoided from being collected in the seed selection and collection stage. The new compound fertilizer can be sprayed to prevent and treat the soft rot of the plants in the early stage, and the good prevention effect can be achieved after the time of spring shoots is up; if the infection is serious, the medicine needs to be sprayed for 1 time every 20 days until the plants are healthy.
The tea-oil tree infects the sooty mould, can lead to the leaf to produce black spot, and after serious infection, the spot can generate and cover the membrane, hinders photosynthesis, and the leaf withers gradually, and then causes the influence to tea-oil tree growth. In the prevention process, the leaves are sprayed with a mixed solution of a new compound fertilizer with a concentration of 0.6% to 0.7%.
In the technical scheme, by adopting a traditional tea-oil tree planting method, the situation of test data generated by using the mixed new compound fertilizer to carry out a comparison test on 50 mu of tea-oil trees and the non-use new compound fertilizer is as follows: the variety of the camellia oleifera is Hunan forest 210, the time is 2020, and the camellia oleifera is 8 years old. The yield of tea fruits of the camellia oleifera in a non-test area is 105 kilograms per mu, the total yield of the tea fruits per 50 mu is 5250 kilograms, the seed yield of the tea fruits per kilogram is 21 percent, the oil yield of camellia seeds is 22 percent, the oil weight per mu is 4.85 kilograms, the oil price of the camellia oleifera is 120 yuan per kilogram, and the economic benefit of the yield per mu is 582 yuan. The tea fruit yield of the tea-oil trees in the test area is 405 kilograms per mu, the total yield of 50 mu of tea-oil trees is 20500 kilograms, the seed yield of each kilogram of tea fruits is 23.8 percent, the oil yield of seeds is 25.8 percent, the oil yield weight per mu is 24.86 kilograms, the oil price of the tea-oil trees is 120 yuan per kilogram, and the economic benefit of the yield per mu is 2983.2 yuan. By using the novel compound fertilizer, the oil yield per mu and the economic benefit per mu of tea fruits on the original tea-oil tree can be increased by more than 5 times, so that the aims of improving the yield of the tea-oil trees and providing the quality of the tea oil are fulfilled.
To sum up, adopt traditional tea-oil tree planting method in this application tea-oil tree cultivation method, combine the characteristic of multiple chemical fertilizer, through the new compound fertilizer that 6 years time trial and error were made into, apply the flower on the tea-oil tree, fruit, surface such as leaf, make the tea-oil tree not only can increase cold-resistant and drought-resistant ability, improves the oil production volume of tea-oil tree fruit on the tea-oil tree, but also can prevent and treat multiple diseases such as tea-oil tree anthracnose, tea-oil tree sooty mold, tea-oil tree soft rot, tea-oil tree virus goose disease, root rot. Meanwhile, the phenomena of flower falling, fruit cracking, cavity fruit and the like of the camellia oleifera caused by the nutritional imbalance of the camellia oleifera can be prevented and controlled. In addition, the novel compound fertilizer is pure and safe, does not contain hormone, contains various trace elements, fully allocates the mutual promotion of various elements, meets the multi-aspect nutritional requirements of the camellia oleifera, improves the yield of the camellia oleifera fruits, and provides the quality of the camellia oleifera oil.
The foregoing references describe preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modifications, equivalents and improvements which may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A camellia oleifera cultivation method capable of improving quality of camellia oleifera seeds comprises a camellia oleifera planting step, a camellia oleifera fertilization management step and a fruit harvesting step; the method is characterized in that:
tea tree planting: firstly, preparing land and digging holes from the slope, the slope direction, the slope position, the soil property, the water source, the area of the oil tea garden and the planting area of the oil tea trees; the slope of the mountain is selected to be 5-25 degrees, and the optimal slope of the mountain is 15 degrees, so that the purpose of drainage is facilitated; selecting the slope direction of the sunny slope or the semi-sunny slope with sufficient illumination, and ascending the slope position or the slope position of the full-broken position; selecting weak acid red soil which is loose and fertile, has soil layer thickness of more than 60 cm, pH value of 4.5-6 and high humus content; the land has water source, the underground water level can not be too high; the area of each oil tea garden is controlled within 200 mu, 100 mu is the best, 20 m is arranged between every two adjacent oil tea gardens as a biological isolation zone, the width of a main trunk road of each oil tea garden and a connecting road between every two adjacent areas is 2.5 m, a parallel and oblique operation road is arranged in each oil tea garden, and the width of each road is 2 m; the row spacing of the tea plants is 2X4 meters, namely, the plant spacing is 2 meters, the row spacing is 4 meters along the mountain and the potential is not lower than 3.5 meters, and after 10 years, the row spacing of the tea plants is 4X4 meters, namely, the plant spacing is 4 meters, and the row spacing is 4 meters; if the gradient is below 10 degrees, a full reclamation mode is adopted for land preparation, and if the gradient is greater than 10 degrees, a hole reclamation mode is adopted for land preparation; digging holes, digging planting holes with 1 meter square according to the plant row spacing of 2X4 m, staggering the rows in a Chinese character 'pin' shape, and separately placing the dug surface soil and core soil on two sides of the planting holes; each planting hole uses more than 10 kg of organic fertilizer with fermentation function and 1 kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, the base fertilizer and surface soil are fully stirred uniformly and backfilled into the planting hole, the backfilled surface soil and fertilizer are 30 cm away from the ground surface, the upper part of the planting hole is filled with core soil until the core soil is 10 cm to 15 cm higher than the ground surface, 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer and core soil are uniformly stirred at a planting point in the center of the planting hole, the whole planting hole is in a turtle back shape, the middle of the turtle back shape is a steamed bun bulge, and the periphery of the turtle back shape is provided with an annular soil enclosure;
oil tea fertilization management steps: the steps comprise replanting, fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, shaping and pruning and tending; replanting, namely replanting the survived permanent remained plants; fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing object is the camellia oleifera forest of 2 to 3 years, before and after the new shoots germinate, namely spring equinox, 5 to 6 months, and spraying a foliar fertilizer to promote the growth of the spring and summer shoots; disease and pest control, mainly preventing and controlling diseases on fruits, leaves, branches and branches, and mainly preventing and controlling oil-tea anthracnose, oil-tea sooty mold, oil-tea soft rot, oil-tea virus goose disease and root rot; shaping and pruning, wherein in 2-3 years, when the camellia oleifera is as high as 1-1.5 m and has a plurality of lateral branches, the camellia oleifera is required to be shaped and pruned, and the shaping and pruning are carried out after winter to before frightening, so that the tree form of the main stem of the camellia oleifera is not too long and weak, and no bud is left on the retained branch; tending for at least once within 1 year after afforestation, wherein the time is 9-10 months, and from the 2 nd year, tending for 2 times every year, the first time is 5-6 months, and the second time is 9-10 months;
fruit harvesting: generally, harvesting begins three days before the mature period of the oil-tea camellia fruits on the oil-tea camellia trees and finishes harvesting 7 days after the mature period; during picking, the flower buds and branches need to be protected; the stacking height of the picked fruits is not more than 50 cm, the stacking time is not more than 6 days, and the fruits are threshed and dried in the sun in time and pressed in time.
2. The camellia oleifera cultivation method capable of improving the quality of camellia seeds according to claim 1, wherein: in the fertilizing process, the compound fertilizer is formed by mixing a compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture, a propineb mixture and a macroelement water according to a proportion, wherein the macroelement water contains 8% of a nitrate-containing nitrogen substance, 12% of a phosphorus pentoxide substance, 30% of a potassium oxide substance, 0.5% of a zinc substance, 0.1% of a boron substance, a calcium substance and a magnesium substance; the compound sodium nitrophenolate mixture comprises a water solvent, 0.6 percent of sodium o-nitrophenolate, 0.9 percent of sodium p-nitrophenolate and 0.3 percent of sodium 5-nitro-o-methoxyphenolate; the propineb mixture contains a powder of wettable powder.
3. The camellia oleifera cultivation method capable of improving the quality of camellia seeds according to claim 1, wherein: before fertilization, weeds around the camellia oleifera are removed, the fertilization time is applied before the camellia oleifera starts to sprout in spring and before the camellia oleifera starts to germinate and differentiate quickly in summer, generally, 20-25 cm ditches are dug at the periphery of tree crowns, poultry organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the ditches, then the ditches are covered with soil, and a proper amount of water is poured.
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Application publication date: 20211207 |