CN113260475B - 覆表面切削工具 - Google Patents
覆表面切削工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113260475B CN113260475B CN201980086054.5A CN201980086054A CN113260475B CN 113260475 B CN113260475 B CN 113260475B CN 201980086054 A CN201980086054 A CN 201980086054A CN 113260475 B CN113260475 B CN 113260475B
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- Prior art keywords
- coating layer
- tool
- cutting tool
- crystal
- coated cutting
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 compound nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
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- C04B35/597—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon oxynitride, e.g. SIALONS
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0617—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- B23B—TURNING; BORING
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
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Abstract
提供:高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性优异、工具寿命长的覆表面切削工具。覆表面切削工具在包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的表面具有包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层。复合氮化物用组成式:TiaAlbVcN表示的情况下,满足:0.25≤a≤0.35;0.64≤b≤0.74;0<c≤0.06 a+b+c=1(其中,a、b、c均为原子比)。其特征在于,对于覆盖层,X射线衍射中,观察到源自六方晶的峰和源自立方晶的峰。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种覆表面切削工具。
背景技术
下述专利文献1中,公开了一种用由(TiAlV)(CN)形成的硬质覆膜覆盖超硬合金的基体的技术。记载了如下内容:控制Ti、Al、V、C、N的添加量,将岩盐结构型的晶体结构作为主体,从而可以确保高强度。
下述专利文献2中,公开了一种用含有Al、Ti、Cr、N、O的硬质覆膜覆盖超硬合金的基体的技术。记载了如下内容:硬质覆膜具有NaCl型的晶体结构,(200)面衍射强度强于(111)面衍射强度的情况下,发挥优异的耐氧化性、耐磨性。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-034858号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2003-165003号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
近年来,从高能率加工的观点出发,高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性优异的切削工具的需求升高。高速区域内的切削加工中,存在由于产生的切削热而切削工具的刀尖成为高温的倾向。
专利文献1中,基体为超硬合金的情况下,通过抑制硬质覆膜的六方晶的生成,从而可以延长工具寿命。然而,基体为超硬合金的情况下,由于包含在高温下会软化的成分(Co等),因此,有由于高速区域内的切削热而产生工具损坏的担心。
另外,如专利文献2,硬质覆膜为立方晶单一相的情况下,硬质覆膜的耐热性不充分,有由于高速区域内的切削热而硬质覆膜的氧化反应进行的担心。硬质覆膜如果氧化,则担心硬质覆膜的硬度降低、切削工具的磨损进行。
本发明是鉴于上述实际情况而作出的,其目的在于,提供:高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性优异、工具寿命长的覆表面切削工具,能以以下的方式实现。
用于解决问题的方案
〔1〕一种覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,在包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的表面具有包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层,
前述复合氮化物用组成式:TiaAlbVcN表示的情况下,满足:
0.25≤a≤0.35
0.64≤b≤0.74
0<c≤0.06
a+b+c=1
(其中,a、b、c均为原子比),
对于前述覆盖层,X射线衍射中,观察到源自六方晶的峰和源自立方晶的峰。
该构成的覆表面切削工具中,实质上不含在高温下使工具基体软化的成分(Co等),从而可以抑制高速区域内的切削热所导致的工具损坏。
进而,用包含六方晶的覆盖层覆盖包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体,因此,通过六方晶所产生的热导率改善的作用,可以抑制刀尖的温度上升。因此,可以实现覆表面切削工具的长寿命化。
另外,由于覆盖层中混合存在有六方晶与立方晶,从而覆盖层的耐氧化温度(氧化开始温度)与立方晶单一相相比变高。因此,可以抑制高速区域内的切削热所导致的覆盖层的氧化反应,高速区域内的切削加工中的覆盖层的耐磨性改善。
该构成的覆表面切削工具中,在包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的表面具有包含特定的组成式的Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层,因此,六方晶与立方晶均衡性良好地混合存在(分散),可以兼顾基于六方晶的特性的效果与基于立方晶的特性的效果。
〔2〕根据〔1〕所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,
用X射线衍射测定前述覆盖层,
将前述六方晶的(100)面的峰强度设为IA、
前述立方晶的(200)面的峰强度设为IB时
峰强度比(IA/IB)的值为0.43以上且0.86以下。
峰强度比(IA/IB)的值如果为0.43以上且0.86以下的范围,则六方晶与立方晶均衡性良好地混合存在,可以兼顾基于六方晶的特性的效果与基于立方晶的特性的效果。
〔3〕根据〔1〕或〔2〕所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,前述覆盖层的X射线衍射中的峰强度最高的峰为立方晶的(200)面的峰。
峰强度最高的峰为立方晶的(200)面的峰的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的覆盖层的耐磨性改善。
〔4〕根据〔1〕~〔3〕中任一者所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,前述绝缘性颗粒为选自由Al2O3、赛隆、和氮化硅组成的组中的至少1种。
基体包含Al2O3、氮化硅、赛隆等绝缘性颗粒的构成中,上述构成中,高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性改善。
〔5〕根据〔1〕~〔4〕中任一者所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,前述工具基体借助钎焊材料被接合于底座,前述底座由超硬合金构成。
根据上述构成,例如通过在材料费用低于工具基体的底座上接合工具基体,从而可以确保上述切削特性且实现成本降低。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以提供:高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性优异、工具寿命长的覆表面切削工具。
附图说明
图1为嵌物的一例的立体图。
图2为在支架上装有嵌物的外径加工用切削工具的一例的俯视图。
图3的(A)为示出实施例1中的、基于X射线衍射的覆盖层的测定结果的说明图。图3的(B)为比较例3中的、基于X射线衍射的覆盖层的测定结果的说明图。
图4的(A)为表示工具基体和底座的构成的立体图。图4的(B)为表示嵌物的构成的立体图。
具体实施方式
1.覆表面切削工具的构成
覆表面切削工具在包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的表面具有包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层。复合氮化物用组成式:TiaAlbVcN表示的情况下,满足:
0.25≤a≤0.35
0.64≤b≤0.74
0<c≤0.06
a+b+c=1
(其中,a、b、c均为原子比)。
对于覆盖层,X射线衍射中,观察到源自六方晶的峰和源自立方晶的峰。
(1)工具基体
工具基体包含WC(碳化钨)晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒。工具基体是由WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒实质上形成的陶瓷烧结体,实质上不含在高温下会软化的成分。此处所谓在高温下会软化的成分是指,假定高速区域内的切削加工,可以示例熔点大致为1600℃以下的Co、Fe、Ni等金属。需要说明的是,陶瓷烧结体中,有时制造上不可避免地混入杂质。实质上不含是指,可以为完全不含,或也可以包含对工具基体的作用效果不带来影响的程度的微量(例如相当于不可避免的杂质的量)。
绝缘性颗粒没有特别限定,可以使其为选自由Al2O3(氧化铝)、赛隆、和氮化硅组成的组中的至少1种。本申请发明人等确认了,使用包含这些绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性改善。认为这是由于,包含上述绝缘性颗粒的工具基体中,在工具基体的表面涂覆覆盖层时,产生不均匀的电压分布,作为结果,对覆盖层施加的压缩应力产生了分布。推测:利用该应力分布,可以使覆盖层的晶体形成为六方晶与立方晶的混相。
WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的含量没有特别限定。将工具基体整体设为100vol%的情况下,WC的含量为20vol%~80vol%,可以使其余量为构成绝缘性颗粒的化合物(Al2O3、赛隆、氮化硅等)。WC的含量如果为20vol%以上,则工具基体的强度和硬度改善。另外,WC的含量如果为80vol%以下,则可以充分确保绝缘性颗粒的含量,以使涂覆覆盖层时的电压分布的样子为优选的样子。需要说明的是,本发明中,“vol%(体积%)”是指,将工具基体中所含的全部物质的体积的总量设为100%时的、各物质的比率。
(2)覆盖层
覆表面切削工具中的覆盖层形成于工具基体的表面。覆盖层包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物。复合氮化物用组成式:TiaAlbVcN表示的情况下,满足下述关系式。
0.25≤a≤0.35
0.64≤b≤0.74
0<c≤0.06
a+b+c=1
需要说明的是,覆盖层为实质上由同一元素构成的单层的覆盖层,在利用SEM(扫描型电子显微镜)的观察中,未观察到伴有构成元素的差异的界面。
上述组成式中的a为0.25≤a≤0.35、优选0.26≤a≤0.35。上述组成式中的b为0.64≤b≤0.74、优选0.64≤a≤0.70。上述组成式中的c为0<c≤0.06、优选0<c≤0.05、更优选0<c≤0.04。
a、b、c满足上述关系式的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的切削工具的耐磨性改善。
例如,上述组成式中,b的值如果变小,则覆盖层中的六方晶的比率变小(包括确认不到六方晶的生成的情况),b的值如果变大,则有覆盖层中的六方晶的比率变大的倾向。由此,通过使b的值为上述范围内,从而可以使立方晶和六方晶适度地混合存在于覆盖层,以形成兼具立方晶和六方晶二者的特性的覆盖层。需要说明的是,立方晶和六方晶二者的特性的详细情况如后述。
另外,覆盖层中,设为“0<c”,需要V成分。通过添加V,从而可以改善覆盖层与被削材的滑动性。V的氧化开始温度低,优先地吸附氧,形成V2O5。V2O5可以期待良好地保持覆盖层与被削材的滑动的效果。然而,如果成为“0.06<c”,则V2O5的效果成为支配性的,有导致覆盖层的硬度、和耐热性的降低的倾向。由此,通过设为“0<c≤0.06”,从而在维持覆盖层的硬度、和耐热性的状态下,可以良好地保持被削材的滑动。
包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层的厚度没有特别限定。从确保充分的耐磨性的方面出发,覆盖层的厚度优选0.5μm以上、更优选0.8μm以上、特别优选1.5μm以上。需要说明的是,覆盖层的厚度通常为10μm以下。
覆盖层的厚度可以如下测定:切断覆表面切削工具,对其截面利用SEM进行观察,从而可以测定。
覆盖层中混合存在有六方晶与立方晶。关于六方晶与立方晶混合存在的情况,可以通过覆盖层的X射线衍射而确认。图3中示出使用利用Cu-Kα射线的X射线衍射装置测得的X射线衍射的测定结果的一例。图3的横轴为峰位置的衍射角2θ。纵轴为衍射强度,将立方晶(200)的强度设为100。分别在下述位置观察到立方晶的(111)面、立方晶的(200)面、六方晶的(100)面的峰。根据这些位置处的峰的有无可以确认六方晶与立方晶的存在。图3的(A)所示的本发明的一例的覆盖层中,六方晶和立方晶混合存在,并且均观察到六方晶和立方晶的峰。另一方面,图3的(B)所示的、为本发明的范围外的组成的覆盖层中,不存在六方晶,在32.6°附近未观察到峰。需要说明的是,图3的(A)和图3的(B)中,“●(黑圆)”表示源自WC的峰。
·立方晶的(111)面的峰…37.7°
·立方晶的(200)面的峰…43.8°
·六方晶的(100)面的峰…32.6°
本实施方式中,用X射线衍射测定覆盖层,将六方晶的(100)面的峰强度设为IA、立方晶的(200)面的峰强度设为IB时,峰强度比(IA/IB)的值优选为以下的范围。即,峰强度比(IA/IB)的值优选0.43以上且0.86以下、更优选0.43以上且0.62以下。
峰强度比(IA/IB)的值表示六方晶相对于立方晶的存在比率,优选0.43以上且0.86以下。由上述WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒实质上形成的工具基材的硬度优异,而与超硬合金等相比,工具基体本身的散热性差,刀尖容易成为高温。因此,提高覆盖层的热导率是有效的。峰强度比(IA/IB)的值低于0.43时,立方晶的影响成为支配性的,覆盖层的硬度上升,但无法充分确保热导率,因此,覆盖层的耐氧化性降低。如此,高速区域内的切削热所导致的覆盖层的氧化反应得到促进,有高速区域内的切削加工中的覆盖层的耐磨性降低的担心。
另一方面,峰强度比(IA/IB)的值如果大于0.86,则六方晶的影响成为支配性的,覆盖层的热导率改善,但覆盖层的硬度降低,有覆盖层的耐磨性降低的担心。
峰强度比(IA/IB)的值如果为上述的范围内,则可以有效地兼顾基于六方晶的特性的效果与基于立方晶的特性的效果。
本实施方式中,覆盖层的X射线衍射中的峰强度最高的峰优选为立方晶的(200)面的峰。最强峰为立方晶的(200)面的峰的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的覆盖层的耐磨性改善。本申请发明人等发现:满足上述a、b、c的关系式的组成、且六方晶与立方晶混合存在的本实施方式的覆盖层中,立方晶的(200)面的峰能成为最强峰。而且确认了,与为本发明的范围外的组成、且具有立方晶的(111)面的峰成为最高峰的覆盖层的工具相比,本实施方式的工具的耐磨性优异。另外,本申请发明人等还获得了如下见解:具有包含Al的覆盖层的工具中,比立方晶的(111)面,在立方晶的(200)面优先取向时,覆膜密度相对变高,因此,耐磨性有效地改善。基于这些见解,本实施方式中,推测:最强峰为立方晶的(200)面的峰的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的覆盖层的耐磨性改善。需要说明的是,在立方晶的(200)面优先取向可以通过使覆盖层成膜时的温度为较高而实现。
(3)包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层以外的覆盖层
本实施方式的覆表面切削工具中,可以具有包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的单层的覆盖层以外的覆盖层(以下,称为“其他覆盖层”)。
作为其他覆盖层,没有特别限定,例如可以适合示例CrAlN。其他覆盖层的厚度没有特别限定。其他覆盖层可以位于比包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的单层的覆盖层还靠近内侧(工具基体侧),也可以位于比包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的单层的覆盖层还靠近外侧。另外,其他覆盖层的数量没有特别限定,可以为单层、多层,均可。另外,其他覆盖层为多层的情况下,同一组成的层可以进行层叠,或不同组成的层可以进行层叠。
(4)覆表面切削工具的种类
覆表面切削工具可以用于切削加工中使用的以往公知的各种切削工具。作为覆表面切削工具,可以适合示例旋削加工用或铣削加工用刀尖交换型尖端(切削嵌物、折叠式刀片)、钻、端铣刀、钢锯、切齿工具、铰刀、接头。需要说明的是,本发明的切削工具为广义的切削工具,是指进行旋削加工、铣削加工等的工具全部。
本实施方式的覆表面切削工具例如可以适合用作合金钢的高速加工中使用的切削工具。
图示覆表面切削工具的一例并进行说明。图1示出为覆表面切削工具的一例的嵌物1。图2示出装有嵌物1的外径加工用切削工具A。外径加工用切削工具A具备:外径加工用支架2、安装于其的嵌物1、和压紧嵌物1的压紧金属3。
图示覆表面切削工具的另一例并进行说明。图4的(B)示出为覆表面切削工具的一例的嵌物10。需要说明的是,图4的(B)中,为了便于说明,省略覆盖层,示意性绘制嵌物10。嵌物10为工具基体11被接合于底座13的接合体。上述覆盖层在工具基体11被接合于底座13的状态下、形成于工具基体11、11和底座13的表面。嵌物10的形状可以为长方体形状,为属于DNGA150408的形状。该嵌物10可以在底座13具有用于固定于支架的孔,也可以利用除此之外的固定结构固定于支架。
如图4的(A)所示,工具基体11为三棱柱形状,构成嵌物10中的刀尖部分。底座13的基本形状为长方体,在其2个顶点13A、13B,仅切去工具基体11的量。工具基体11、11在2个顶点13A、13B借助钎焊材料被接合。底座13包含超硬合金。作为该超硬合金,可以示例包含WC(碳化钨)与钴粘结剂者。
(5)实施方式的覆表面切削工具的效果
本实施方式的覆表面切削工具中,使工具基体为实质上不含在高温下会软化的成分者,从而可以抑制高速区域内的切削热所导致的工具损坏。
进而,用包含六方晶的覆盖层覆盖包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体,因此,刀尖的温度上升被抑制,可以实现覆表面切削工具的长寿命化。通常,包含热导率低的绝缘性颗粒的工具基体中,与超硬合金等相比,工具基体本身的散热性差,刀尖容易成为高温。本实施方式中,覆盖层中混合存在有六方晶与立方晶,因此,与立方晶单一相的覆盖层的情况相比,覆盖层的热导率变高,自覆盖层的散热得到促进。因此认为采用包含绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的情况下,也形成包含六方晶的覆盖层,从而也可以抑制刀尖温度的上升。而且推测:刀尖温度的上升被抑制,从而工具基体的氧化被抑制,高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性改善。
另外,覆盖层中混合存在有六方晶与立方晶,从而与立方晶单一相相比,覆盖层的耐氧化温度(氧化开始温度)变高。因此,高速区域内的切削热所导致的覆盖层的氧化反应被抑制,高速区域内的切削加工中的覆盖层的耐磨性改善。
本实施方式中,在包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的表面具有包含特定的组成式的Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层,因此,六方晶与立方晶均衡性良好地混合存在(分散),可以兼顾基于六方晶的特性的效果与基于立方晶的特性的效果。
这些结果,本实施方式中,可以提供:高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性优异、工具寿命长的覆表面切削工具。
工具基体被接合于由超硬合金构成的底座的情况下,例如,通过在材料费用低于工具基体的底座接合工具基体,从而可以确保上述切削特性,且实现成本降低。
2.覆表面切削工具的制造方法
覆表面切削工具的制造方法没有特别限定。例如可以通过电弧离子镀蒸发法,在工具基体的表面形成包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的单层的覆盖层。该制造方法中,通过控制覆表面的形成条件,从而可以得到期望的覆表面切削工具。本实施方式中,形成于工具基体的表面的、包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层为单层的情况下,该覆盖层的形成使用1种靶(蒸发源)。作为靶,使用含有Al、Ti、和V的合金制靶,作为反应气体,使用氮气。
需要说明的是,通过调整合金制靶的Al、Ti、和V的含有比率,从而可以调整表面的覆盖层的组成和晶相的存在比率。
实施例
根据实施例,对本发明更具体地进行说明。
1.覆表面切削工具的制作
实施例1~6和比较例1~4、6中,作为工具基体,使用表1的基体组成(vol%)的陶瓷烧结体。比较例5中,作为工具基体,使用表1的基体组成(vol%)的超硬合金。各实施例和比较例中,尖端形状设为ISO SNGN120408Z02025。将工具基体设置于阴极电弧离子镀装置。
利用真空泵将腔室内减压,同时利用设置于装置内的加热器,将工具基体加热至温度550℃,进行抽真空直至腔室内的压力成为3.0×10-3Pa。接着,导入氩气,保持腔室内的压力为1.0Pa,边将基体偏压电源的电压缓慢地升高,边设为-200V,进行工具基体的表面的清洁15分钟。之后,将氩气排气。
接着,在上述装置中安装含有Al、Ti、和V的合金制靶,边导入作为反应气体的氮气,边维持基体温度550℃、反应气体压1.0Pa、基体偏压电压-100V不变地,向阴极电极供给100A的电弧电流,自电弧式蒸发源产生金属离子,在刀尖形成1.5μm的覆盖层。本发明中,使用如下特征的蒸发源:磁力线延伸至被处理体,被处理体附近的成膜气体的等离子体密度格外高于以往的蒸发源。通过使用这种蒸发源,从而在表面被称为“宏观颗粒”的熔融了的靶物质的附着变少,表面粗糙度得到改善,关系到切削特性的改善。因此,覆盖层的成膜使用本蒸发源是有效的。
如此,得到下述表1所示的、实施例1~6、比较例1~6的覆表面切削工具。使用利用Cu-Kα射线的X射线衍射装置(Rigaku制的RINT-TTR3)测定得到的覆表面切削工具的覆盖层。
需要说明的是,实施例1~6、比较例1~6中,通过调整合金制靶的Al、Ti、和V的含有比率,从而使表面的覆盖层的组成和晶相的存在比率成为下述的表1。
2.耐磨性试验
使用各覆表面切削工具,在以下的条件下进行分切加工,测定30道次加工后的刀尖的磨损幅度。切削条件如下:将被削材设为SCM415、切削速度设为250m/分钟、送入量设为0.03mm/rev、切削深度设为0.2mm。在该条件下,可以将磨损幅度为60μm以下的工具作为本发明的覆表面切削工具。
3.试验结果
将试验结果示于表1。表中,“无六方晶”是指,在利用X射线衍射装置的测定中,观察不到源自六方晶的峰(参照表示比较例3的测定结果的图3的(B))。
[表1]
覆盖层的组成式TiaAlbVcN中全部满足“0.25≤a≤0.35”、“0.64≤b≤0.74”、“0<c≤0.06”、观察到源自六方晶的峰和源自立方晶的峰的实施例1~6与比较例1~6相比,磨损幅度小。因此,实施例1~6中,确认了高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性改善。
比较例1中,覆盖层的Al的含量多,因此认为六方晶的影响变强,无法发挥立方晶的特性,磨损进行。另外,比较例1中,最强峰成为立方晶的(111)面的峰,认为覆盖层的耐磨性降低、磨损进行。
比较例2中,覆盖层的V的含量多,因此认为基于V2O5的覆盖层的硬度和耐热性的降低的作用成为支配性的,磨损进行。
比较例3中,覆盖层的Al的含量少,因此,未生成六方晶,成为立方晶单一相。因此认为无法发挥六方晶的特性,因此,磨损进行。
比较例4中,覆盖层的Al的含量多、且V的含量多,因此认为六方晶的影响强,且V2O5的效果成为支配性的,磨损进行。
比较例5中,使用超硬合金作为工具基体,因此认为工具基体中所含的Co在高温下会软化而磨损进行。另外,比较例5中,使用超硬合金作为工具基体,因此认为未充分生成六方晶,磨损进行。
比较例6中,示出覆盖层中由不含V的TiAlN所形成的覆盖层的情况。比较例6中,不含有V,无法发挥良好地保持基于V2O5的覆盖层与被削材的滑动的效果,因此认为磨损进行。
接着,对于峰强度比(IA/IB)的值进行研究。实施例1~6中,峰强度比(IA/IB)的值均成为0.43以上且0.86以下,确认了磨损幅度小。
另一方面,比较例1、4中,峰强度比(IA/IB)超过0.86。比较例2、5中,峰强度比(IA/IB)的值变得低于0.43,比较例3、6中,确认不到六方晶的生成。任意比较例中,均确认了磨损幅度大于实施例。
由以上的结果确认了,峰强度比(IA/IB)的值为0.43以上且0.86以下的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性改善。
接着,对于覆盖层的X射线衍射中的最强峰与磨损幅度的关系进行研究。
实施例1~6中,峰强度最高的峰均成为立方晶的(200)面的峰,磨损幅度小。
另一方面,比较例1中,峰强度最高的峰成为立方晶的(111)面的峰,磨损幅度大于实施例1~6。
由以上的结果确认了,峰强度最高的峰为立方晶的(200)面的峰的情况下,高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性改善。
4.实施例的效果
根据本实施例,可以改善切削速度250m/分钟之类的高速区域内的切削加工中的耐磨性,可以提供工具寿命长的覆表面切削工具。
<其他实施方式(变形例)>
需要说明的是,本发明不限定于上述的实施例、实施方式,在不脱离其主旨的范围内可以以各种方式实施。
(1)上述实施方式中,将旋削加工用作为一例进行了说明,但本发明可以用于切削加工中使用的各种切削工具。另外,尖端形状不限定于上述形状,可以设为各种形状。
(2)上述实施方式中,通过调整合金制靶的Al、Ti、和V的含有比率,从而调整了表面的覆盖层的晶相的存在比率。代替其,通过调整基材的组成、调整使用阴极电弧离子镀装置形成覆盖层时的各种条件(成膜条件),从而也可以调整表面的覆盖层的晶相的存在比率。
附图标记说明
1、10…嵌物(覆表面切削工具)
2…外径加工用支架
3…压紧金属
11…工具基体
13…底座
13A…顶点
Claims (4)
1.一种覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,在包含WC晶体颗粒和绝缘性颗粒的工具基体的表面具有包含Ti与Al与V的复合氮化物的覆盖层,
所述复合氮化物用组成式:TiaAlbVcN表示的情况下,满足:
0.25≤a≤0.35
0.64≤b≤0.74
0<c≤0.06
a+b+c=1
其中,a、b、c均为原子比,
对于所述覆盖层,X射线衍射中,观察到源自六方晶的峰和源自立方晶的峰,
用X射线衍射测定所述覆盖层,
将所述六方晶的(100)面的峰强度设为IA、
所述立方晶的(200)面的峰强度设为IB时,
峰强度比(IA/IB)的值为0.43以上且0.86以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,所述覆盖层的X射线衍射中的峰强度最高的峰为立方晶的(200)面的峰。
3.根据权利要求1所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,所述绝缘性颗粒为选自由Al2O3、赛隆、和氮化硅组成的组中的至少1种。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的覆表面切削工具,其特征在于,所述工具基体借助钎焊材料被接合于底座,所述底座由超硬合金构成。
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- 2019-11-27 KR KR1020217013991A patent/KR102534906B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-11-27 EP EP19903383.8A patent/EP3903975B1/en active Active
- 2019-11-27 JP JP2020507140A patent/JP7093149B2/ja active Active
- 2019-11-27 WO PCT/JP2019/046411 patent/WO2020137325A1/ja unknown
- 2019-11-27 CN CN201980086054.5A patent/CN113260475B/zh active Active
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EP3903975A1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
CN113260475A (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
JP7093149B2 (ja) | 2022-06-29 |
US11623284B2 (en) | 2023-04-11 |
WO2020137325A1 (ja) | 2020-07-02 |
EP3903975A4 (en) | 2022-09-14 |
KR20210063427A (ko) | 2021-06-01 |
EP3903975C0 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
KR102534906B1 (ko) | 2023-05-26 |
US20220001457A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
EP3903975B1 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
JPWO2020137325A1 (ja) | 2021-02-18 |
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