CN1132817C - 制备杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法 - Google Patents

制备杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法 Download PDF

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CN1132817C
CN1132817C CN98118440A CN98118440A CN1132817C CN 1132817 C CN1132817 C CN 1132817C CN 98118440 A CN98118440 A CN 98118440A CN 98118440 A CN98118440 A CN 98118440A CN 1132817 C CN1132817 C CN 1132817C
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M·克内尔
M·布林克
J·H·韦弗斯
W·海因茨
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备式I所示杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法,式中,A1至A5、R1、Hal和X的定义见说明书,该方法包括以下步骤:a)将基本上由式II的杂芳基三氯甲烷化合物与1.0-1.5当量的浓硫酸组成的混合物加热,式中,A1至A5和Hal的定义同前b)任意地在稀释剂和/或碱的存在下,将在步骤(a)得到的中间体产物与式III的胺或醇反应,HXR1 III式中,X和R1的定义同前。

Description

制备杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法
杂芳基甲酰胺和酯是制备各种可用作农用化学品和医药品的合适中间体,尤其是,它们是制备芳氧基杂芳基甲酰胺类除草剂的关键中间体,所述除草剂例如在EP0447004A或WO94/27964中有叙述。
欧洲专利申请EP0646566A提示了三氯甲基杂芳烃与水会在氯化烃和路易斯酸的存在下水解,然后,所得杂芳基碳酰氯与胺反应。然而,该方法在速度和准确地添加等摩尔水的方面会产生问题。过量的水会导致所需的酰基氯化合物水解,从而降低产率。而且,使用氯化烃会产生环境问题,因而并不可取,且该方法需要大量的溶剂。此外,需要用水/1,2-二氯乙烷进行非常长时间的反应(24小时)。
也已知道,吡啶甲酸可通过相应的(三氯甲基)吡啶化合物在强酸(如硫酸或硝酸)中水解而制得(美国专利No.3,317,549)。在德国专利申请DE2840924揭示的一种方法中,用浓硫酸或发烟硫酸处理三卤甲苯。该方法产生苯甲酰卤与卤磺酰苯甲酰卤的混合物。
本发明提供一种有效且高效率地制备式I所示杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法,式中,基团A1、A2、A3、A4和A5中的一个或二个表示氮原子,其他基团各独立地表示CR3,Hal表示卤原子,X表示氧或NR2,R1表示任意取代的烷基、芳基、杂芳基或环烷基,R2表示氢原子或烷基,或R1和R2与在中间的环一起形成杂环基,R1各独立地表示氢原子或烷基,
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)将基本上由式II的杂芳基三氯甲烷化合物与1.0-1.5当量的浓硫酸组成的混合物加热,
Figure C9811844000061
式中,Hal和A1至A5的定义同前,
b)任意地在稀释剂和/或碱的存在下,将在步骤(a)得到的中间体产物与式III的胺或醇反应,
                        HXR1       III式中,X和R1的定义同前。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种新的、高效率高产率地制备高纯度的杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法。
本发明的另一个方面是一种制备式VI的(杂)芳氧基杂芳基甲酰胺或酯的方法,式中,A1至A5、R1和X的定义同前,R4表示任意取代的芳基或杂芳基,
该方法中,式I的杂芳基甲酰胺或酯或它们的盐由式II的三氯甲基杂芳族化合物制得,并任意地在碱的存在下与式VII的芳族或杂芳族羟基化合物反应,
                      R4-OH        VII式中,R4的定义同前。
通过下面的描述和所附的权利要求书,本领域的技术人员将能够明白本发明的其他目的和优点。
式II的杂芳基三氯甲烷化合物包括被一个三氯甲基、一个卤原子和任意地被一个至三个烷基取代的吡啶、嘧啶和吡嗪。优选式IIa的吡啶:式中,R3表示氢原子或烷基,Hal表示卤原子,优选氯原子;尤其优选式IIal的化合物:式中,Hal和R3的定义同前;最优选的是式IIal化合物中Hal为Cl、R3为H的2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP)。
除非另有说明,一般地,本文中涉及R1或R4而使用的术语“任意取代的烷基、芳基、杂芳基或环烷基”是指任意地被一个或多个卤原子、硝基、氰基、烷基(较好的是C1-C6烷基)、烷氧基(较好的是C1-C6烷氧基)或卤代烷基(较好的是C1-C6卤代烷基)取代的烷基、苯基、吡啶、嘧啶或C3-C8环烷基。
通常,优选被至少一个吸电子基团,尤其是被一个或多个卤原子、硝基、氰基或卤代烷基取代的芳族或杂芳族基团。
除非另有说明,一般地,本文中涉及基团或部分而使用的术语“烷基”或“卤代烷基”是指直链或支链的基团或部分。通常,这些基团具有可达10,尤其是可达6个的碳原子。典型地,烷基或卤代烷基具有1-6个碳原子,较好的是,具有1-3个碳原子。优选的烷基是甲基、乙基或异丙基。
若R1和R2与在中间的环一起形成杂环基,其最好是具有5-8个成环原子的杂环基,优选哌啶-1-基或吗啉-1-基。
较好的卤代烷基是式-(CX2)n-Y的多-或全卤化烷基,式中,n是1-10,较好的是1-6,尤其好的是1-3的整数,X表示氟或氯,Y表示氢或X。较好的全卤化烷基是五氟乙基,尤其是二氟甲基或三氟甲基。
被任意取代的部分可以是未被取代的,或可以有一个至最大可能数目的取代基。典型地,有0-2个取代基。
本发明方法的更优选的实施方式是这样的方法,其中:
在约110-150℃将浓硫酸缓慢地加入到式II化合物中(步骤a);
将式II的杂芳基三氯甲烷化合物与1.0-1.5当量的浓硫酸的混合物保持在约110-150℃(步骤a);
将在步骤a)中形成的中间体产物以熔融状态加入到式III的胺或醇中(步骤b);
用含水量小于3重量%的浓硫酸处理杂芳基三氯甲烷化合物;
用具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链的脂族醇,尤其是用乙醇或异丙醇处理在步骤a)中形成的中间体产物(步骤b);
若步骤a)的中间体未用醇处理过,则在作为碱的叔胺和作为稀释剂的芳烃的存在下进行步骤b)的反应;
若步骤a)的中间体已用醇处理过(步骤b),则在作为碱的金属烷氧化物和作为稀释剂的芳烃的存在下进行与式III的胺的反应;
在步骤a)中形成的中间体产物包括式IV和/或V的化合物或它们的结构同分异构体;或较好地,该中间体基本上由式IVa1和/或式Va1的化合物组成
当X表示NR2时,R1宜是被一个或二个卤原子和/或卤代烷基取代的苯基,R2宜是氢原子。
本发明的另一个方面是从根据本发明而得到的式I的杂芳基甲酰胺或酯或它们的盐制备式VI的(杂)芳氧基杂芳基甲酰胺或酯的方法。
本发明的制备式VI化合物的方法的更优选的实施方式是这样的方法,其中:
将根据本发明而得到的式I的杂芳基甲酰胺或酯或它们的盐与式VII的芳族或杂芳族羟基化合物反应,无需进一步纯化;或
将式I(式中X=NH)的杂芳基甲酰胺的盐用式VII的醇进行处理;
该方法包括以下步骤:
在碱的存在下用式VII的醇处理式I(式中X=氧)的酯,尤其是式IA的化合物,并在碱的存在下用式III的胺处理所得式VI(式中X=氧)的酯,尤其是式VIA的酯,式中,R1表示异丙基,
Figure C9811844000092
式中,R4的定义同前,R1表示异丙基。
式I和VI的酯(其中X表示氧)中,部分是已知的,部分是新的。因此,本发明涉及式I和IV的新颖的酯(较好的是,其中的R1表示异丙基),尤其涉及式IA和IVA的新颖的化合物。
本发明中,反应步骤(a)一般在没有溶剂的条件下进行。反应温度则为环境温度至反应混合物完全熔融的温度,较好的约为100-160℃的较高温度,更好的约为110-150℃,最好约为135℃。通常,反应可在减压或升压的条件下进行,但最好在环境压力下进行。
在特别优选的实施方式中,在约100-130℃(尤其是在约110-125℃),将0.5当量的硫酸(约98%重量)加入到式II的化合物(较好的是式IIa的化合物,尤其是2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP))中。然后在约110-140℃(尤其是在月120-135℃)加入剩余量的硫酸(约0.5当量)。通常,用约2-6小时将所有的硫酸加入到式II的化合物中。接着,最好将反应混合物在110-140℃进行搅拌。
在本发明方法的另一特别优选的实施方式中,在110-140℃,尤其是在约135℃,于约1.5-4.0小时内将1.1-1.4当量(尤其是约1.3当量)的硫酸(约98重量%)加入到式II(较好的是式IIa)的三氯甲基杂芳族化合物(尤其是2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP))中。然后,将反应混合物在该较佳的温度范围内保持2-4小时。
在这些较佳的反应条件下,步骤(a)的反应通常在约3-8小时,尤其是在约4-6小时内完成。
将所得的包含式IV和/或V的化合物或它们的互变异构体的反应混合物以熔融状态或用惰性溶剂稀释后加入到式III的胺或醇中。用于稀释所得式IV和/或V中间体的较佳的溶剂是高极性的溶剂,例如,硝基烷烃(如硝基乙烷)。在优选的实施方式中,将包含式IV和/或V中间体的熔融的物质移入式III的胺或醇中。
本发明的反应步骤(b)可在没有或有稀释剂的条件下进行,所述稀释剂可促进反应进行或至少不会干扰反应。较佳的稀释剂是非极性的溶剂,合适的有脂族烃(如己烷或环己烷)、卤化烃(如二氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷)或芳烃(如甲苯或二甲苯)或它们的混合物。当在步骤(a)中形成的中间体与式III的醇(X=氧)反应时,反应通常用过量的该醇进行。一般地,与式III(X=NR2)的胺的反应在碱的存在下进行。合适的碱有有机叔胺,如三烷基胺,尤其是三乙胺。反应温度则为环境温度至反应混合物的回流温度,较好的约为50-140℃的较高温度,更好的约为60-120℃,最好约为80℃。
步骤(b)的反应可在减压或升压的条件下进行,但最好在环境压力下进行。
在这些较佳的反应条件下,反应通常在约0.5-5小时,尤其是在约1-4小时内完成。
或者,在步骤(a)得到的中间体产物可用过量的式III的醇进行处理,或在惰性稀释剂(如甲苯)的存在下进行处理,式III的醇较好的是具有1-6个,尤其是1-3个碳原子的脂族醇,最好是乙醇或异丙醇。与式III(X=氧)醇的步骤(b)的反应一般在约0-120℃进行,较好的是在约20-85℃的较高温度进行,尤其是在约40-70℃进行,最好在约65℃进行。
最好将所得式I(式中X=氧)的酯在碱和惰性稀释剂的存在下与式III的胺反应,所述稀释剂可促进反应或至少不会干扰反应。较佳的碱是金属烷氧化物,如甲醇钠或乙醇钠。较佳的稀释剂是非极性溶剂,尤其是脂族烃(如己烷或环己烷)、卤化烃(如二氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷)或芳烃(如甲苯或二甲苯)或这些溶剂的任一种的混合物。
当在将式I的酯转变成式I的酰胺的步骤中使用式III(式中R2=H)的伯胺时,形成式I′的盐:
Figure C9811844000111
式中,A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、Hal个R2的定义同前。
所得的式I的杂芳基甲酰胺或酯可用标准方法进行纯化,例如,可使用结晶法或色谱法,尤其是可使用结晶法。然而,由于用本发明的方法得到的式I化合物的纯度较高,因此,也可不经进一步纯化而直接使用得到的产物来制备式VI的(杂)芳氧基杂芳基甲酰胺或酯。
在本发明的优选的方法中,通过式I的酯与式III(R2=H)的伯胺反应而得到的式I′的盐直接转化成式VI的化合物而不另外使用任何碱。
在本发明的尤其优选的实施方式中,在约135℃用约2-4小时将浓硫酸(98重量%)加入到式II的化合物(尤其是2-氯-6-三氯甲基-吡啶(NP))中。将所得混合物在约135℃搅拌约2-4小时。在60℃以下的温度,将所得的由中间体IVa和Va混合物组成的熔融物质加入到由芳烃(尤其是甲苯或二甲苯)与3当量的醇(尤其是乙醇或异丙醇)组成的混合物中。用水洗涤所得反应混合物。在约70-100℃,往该溶液中加入式III的伯胺(0.9-1.2当量)(较好的是卤代苯胺,尤其是4-氟苯胺),然后加入烷氧化钠(尤其是甲醇钠/甲醇)并搅拌约1-3小时。然后蒸去溶剂。高得率地得到式I′的钠盐,为在芳烃中的混合物,将其直接用于制备式VI的化合物(较好的是N-(卤代苯基)2-(卤代烷基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺,尤其是N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺)而无需进一步纯化。
较好的是,任意地在碱和惰性稀释剂的存在下,用式VII的醇对根据本发明得到的式I或I′的化合物进行处理,所述式VII的醇较好的是其中的R4表示取代的苯基(尤其是卤代烷基苯基)的芳族醇,最好是3-三氟甲基苯酚。
优选的碱是金属烷氧化物或金属氢氧化物,如甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。优选非极性溶剂或极性的非质子传递溶剂,较佳的是脂族烃(如己烷或环己烷)、氯化烃如二氯甲烷或1、2-二氯乙烷)、芳烃(如甲苯或二甲苯)、酰胺(如二甲基甲酰胺、N.N-二甲基乙酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮)或这些溶剂的任何混合物。
式I或I′的化合物与式VII的醇的反应一般约在0-250℃进行,较好的是在约60-200℃的较高温度,尤其是在约140-180℃,最好在约160℃进行。
在特别优选的实施方式中,在约100-140℃,将式I化合物(尤其是根据本发明得到的在芳烃中的N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺)的溶液加入到碱(较好的是碱金属氢氧化物,尤其是氢氧化钾)、极性非质子传递溶剂(尤其是N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)和式VII的芳族醇(尤其是间(三氟甲基)苯酚)的混合物中。将所得混合物加热至约140-200℃并蒸去芳烃和在反应过程中形成的水。然后,将混合物在较高温度搅拌约1-4小时。减压下蒸去溶剂。用非极性溶剂(尤其是芳烃与脂族烃的混合物)稀释残余物,并用水或碱金属氢氧化物水溶液洗涤。分出水相并将其除去,将有机相干燥。滤取所形成的结晶,洗涤并在减压下于较高温度进行干燥。
在本发明的另一优选的实施方式中,将式I(X=氧)的酯与式VII的醇反应(步骤(c)),然后将所得的式VI(X=氧)的酯用式III(X=NR2)的胺进行处理(步骤(d))。
在本发明的此方面的尤其优选的实施方式中,在约20-85℃,将所得的由中间体IVa与Va的混合物组成的熔融物质加入到5-15当量醇(尤其是异丙醇)中。用芳烃稀释所得反应混合物,并水洗。
在120-160℃,将所得溶液加入到酚盐中,所述酚盐是通过在芳烃(尤其是二甲苯)中于100-140℃处理式VII的醇(1.01-1.30,尤其是约1.22当量醇钠)和醇钠(尤其是甲醇钠)在醇中的溶液(1.01-1.30,尤其是约1.22当量)而得到的(步骤(c))。较好的是,先蒸去过量的残余的醇,然后将式I的酯加入到酚盐中。将反应混合物加热至约140-160℃,并在该温度保持约2-8小时,使反应进行完全。在120-150℃,尤其是在约135℃,往所得反应混合物中加入式III的胺(较好的是卤代苯胺,尤其是4-氟苯胺,0.9-1.2当量),然后任意地用10-60分钟加入醇钠,尤其是加入甲醇钠溶液(催化量,较好的是0.05-0.20当量,尤其是约0.13当量),同时蒸去所用的醇(步骤(d))。将反应混合物在120-150℃(尤其是在约135℃)搅拌约1-4小时,使反应进行完全。
新方法可使杂芳基甲酰胺的生产以工业规模,用容易购得的试剂高产率地进行。
为帮助本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明,下面通过实施例举例说明。但本发明并不限于这些实施例中所描述的具体的实施方式,本发明的范围由所附的权利要求书所限定。
实施例1N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的制备〔式I化合物,其中A1是N,A2是Cl-C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H〕
用4小时将浓硫酸(98重量%,98.1g,1mol)加入到2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP,231g,1mol)中。50%的硫酸在120℃加入,38%的硫酸在125℃加入,12%的硫酸在130℃加入。将所得混合物在130℃搅拌40分钟。得到由>90%的中间体IVal与Val(其中R1是H,Hal是Cl)的混合物组成的粘性的熔融物质。
在20-100℃,于45分钟内将该物质加入到4-氟苯胺(122.0g,1.1mol)、三乙胺(202.0g,2mol)和甲苯(752g)的混合物中。将所得反应混合物加热至80-120℃并搅拌1小时。将混合物在80℃用500ml盐酸(7.5重量%)进行处理,并进行分相。对所得的N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺在甲苯中的溶液未作进一步的纯化而将其直接用于制备N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺。
实施例2N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的制备〔式I化合物,其中A1是N,A2是Cl-C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H〕
在135℃用3小时将浓硫酸(98重量%,127.5g,1.3mol)加入到2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP,231g,1mol)中。将所得混合物在135℃搅拌3小时。得到由以NP计,得率>95%的中间体IVal与Val(其中R1是H,Hal是Cl)的混合物组成的粘性的熔融物质。该中间体产物在1770cm-1有很强的红外吸收,表明有碳酰氯基团。13C-NMR(TMS/硝基甲烷-d3):6=130.2(CH-5),135.3(CH-3),143.7(C-2),151.4(CCl-6),151.5(CH-4),164.1(C=O)ppm。在20-80℃,用45分钟将该物质加入到4-氟苯胺(166.4g,1.5mol)、三乙胺(202.0g,2mol)和甲苯(752g)的混合物中。将所得反应混合物加热至80-120℃并搅拌1小时。将混合物在80℃用500ml盐酸(1.0重量%)进行处理,并进行分相。对所得的N-(4-氟苯基)2-氧-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺在甲苯中的溶液未作进一步的纯化而将其直接用于制备N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺。
实施例3N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的制备〔式I化合物,其中A1是N,A2是Cl-C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H〕
用6小时将浓硫酸(98重量%,310g,1当量)加入到2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP,730g,1当量)中。在120℃加入50%硫酸,在125℃加入35%硫酸,在130℃加入15%硫酸。将所得混合物在130℃搅拌30分钟。在80-90℃用硝基乙烷(500ml)稀释所得的粘性的熔融物质。在50-80℃,将所得溶液加入到4-氟苯胺(122.0g,1.1当量)、三乙胺(202.0g,2当量)和硝基乙烷(250ml)的混合物中。然后,将混合物加热至90℃并搅拌1小时。在70℃加入盐酸(10%,700ml)并分出水相。所得产物为在硝基甲烷中的溶液,未作进一步的纯化而将其直接用于制备N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺。
实施例4N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺钠盐的制备〔式I化合物,其中A1是N,A2是Cl-C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H〕
在135℃用3小时将浓硫酸(98重量%,127.5g,1.3mol)加入到2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP,231g,1mol)中。将所得混合物在135℃搅拌3小时。得到由以NP计,得率>95%的中间体IVal与Val(其中R1是H,Hal是Cl)的混合物组成的粘性的熔融物质。在60℃以下的温度,将该物质加入到甲苯(500ml)与3当量乙醇的混合液中。将所得的反应混合物用水洗涤2次。所得溶液含在甲苯中的30%(w/v)2-氯吡啶6-基甲酸乙酯,以NP计,得率为90%,在85℃往该溶液中依次加入4-氟苯胺(122.0g,1.1当量)和甲醇钠/甲醇(1.6当量;30%(w/v))并搅拌2小时,蒸去溶剂。所得钠盐的得率的95%,为在甲苯中的混合物,未作进一步的纯化而将其直接用于制备N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(实施例8)。实施例5N-(2,4-二氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-3-基甲酰胺的制备〔式I化合物,其中A2是N,A1是Cl-C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是2,4-二氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H〕
与在实施例1中的方法类似,将2-氯-3-三氯甲基吡啶(231g,1mol)用浓硫酸(98重量%,98.1g,1mol)进行处理,然后在三乙胺和甲苯的存在下与2,4-二氟苯胺(142.0g,1.1mol)进行反应。对所得的N-(2,4-二氟苯基)2-氯吡啶-3-基甲酰胺在甲苯中的溶液未作进一步的纯化而将其直接用于制备N-(2,4-二氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-3-基甲酰胺。
实施例62-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酸异丙酯的制备〔式I化合物,其中A1是N,A2是Cl-C,A3、A4和A5是CH,X是O,R1是异丙基〕
在135℃用3小时将浓硫酸(98重量%,510.2g,5.2mol)加入到2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(NP,924g,4mol)中。将所得混合物在135℃搅拌3小时。得到由以NP计,得率几乎定量的中间体IVal与Val(其中R1是H,Hal是Cl)的混合物组成的粘性的熔融物质。从环境温度开始用30分钟(在该期间温度升至60-65℃)将该物质加入到异丙醇(2145g)中。减压下用3小时蒸去残余的异丙醇。将所得的产物混合物加入到二甲苯(1800g)与水(1500g)的混合物中。加热至50℃后,即分出有机相并用水(1000g)洗涤。将所得有机相干燥并在减压(250毫巴)下蒸去二甲苯进行浓缩。所得产物(2070g)含在二甲苯中的2-氯吡啶-6-基甲酸异丙酯,以NP计,得率为88.4%,未作进一步的纯化而将其直接用于制备N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(实施例9和10)。
实施例7N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氢基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的制备〔式VI化合物,其中A1是N,A2是C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H,R4-O是与A2连接的三氟甲基苯氧基〕
在120℃,将根据实施例2得到的N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(13.5%,0.226mol)在甲苯中的溶液加入到氢氧化钾(19.8g,0.300mol)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(200ml)和间(三氟甲基)苯酚(0.291mol)的混合物中并进行搅拌,将所得的混合物加热至160℃并蒸去甲苯和在反应过程中形成的水。然后,将混合物在160℃搅拌2小时。减压(30毫巴)下在140℃蒸去溶剂。用二甲苯(150ml)和异辛烷(550ml)稀释残余物并在80℃水洗。分出并除去水相,将有机相干燥并用异辛烷(80ml)稀释,用4小时将其冷却至10℃。滤取所得结晶并用异辛烷洗涤,在45℃和100毫巴的条件下进行干燥。得到N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(73.2g),为白色固体,纯度97%,以实施例2中得到的酰胺计,总得率为83.5%。
用根据实施例3得到的N-(2,4-二氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-3-基甲酰胺在甲苯中的溶液,同样地得到N-(2,4-二氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-3-基甲酰胺。
实施例8N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的制备〔式VI化合物,其中A1是N,A2是C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H,R4-O是与A2连接的三氟甲基苯氧基〕
将间(三氟甲基)苯酚(0.291mol)加入到根据实施例4得到的N-(4-氟苯基)2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的钠盐(30%,0.226mol)与甲苯的混合物中,然后在80℃加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(200ml)并进行搅拌。减压下蒸去甲苯。接着,将混合物在160℃搅拌2小时。减压(30毫巴)下在140℃蒸去溶剂。用二甲苯(150ml)和异辛烷(550ml)稀释残余物并在80℃水洗。分出并除去水相,将有机相干燥并用异辛烷(80ml)稀释,用4小时将其冷却至10℃。滤取所得结晶并用异辛烷洗涤,在45℃和100毫巴的条件下进行干燥。得到N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(73.2g),为白色固体,纯度97%,以NP计,总得率为70.0%。
实施例92-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基碳酸异丙酯的制备〔式VI化合物,其中A1是N,A2是C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是异丙基,X是O,R2是H,R4-O是与A2连接的三氟甲基苯氧基〕
在120-110℃,用1小时将甲醇钠在甲醇中的30%溶液(212.5g;1.22当量NaOMe)加入到间(三氟甲基)苯酚(194.5g;1.24当量)在二甲苯(856g;8.31当量)中的溶液并同时蒸去甲醇。将所得酚盐混合物缓慢加热至140℃以除去残余的甲醇。在140℃,用30分钟将2-氯-吡啶-6-基甲酸异丙酯在二甲苯中的溶液(实施例6;194.5g CPAPE;0.97mol)加入到酚盐混合物中,然后进一步加热,蒸去二甲苯,将反应物温度控制在150-155℃并保持4-6小时,使反应进行完全。将所得反应混合物冷却至135℃并直接在实施例10中使用。
实施例10N(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺的制备〔式VI化合物,其中A1是N,A2是C,A3、A4和A5是CH,R1是4-氟苯基,X是NR2,R2是H,R4-O是与A2连接的三氟甲基苯氧基〕
在135℃,将4-氟苯胺(111.1g;1.03当量)加入到由实施例9得到的反应混合物中,然后用30分钟将所得混合物加入到30重量%甲醇钠溶液(24.3g;0.13当量)中并同时蒸去甲醇。将反应混合物在135℃搅拌2小时以使反应进行完全。然后在70℃,将反应混合物加入到异辛烷(1046g)与水(500g)的混合物中,使最终温度为80℃。分出并除去水相,在80℃用水(250g)洗涤有机相。在迪安-斯达克条件下,将所得的产物溶液共沸干燥,使最终的反应物温度为105-110℃。用5小时将产物溶液冷却至5℃,包括在68℃放入晶种。滤取结晶的产物,用异辛烷(410g)洗涤,在45℃和100毫巴的条件下干燥。得到N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(316.5g),为白色固体,纯度99.3%,以NP计,总得率为75.8%。比较例根据美国专利No.3,317,549,用硫酸处理NP
将20g 2-氯-6-三氟甲基吡啶(NP)与70g(7.9当量)浓硫酸的混合物加热至125-130℃并保持60分钟。将混合物冷却并用8g冰水稀释。然后,滤去所有固态物质并加入71ml水。待结晶和干燥后,即得到12.5g由92%的6-氯吡啶-2-基甲酸组成的白色固体。按EP0447004A所揭示的,将该产物用亚硫酰二氯、4-氟苯胺和间(三氟甲基)苯酚依次进行处理,得到N-(4-氟苯基)2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-吡啶-6-基甲酰胺(18.6g),总得率为65%。

Claims (18)

1.制备式I所示杂芳基甲酰胺和酯的方法,
Figure C9811844000021
式中,基团A1和A2中的一个表示氮原子,另一个表示CH,A3、A4和A5表示CH,Hal表示卤原子,X表示O或NH,R1表示可任意地被一个或多个卤原子、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C1-6卤代烷基取代的C1-6烷基或苯基,
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)将由式II的杂芳基三氯甲烷化合物与1.0-1.5当量的浓硫酸组成的混合物加热,
Figure C9811844000022
式中,Hal和A1至A5的定义同前
b)任意地在稀释剂和/或碱的存在下,将在步骤(a)得到的中间体产物与式III的胺或醇反应,
                          HXR1       III式中,X和R1的定义同前。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在110-150℃的温度下,将浓硫酸加入到式II的化合物中。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将在步骤a)中形成的中间体产物以熔融状态加入到式III的胺或醇中。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所用硫酸含小于3重量%的水。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤a)中形成的中间体产物包含式IV和/或式V的化合物或它们的结构同分异构体,
Figure C9811844000031
式中,基团A1、A2、A3、A4和A5和Hal的定义如权利要求1中所述。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
A1表示氮原子,Hal与A2连接。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
X表示氧。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,R1表示异丙基。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,X表示NH,R1表示被一个或二个卤原子和/或C1-6卤代烷基取代的苯基。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,在叔胺和作为稀释剂的芳烃的存在下,将在步骤a)得到的中间体用式III的胺进行处理。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,在金属烷氧化物和作为稀释剂的芳烃的存在下,将其中的X表示氧的式I的酯用式III的胺进行处理。
12.制备式VI的芳氧基杂芳基甲酰胺或酯的方法,式中,基团A1表示氮原子,A2、A3、A4和A5表示CH,X表示O或NH,R1表示可任意地被一个或多个卤原子、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C1-6卤代烷基取代的C1-6烷基或苯基,R4表示任意取代的芳基,
其特征在于,式I的杂芳基甲酰胺或酯或它们的盐系根据权利要求1由式II的三氯甲基杂芳族化合物制得,并任意地在碱的存在下与式VII的芳族或杂芳族羟基化合物反应,
                    R4-OH        VII式中,R4的定义同上。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,将根据权利要求1得到的式I的杂芳基甲酰胺或酯或它们的盐直接与式VII的芳族或杂芳族羟基化合物反应而无需进一步纯化。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,将式I的杂芳基甲酰胺的盐用式VII的醇进行处理。
15.如权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括在碱的存在下将其中的X表示O的式I的酯用式VII的醇进行处理的步骤和在碱的存在下将所得的式VI的酯用式III的胺进行处理的步骤。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,将式IA的化合物用式VII的醇进行处理,式中,R1表示异丙基。
17.式IA化合物,式中,R1表示异丙基。
18.式VIA化合物,
Figure C9811844000043
式中,R4表示可任意地被一个或多个卤原子、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C1-6卤代烷基取代的苯基,R1表示异丙基。
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