CN113604970A - 一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113604970A
CN113604970A CN202110915385.4A CN202110915385A CN113604970A CN 113604970 A CN113604970 A CN 113604970A CN 202110915385 A CN202110915385 A CN 202110915385A CN 113604970 A CN113604970 A CN 113604970A
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程丝
于嘉诚
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Abstract

一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法,属于聚合物介电材料领域。本发明所得三明治结构的聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜,包含三层结构,依次为聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜层/聚偏氟乙烯‑聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维膜层/聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜层。本发明通过对材料结构的调整,同时引入含氟聚合物和多孔结构,从而使聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜的介电常数和介电损耗大幅度降低。

Description

一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物介电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着5G通信技术的发展,对材料提出了更高要求。研究表明,与传统移动通信模式相比,5G信号传送的高频和高速化会使信号传输的损耗变得更严重。要想满足5G要求,需要材料具有更低的介电常数(Dk)和介电损耗(Df)。普通纯聚酰亚胺薄膜在4G通讯领域得到广泛应用,但其介电常数(3.4)和介电损耗(0.02)比较大,难以适应5G高频、高速信号传输需求。要想满足5G应用要求,需对聚酰亚胺进行改性处理,从而获得低介电的改性聚酰亚胺(MPI)。目前,市场上商品化的MPI其介电常数通常在2.8-3.2,介电损耗多在0.0025-0.006之间。
目前,改性聚酰亚胺基材MPI的结构设计的主要方法包括两种:(1)聚酰亚胺的多层次结构设计:引入低极化能力的取代基团,如三氟甲基、脂环结构、硅氧烷结构单元等,以降低分子中偶极子的极化能力;(2)聚酰亚胺的微观形貌改性:引入微纳孔结构,增加孔隙率。由于氟原子及含氟取代基的摩尔极化度P值较小,因此在材料中引入高含量的氟元素能使PI的介电常数明显下降。目前的低介电含氟聚酰亚胺(FPI)主要是基于商业化含氟二酐如4,4′-(六氟异丙烯)双邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)或含氟二胺、2,2′-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基苯基)]六氟丙烷(BDAF)单体的PI材料。但含氟单体价格昂贵,合成困难,且大量的低表面能的含氟基团会导致聚酰亚胺膜表面与后续应用中铜箔的粘接性能下降,不利于后续使用。所以FPI的制备过程,需要控制含氟单体的加入量。而向PI薄膜内部引入微孔来降低介电常数通常会导致薄膜的机械强度下降和吸水率的增加。
专利CN200610131651.X利用静电纺丝法制备了多种单一组分的具有大孔隙率的低介电常数高分子纤维膜,所得膜的介电常数在1.53-2.23之间,但在实际研究中发现,因为单一的聚酰亚胺纤维膜介电常数降低有限,吸水率依旧偏高,而且膜的强度偏低。另外,该专利并没有涉及介电损耗,而高频下材料的介电损耗会变得更严重。因此为适应高频下应用,低的介电损耗比低介电常数更为重要。专利CN202011023007.7制备了上下两层为含笼型聚倍半硅氧烷的蜂巢状多孔结构和中间层为聚酰亚胺平膜的三明治型结构,实现降低聚酰亚胺薄膜介电常数的同时,保持了薄膜的力学性能。但其介电常数下降有限,同时由于微孔结构的引入,吸水率依旧很大。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法。
一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米复合纤维膜,所述复合纳米纤维膜包括两层聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜和设置在两层聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜中间的聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维膜。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述纳米复合纤维膜的介电常数为1.11-2.36;介电损耗在0.001-0.005;吸水率在0.5%-1%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,包括以下步骤,
步骤1:采用静电纺丝技术,先将聚酰亚胺酸溶液进行电纺得到聚酰亚胺酸电纺膜,而后将聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液直接电纺在上述所得到的聚酰亚胺酸电纺膜上,得到上层为聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯电纺膜、下层为聚酰亚胺酸电纺膜的复合电纺膜,再将聚酰亚胺酸溶液直接电纺在上述复合电纺膜的聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯电纺膜另一侧,得到三明治结构复合膜;
步骤2:将步骤1中所述三明治结构复合膜加热进行热亚胺化,得到所述复合纳米纤维膜。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1中,所述聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液通过以下方法制备得到:
将N-N二甲基甲酰胺或/和N-N二甲基乙酰胺与丙酮进行混合得到混合有机溶剂;
将聚四氟乙烯粉末与聚偏氟乙烯粉末加入到混合有机溶剂中,在室温下搅拌2-4小时,得到所述聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液。其中聚四氟乙烯粉末的尺寸在20nm-5μm。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述聚四氟乙烯微粉末与聚偏氟乙烯粉末质量比为0.5:1-1:1。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述N-N二甲基甲酰胺或/和N-N二甲基乙酰胺与丙酮的质量比为0.5:1-2:1。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1中,所述聚酰亚胺酸溶液的配制方法为将聚酰亚胺酸与N-N二甲基乙酰胺溶液的质量比为0.5:1~1.5:1混合,在80℃下加热搅拌30min,直至完全混合均匀。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1中,所述聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液的质量浓度为6%-12%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1中,所述聚酰亚胺酸溶液、聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液与聚酰亚胺酸溶液的体积比为1:0.5:1~1:2:1。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1中,所述电纺参数为电压为9-15KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为8-12cm,供料速度0.5-2mL/h。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤2中,所述热亚胺化的条件为:30-60min内升温到350-380℃,在350-380℃下保温15-30min,冷却至室温25℃。
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明的优势在于静电纺丝技术引入了无规交错的PI和PVDF/PTFE纳米纤维,在引入含氟聚合物和微纳孔洞结构的同时具有纳米纤维的骨架结构,能充分保证纳米纤维薄膜的力学性能和低的吸湿性。三明治结构可以将含氟基团控制在薄膜内部,在降低介电常数的同时维持了薄膜外表面的粘结性能。此外,氟基团的引入还能提高薄膜的疏水性能,改善薄膜因吸湿造成介电性能发生劣化的情况。
本发明所述三明治结构超低介电常数膜的制备方法由电纺制备三明治结构薄膜及加热亚胺化处理两个关键步骤制得,所制备的样品具有优良的介电性能和物理机械性能,改善了常规静电纺丝聚酰亚胺薄膜力学性能,降低了介电常数、介电损耗和过高的吸水率。
本发明的特殊的三明治结构超低介电常数膜,具有致密多孔结构,中间疏水含氟层的引入可避免了单一聚酰亚胺电纺膜介电常数较高和吸水率偏大的缺点。按照本发明的制备工艺,可以得到具有三明治结构的超低介电常数膜,且制备工艺易于实现。本发明的超低介电膜由于低的介电常数和优良的耐热、疏水等性能使其能够作为高性能绝缘材料应用于5G领域。
本发明直接利用分段静电纺丝技术,制备三层薄膜,在各层之间形成了纤维可形成互穿网络,各层之间粘结牢固。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解,下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明,其中
图1是本发明实施例1相应的产品的实物图。
图2是本发明实施例1相应的电纺层的扫描电镜照片。
图3是本发明实施例1相应的电纺膜的介电常数和介电损耗谱图。
图4是本发明对照例1相应的电纺膜的介电常数和介电损耗谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
1)将20g聚酰亚胺酸溶于20g DMAC溶液,在80℃下加热搅拌30min,直至完全混合均匀,获得聚酰亚胺酸纺丝液。分别取0.6g聚四氟乙烯微纳粉、0.6g聚偏氟乙烯微粉、4.4gDMF、4.4g丙酮,先将DMF与丙酮混合均匀,然后依次加入聚四氟乙烯微纳粉和聚偏氟乙烯微粉,在室温下搅拌3h,充分混合均匀,制得聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液。
2)利用静电纺丝装置,先纺4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液,制成电纺膜,再将4mL聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液直接电纺在聚酰亚胺电纺膜膜上,最后再将4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液纺成电纺膜,获得三明治结构复合膜。其中聚酰亚胺酸电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为15KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为10cm,供料速度1mL/h。聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为12KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为12cm,供料速度1mL/h。
3)将三明治结构薄膜整理平整,放入烘箱中进行热亚胺化。设置烘箱运行程序,首先在30min内将烘箱温度升至350℃进行初步亚胺化,然后在350℃下保温15min,使聚酰亚胺酸进一步转变为聚酰亚胺,最后冷却至室温获得聚酰亚胺/聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯/聚酰亚胺三明治薄膜。
介电性能测试:采用Novocontrol CONCEPT 80型号的宽频介电阻抗谱仪对所得膜进行介电常数和介电损耗的测试。室温25℃,频率范围控制在10-107Hz。
实施例2
1)将20g聚酰亚胺酸溶于20g DMAC溶液,在80℃下加热搅拌30min,直至完全混合均匀,获得聚酰亚胺酸纺丝液。分别取0.6g聚四氟乙烯微纳粉、0.6g聚偏氟乙烯微粉、4.4gDMF、4.4g丙酮,先将DMF与丙酮混合均匀,然后依次加入聚四氟乙烯微纳粉和聚偏氟乙烯微粉,在室温下搅拌3h,充分混合均匀,制得聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液。
2)利用静电纺丝装置,先纺4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液,制成电纺膜,再将2mL聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液直接电纺在聚酰亚胺电纺膜膜上,最后再将4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液纺成电纺膜,获得三明治结构复合膜。其中聚酰亚胺酸电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为15KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为10cm,供料速度1mL/h。聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为12KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为12cm,供料速度1mL/h。
3)将三明治结构薄膜整理平整,放入烘箱中进行热亚胺化。设置烘箱运行程序,首先在30min内将烘箱温度升至350℃进行初步亚胺化,然后在350℃下保温15min,使聚酰亚胺酸进一步转变为聚酰亚胺,最后冷却至室温获得聚酰亚胺/聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯/聚酰亚胺三明治薄膜。
介电性能测试:采用Novocontrol CONCEPT 80型号的宽频介电阻抗谱仪对所得膜进行介电常数和介电损耗的测试。室温25℃,频率范围控制在10-107Hz。
实施例3
1)将20g聚酰亚胺酸溶于20g DMAC溶液,在80℃下加热搅拌30min,直至完全混合均匀,获得聚酰亚胺酸纺丝液。分别取0.6g聚四氟乙烯微纳粉、0.6g聚偏氟乙烯微粉、4.4gDMF、4.4g丙酮,先将DMF与丙酮混合均匀,然后依次加入聚四氟乙烯微纳粉和聚偏氟乙烯微粉,在室温下搅拌3h,充分混合均匀,制得聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液。
2)利用静电纺丝装置,先纺4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液,制成电纺膜,再将8mL聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液直接电纺在聚酰亚胺电纺膜膜上,最后再将4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液纺成电纺膜,获得三明治结构复合膜。其中聚酰亚胺酸电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为15KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为10cm,供料速度1mL/h。聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为12KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为12cm,供料速度1mL/h。
3)将三明治结构薄膜整理平整,放入烘箱中进行热亚胺化。设置烘箱运行程序,首先在30min内将烘箱温度升至350℃进行初步亚胺化,然后在350℃下保温15min,使聚酰亚胺酸进一步转变为聚酰亚胺,最后冷却至室温获得聚酰亚胺/聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯/聚酰亚胺三明治薄膜。
介电性能测试:采用Novocontrol CONCEPT 80型号的宽频介电阻抗谱仪对所得膜进行介电常数和介电损耗的测试。室温25℃,频率范围控制在10-107Hz。
实施例4
1)将20g聚酰亚胺酸溶于20g DMAC溶液,在80℃下加热搅拌30min,直至完全混合均匀,获得聚酰亚胺酸纺丝液。分别取0.3g聚四氟乙烯微纳粉、0.6g聚偏氟乙烯微粉、4.4gDMF、4.4g丙酮,先将DMF与丙酮混合均匀,然后依次加入聚四氟乙烯微纳粉和聚偏氟乙烯微粉,在室温下搅拌3h,充分混合均匀,制得聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯纺丝液。
2)利用静电纺丝装置,先纺4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液,制成电纺膜,再将8mL聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液直接电纺在聚酰亚胺电纺膜膜上,最后再将4mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液纺成电纺膜,获得三明治结构复合膜。其中聚酰亚胺酸电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为15KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为10cm,供料速度1mL/h。聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为12KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为12cm,供料速度1mL/h。
3)将三明治结构薄膜整理平整,放入烘箱中进行热亚胺化。设置烘箱运行程序,首先在30min内将烘箱温度升至350℃进行初步亚胺化,然后在350℃下保温15min,使聚酰亚胺酸进一步转变为聚酰亚胺,最后冷却至室温获得聚酰亚胺/聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯/聚酰亚胺三明治薄膜。
介电性能测试:采用Novocontrol CONCEPT 80型号的宽频介电阻抗谱仪对所得膜进行介电常数和介电损耗的测试。室温25℃,频率范围控制在10-107Hz。
对比例1
1)将20g聚酰亚胺酸溶于20g DMAC溶液,在80℃下加热搅拌30min,直至完全混合均匀,获得聚酰亚胺酸纺丝液。
2)利用静电纺丝装置,纺制10mL聚酰亚胺酸溶液,制成电纺膜。聚酰亚胺酸电纺液静电纺丝过程中所采用的纺丝参数为:电压为15KV,喷丝头与接收基板的距离为10cm,供料速度1mL/h。
3)将聚酰亚胺酸薄膜整理平整,放入烘箱中进行热亚胺化。设置烘箱运行程序,首先在30min内将烘箱温度升至350℃进行初步亚胺化,然后在350℃下保温15min,使聚酰亚胺酸进一步转变为聚酰亚胺,最后冷却至室温获得纯聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜。
介电性能测试:采用Novocontrol CONCEPT 80型号的宽频介电阻抗谱仪对所得膜进行介电常数和介电损耗的测试。室温25℃,频率范围控制在10-107Hz。
上述实施例和对比例在1MHz频率下的介电常数和介电损耗值汇总于表1,经过对比发现,纯聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜的介电常数和介电损耗与本发明相比均偏高,证明引入聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维层确实具有降低介电常数和介电损耗的效果。
表1实施例和对比例的介电常数和介电损耗值对比(@1MHz)
样品 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 对比例1
介电常数 1.38 2.36 1.11 1.54 2.45
介电损耗 0.0038 0.0175 0.0041 0.0033 0.045
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,所述复合纳米纤维膜包括两层聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜和设置在两层聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜中间的聚偏氟乙烯-聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,所述纳米复合纤维膜的介电常数为1.11-2.36;介电损耗在0.001-0.005;吸水率在0.5%-1%。
3.一种三明治结构聚酰亚胺复合纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
步骤1:采用静电纺丝技术,先将聚酰亚胺酸溶液进行电纺得到聚酰亚胺酸电纺膜,而后将聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液电纺在上述所得聚酰亚胺酸电纺膜上,得到复合电纺膜,再将聚酰亚胺酸溶液电纺在所述复合电纺膜的聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯电纺膜另一侧,得到三明治结构复合膜;
步骤2:将步骤1中所述三明治结构复合膜加热进行热亚胺化,得到所述复合纳米纤维膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液通过以下方法制备得到:
将N-N二甲基甲酰胺或/和N-N二甲基乙酰胺与丙酮进行混合得到混合有机溶剂;
将聚四氟乙烯粉末与聚偏氟乙烯粉末加入到混合有机溶剂中,在室温下搅拌2-4小时,得到所述聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯粉末与聚偏氟乙烯粉末质量比为0.5:1-1:1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述N-N二甲基甲酰胺或/和N-N二甲基乙酰胺与丙酮的质量比为0.5:1-2:1。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述聚酰亚胺酸溶液的配制方法为将聚酰亚胺酸与N-N二甲基乙酰胺溶液的质量比为0.5:1~1.5:1混合,加热搅拌直至完全混合均匀。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液的质量浓度为6%-12%。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述聚酰亚胺酸溶液、聚四氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯混合溶液与聚酰亚胺酸溶液的体积比为1:0.5:1~1:2:1。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述热亚胺化的条件为:30-60min内升温到350-380℃,在350-380℃下保温15-30min,冷却至室温25℃。
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CN115161882A (zh) * 2022-07-14 2022-10-11 苏州凯姆勒绝缘材料有限公司 一种低介电聚酰亚胺/聚四氟乙烯微球复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法
CN115161882B (zh) * 2022-07-14 2024-02-27 苏州凯姆勒绝缘材料有限公司 一种低介电聚酰亚胺/聚四氟乙烯微球复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法

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