WO2017170603A1 - 被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017170603A1 WO2017170603A1 PCT/JP2017/012750 JP2017012750W WO2017170603A1 WO 2017170603 A1 WO2017170603 A1 WO 2017170603A1 JP 2017012750 W JP2017012750 W JP 2017012750W WO 2017170603 A1 WO2017170603 A1 WO 2017170603A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- cutting tool
- composite nitride
- coated cutting
- nitride layer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
- B23B27/143—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having chip-breakers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
- B23C5/1009—Ball nose end mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
- B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
- B23C5/202—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
- B23C5/205—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form characterised by chip-breakers of special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coated cutting tool.
- a cutting tool having a longer tool life than before has been demanded with an increase in demand for higher efficiency of the cutting process. For this reason, as a required characteristic of the tool material, improvement in wear resistance and fracture resistance related to the life of the cutting tool are becoming more important. Therefore, in order to improve these characteristics, a coating comprising a base material made of cemented carbide, cermet, cBN, or the like, and one or more coating layers such as a TiN layer or a TiAlN layer covering the surface thereof. Cutting tools are widely used.
- Patent Document 1 includes a composite nitride layer of Al and Ti, and the lattice constant of the composite nitride layer of Al and Ti is ⁇ 0.057x + 4.18 ( ⁇ ) to ⁇ 0.057x + 4.24 ( ⁇ ).
- Al content ratio x is 0.40 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.75
- a coated cutting tool is proposed in which the value I (200) / I (111) of the ratio of the diffraction peak intensity I (200) of the (200) plane to (111) is 3 or more.
- Patent Document 1 shows high wear resistance, it has not been able to cope with the above-mentioned circumstances in recent cutting work, so that there is a problem that a tool is likely to be broken.
- the present invention has been made to solve these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a coated cutting tool having a long tool life with improved fracture resistance without deteriorating wear resistance.
- the present inventor has conducted research on extending the tool life of the coated cutting tool, and when the coated cutting tool has a specific configuration, it becomes possible to improve the fracture resistance without reducing the wear resistance, As a result, it has been found that the tool life of the coated cutting tool can be extended, and the present invention has been completed.
- a coated cutting tool including a substrate and a coating layer formed on at least a part of the surface of the substrate, wherein the coating layer includes at least one layer of the following formula (1): (Ti x Al y) N ( 1) (In the formula, x represents the atomic ratio of Ti element to the total of Ti element and Al element, y represents the atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element, and 0.10 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.
- a coated cutting tool comprising a phase that is 810 nm or less.
- the composite nitride layer has a phase in which the crystal system is cubic and the lattice constant is 0.410 nm or more and 0.430 nm or less, and the crystal system is cubic and the lattice constant is 0.760 nm or more and 0.
- the complex nitride layer includes a phase having a lattice constant of 0.410 nm or more and 0.420 nm or less and a phase having a lattice constant of 0.770 nm or more and 0.795 nm or less.
- the composite nitride layer includes cubic (Ti, Al) N crystals, or includes cubic (Ti, Al) N crystals and hexagonal AlN crystals,
- the ratio of the diffraction peak intensity I (100) of the hexagonal (100) plane to the diffraction peak intensity I (200) of the cubic (200) plane by diffraction is 0 [hexagonal crystal I (100) / cubic crystal I (200)].
- the coated cutting tool according to any one of [1] to [3], which is 5 or less.
- [5] The coated cutting tool according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein a residual stress of the composite nitride layer is ⁇ 4.0 GPa to 2.0 GPa.
- the coated cutting tool according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein an average thickness of the composite nitride layer is 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 12.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating layer has a lower layer between the base material and the composite nitride layer, and the lower layer includes Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, A single layer or a laminate of a compound comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si and Y and at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, N, O and B, and
- the coated cutting tool according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the average thickness of the layer is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating layer has an upper layer on the opposite side of the composite nitride layer from the base material, and the upper layer includes Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W
- the coated cutting tool according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein an average thickness of the upper layer is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the coated cutting tool according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the average thickness of the entire coating layer is 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment described below.
- the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist thereof.
- the coated cutting tool of this embodiment includes a base material and a coating layer formed on the surface of the base material.
- the base material in this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a base material for a coated cutting tool.
- the substrate include cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride sintered body, diamond sintered body, and high speed steel.
- the base material is at least one selected from the group consisting of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, and cubic boron nitride sintered body, since it is further excellent in wear resistance and fracture resistance. .
- the average thickness of the entire coating layer when the average thickness of the entire coating layer is 1.5 ⁇ m or more, the wear resistance tends to be further improved. On the other hand, when the average thickness of the entire coating layer is 15.0 ⁇ m or less, the fracture resistance tends to be further improved. Therefore, the average thickness of the entire coating layer is preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less. Among these, from the same viewpoint as described above, the overall average thickness of the coating layer is more preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating layer of the present embodiment may be a single layer or a multilayer of two or more layers, but at least one of the coating layers is a specific layer described below (hereinafter referred to as “composite nitride layer”). Is included.)
- the composite nitride layer according to this embodiment has the following formula (1): (Ti x Al y) N ( 1) Since the compound which has the composition represented by this is contained, it is excellent in oxidation resistance.
- the compound having the composition represented by the above formula (1) in the composite nitride layer of the present embodiment preferably includes cubic crystals, or cubic crystals and hexagonal crystals.
- x represents the atomic ratio of Ti element to the total of Ti element and Al element
- y represents the atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element
- y is 0.60 or more and 0.85 or less because it is excellent in balance between oxidation resistance and wear resistance, more preferably 0.65 or more and 0.85 or less, and 0.65 or more. More preferably, it is 0.80 or less.
- the composition of the composite nitride layer is expressed as (Ti 0.35 Al 0.65 ) N
- the atomic ratio of Ti element to the total of Ti element and Al element is 0.35
- the atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element is 0.65. That is, it means that the amount of Ti element with respect to the sum of Ti element and Al element is 35 atomic%, and the amount of Al element with respect to the sum of Ti element and Al element is 65 atomic%.
- the average thickness of the composite nitride layer when the average thickness of the composite nitride layer is 1.5 ⁇ m or more, a decrease in wear resistance can be further suppressed, and when the average thickness is 12.0 ⁇ m or less, a decrease in fracture resistance can be further suppressed. Therefore, the average thickness of the composite nitride layer is preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 12.0 ⁇ m or less. Among these, from the same viewpoint as described above, the average thickness of the composite nitride layer is more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 8.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating layer of the present embodiment may be composed of only the composite nitride layer, but if the lower layer is provided between the base material and the composite nitride layer (that is, the lower layer of the composite nitride layer), the base material Is preferable because the adhesion between the composite nitride layer and the composite nitride layer is further improved.
- the lower layer is composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Si, and Y from the same viewpoint as above.
- the lower layer may be a single layer or a multilayer (lamination) of two or more layers.
- the average thickness of the lower layer is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less because the adhesion between the substrate and the coating layer tends to be further improved.
- the average thickness of the lower layer is more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating layer of the present embodiment may have an upper layer on the side opposite to the base of the composite nitride layer (that is, the upper layer of the composite nitride layer), preferably on the surface of the composite nitride layer.
- the upper layer is composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Si and Y, and a group consisting of C, N, O and B It is more preferable to include a compound composed of at least one element selected from the above, since the wear resistance is further improved.
- the upper layer is composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Al and Si, and a group consisting of C, N, O and B. More preferably, it includes a compound composed of at least one element selected, and includes a compound composed of N and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Al, and Si. And more preferred. Further, the upper layer may be a single layer or a multilayer (lamination) of two or more layers.
- the average thickness of the upper layer is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less because it tends to be excellent in wear resistance. From the same viewpoint, the average thickness of the upper layer is more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the composite nitride layer in the coated cutting tool of this embodiment includes a phase having a lattice constant of 0.400 nm or more and 0.430 nm or less, the composite nitride layer becomes dense, and the coated cutting tool is excellent in wear resistance. It will be a thing. Moreover, since the composite nitride layer of the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment includes a phase having a lattice constant of 0.755 nm or more and 0.810 nm or less, the effect of suppressing the progress of cracks generated during processing is achieved. The coated cutting tool has excellent fracture resistance.
- the composite nitride layer preferably includes a phase having a lattice constant of 0.410 nm to 0.430 nm and a phase having a lattice constant of 0.760 nm to 0.800 nm. More preferably includes a phase having a lattice constant of not less than 0.410 nm and not more than 0.420 nm and a phase having a lattice constant of not less than 0.770 nm and not more than 0.795 nm.
- the composite nitride layer of the coated cutting tool of this embodiment when the crystal system of the phase having a lattice constant of 0.400 nm or more and 0.430 nm or less is a cubic crystal, the composite nitride layer tends to be more excellent in wear resistance. This is preferable. Further, in the composite nitride layer of the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment, when the crystal system of the phase having a lattice constant of 0.755 nm or more and 0.810 nm or less is a cubic crystal, the composite nitride layer further improves wear resistance. Since it has the tendency to be excellent, it is preferable.
- the phase crystal system having a lattice constant of 0.410 nm to 0.430 nm and the phase crystal system having a lattice constant of 0.760 nm to 0.800 nm are: Both are preferably cubic, and the crystal system of the phase whose lattice constant is 0.410 nm or more and 0.420 nm or less and the crystal system of the phase whose lattice constant is 0.770 nm or more and 0.795 nm or less are both cubic. It is more preferable that it is a crystal.
- the composite nitride layer in the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment includes cubic (Ti, Al) N crystals, or includes cubic (Ti, Al) N crystals and hexagonal AlN crystals.
- the ratio of the diffraction peak intensity I (100) of the hexagonal (100) plane to the diffraction peak intensity I (200) of the cubic (200) plane by X-ray diffraction (hereinafter referred to as “hexagonal crystal I (100) / cubic crystal”).
- I (200) ) is preferably 0.5 or less.
- the hexagonal crystal I (100) / cubic crystal I (200) of the composite nitride layer is more preferably 0.3 or less.
- the diffraction peak intensity, lattice constant, and crystal system of each plane index in the composite nitride layer of this embodiment can be obtained by using a commercially available X-ray diffractometer.
- X-ray diffractometer RINT TTRIII (product name) manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- the diffraction peak intensity of the plane index can be measured.
- measurement conditions are: output: 50 kV, 250 mA, incident side solar slit: 5 °, divergence longitudinal slit: 2/3 °, divergence longitudinal restriction slit: 5 mm, scattering slit 2/3 °, light receiving side solar slit: 5 ° , Receiving slit: 0.3 mm, BENT monochromator, receiving monochrome slit: 0.8 mm, sampling width: 0.01 °, scanning speed: 4 ° / min, 2 ⁇ measurement range: 15-80 °.
- analysis software attached to the X-ray diffraction apparatus may be used. In the analysis software, background processing and K ⁇ 2 peak removal can be performed using cubic approximation, profile fitting can be performed using the Pearson-VII function, and each diffraction peak intensity and lattice plane spacing can be obtained.
- the lattice constant can be obtained from the relational expression (shown below) between the obtained lattice plane spacing and the lattice constant.
- Bragg's formula: 2d ⁇ / sin ⁇
- a 2 d 2 ⁇ (h 2 + k 2 + l 2 )
- a 2 d 2 ⁇ ⁇ 4/3 ⁇ (h 2 + k 2 + l 2 ) + l 2 ⁇ (c / a) 2 ⁇
- d is the lattice spacing
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the tube used for the measurement
- ⁇ is the incident angle
- a is the lattice constant
- h, k, and l are surface indices.
- each diffraction peak intensity can be measured by a thin film X-ray diffraction method so as not to be affected by the lower layer.
- the upper layer may be removed by buffing so as not to be affected by the upper layer.
- the lattice spacing and crystal system in the composite nitride layer of the present embodiment can be derived using a commercially available transmission microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission microscope
- FIB focused ion beam
- a thin film sample having a cross-section of the coating layer as an observation surface is prepared, and using a TEM apparatus TeknaiOsiris (product name) manufactured by FEI Co., Ltd. Can be measured.
- the crystal system of the crystal grains contained in the composite nitride layer is obtained by irradiating an electron beam having a spot diameter corresponding to the thickness of the composite nitride layer onto the region of the composite nitride layer, thereby restricting field electron diffraction image (SAD).
- SAD field electron diffraction image
- attached Fourier transform software may be used for the lattice spacing and crystal system of the composite nitride layer.
- each diffraction surface index and grating plane spacing can be measured using analysis software manufactured by Gatan.
- a magnification at which a lattice image to be measured can be observed it is preferable to photograph at a magnification at which a lattice image to be measured can be observed, and more preferably at a magnification of 500,000 times or more.
- a Fourier transform image (hereinafter referred to as “FFT image”) is used. Can be obtained.
- the distance between the lattice planes can be derived from the distance between the transmitted wave (center spot) obtained at the center of the FFT image and the diffraction spot.
- the lattice constant can be obtained by identifying the crystal system from the ratio of the distances between the lattice planes derived from the FFT image. Specifically, the lattice constant can be obtained by substituting the lattice spacing into the relational expression between the lattice spacing and the lattice constant obtained for the identified crystal system. In the composite nitride layer of this embodiment, it is preferable that at least one phase having a lattice constant of 0.755 nm or more and 0.810 nm or less is observed in the range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m in a thin film sample.
- the residual stress of the composite nitride layer of this embodiment is ⁇ 4.0 GPa or more, it tends to further suppress peeling of the coating layer itself, and when it is 2.0 GPa or less, the wear resistance tends to be improved. . Therefore, the residual stress of the composite nitride layer is preferably ⁇ 4.0 GPa to 2.0 GPa, more preferably ⁇ 2.0 GPa to 1.0 GPa, and ⁇ 2.0 GPa to 0.5 GPa. More preferably.
- residual stress is internal stress (intrinsic strain) remaining in the coating layer.
- the stress represented by a numerical value “ ⁇ ” (minus) is referred to as compressive stress, and “+” (plus)
- the stress represented by the numerical value of is called tensile stress.
- the magnitude of the residual stress the greater the value of “+” (plus), the greater the residual stress, and the greater the value of “ ⁇ ” (minus), the greater the residual stress. It shall be expressed that the stress is small.
- the residual stress can be measured by the sin 2 ⁇ method using an X-ray diffractometer. Such residual stress is selected from 10 arbitrary points included in the part involved in cutting (each of these points is separated from each other by a distance of 0.5 mm or more so that the stress of the part can be represented). Is preferably measured by the sin 2 ⁇ method, and an average value thereof is obtained.
- the section (no distortion angle) is the ICDD card No. 00-006-0642 and No. Using the diffraction angles described in 00-046-1200 (cubic TiN and cubic AlN, respectively), a numerical value corresponding to the composition ratio is calculated and used.
- the no-strain angle (2 ⁇ ) of the cubic (111) plane can be calculated by the following equation.
- Unstrained angle (2 ⁇ ) T 2 ⁇ + (Aa) ⁇ (A 2 ⁇ ⁇ T 2 ⁇ )
- T 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle (36.81 degrees) of the (111) plane of cubic TiN
- a 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle (38.53 degrees) of the (111) plane of cubic AlN
- Aa represents the atomic ratio (a) of the Al element with respect to the sum of the Al element and the Ti element. Therefore, when the composition of the composite nitride layer is (Al 0.7 Ti 0.3 ) N, the unstrained angle (2 ⁇ ) of the cubic (111) plane is 38.01 degrees.
- the method for producing the coating layer in the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but for example, physical vapor deposition methods such as ion plating method, arc ion plating method, sputtering method, and ion mixing method can be used. Can be mentioned. It is preferable to form a coating layer using physical vapor deposition because a sharp edge can be formed. Among these, the arc ion plating method is more preferable because it is more excellent in the adhesion between the coating layer and the substrate.
- the manufacturing method of the coated cutting tool of this embodiment will be described below using a specific example.
- the manufacturing method of the coated cutting tool of this embodiment is not specifically limited as long as the configuration of the coated cutting tool can be achieved.
- the base material processed into a tool shape is accommodated in a reaction container of a physical vapor deposition apparatus, and a metal evaporation source is installed in the reaction container. Thereafter, the inside of the reaction vessel is evacuated until the pressure becomes 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less, and the substrate is heated by the heater in the reaction vessel until the temperature becomes 200 ° C. to 700 ° C. After heating, Ar gas is introduced into the reaction vessel, and the pressure in the reaction vessel is set to 0.5 Pa to 5.0 Pa.
- the base material is controlled so that its temperature becomes 150 ° C. to 400 ° C., nitrogen gas (N 2 ), argon gas (Ar) and xenon gas (Xe) are introduced into the reaction vessel,
- the pressure is set to 1.0 to 4.0 Pa.
- a bias voltage of ⁇ 40 V to ⁇ 100 V is applied to the substrate, and the metal evaporation source corresponding to the metal component of each layer is evaporated by arc discharge to 35 A to 80 A, to the surface of the substrate or the surface of the lower layer
- the formation of the composite nitride layer is started.
- the atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element is set to 0. It is preferable to use a metal evaporation source of 50 to 0.90. Further, in the composite nitride layer of this embodiment, in order to form a phase having a lattice constant of 0.755 nm or more and 0.810 nm or less, the atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element is 0.50. Using a metal evaporation source of 0.90 or less, lowering the temperature of the substrate to 150 ° C.
- the atmosphere in the reaction vessel of the physical vapor deposition apparatus with N 2 gas, Ar gas, and Xe gas It is preferable to form the composite nitride layer under a gas atmosphere condition. At this time, if the proportion of Xe gas in the reaction vessel is increased, the lattice constant tends to increase.
- the temperature of the substrate is lowered. Good.
- a metal evaporation source having a small atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element is used, the abundance ratio of hexagonal crystals in the composite nitride layer tends to be small. Therefore, the hexagonal crystal I (100) / cubic crystal I (200) can be controlled by adjusting the temperature of the base material and the composition of the metal evaporation source.
- the absolute value of the bias voltage applied to the substrate in the process of forming the composite nitride layer described above More specifically, comparing the case where the bias voltage is ⁇ 50 V and the case where the bias voltage is ⁇ 100 V, the absolute value of the bias voltage is larger at ⁇ 100 V, so that the compressive stress applied to the composite nitride layer becomes larger. . Further, when a metal evaporation source having a small atomic ratio of Al element to the total of Ti element and Al element is used, the compressive stress of the composite nitride layer tends to increase. Therefore, the compressive stress can be controlled by adjusting the bias voltage and the composition of the metal evaporation source.
- each layer constituting the coating layer in the coated cutting tool of this embodiment can be measured from the cross-sectional structure of the coated cutting tool using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a TEM, or the like.
- the average thickness of each layer in the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment is from three or more cross sections in the vicinity of the position of 50 ⁇ m from the edge of the edge of the surface facing the metal evaporation source toward the center of the surface. It can be obtained by measuring the thickness of each layer and calculating the average value (arithmetic average value).
- composition of each layer constituting the coating layer in the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment is determined from the cross-sectional structure of the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment by using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS) or a wavelength dispersive X-ray analyzer. (WDS) or the like can be used for measurement.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- WDS wavelength dispersive X-ray analyzer
- the coated cutting tool of this embodiment is considered to have an effect that the tool life can be extended compared to the conventional case mainly due to the excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance (however, the tool life is extended).
- the possible factors are not limited to the above.
- Specific examples of the coated cutting tool of the present embodiment include milling or turning cutting edge exchangeable cutting inserts, drills, and end mills.
- a cemented carbide having a composition of 90.0WC-10.0Co (more than mass%) was prepared by processing into an ISO standard SEEN1203AGTN-shaped insert.
- a metal evaporation source was arranged in the reaction vessel of the arc ion plating apparatus so as to have the composition of each layer shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
- the prepared base material was fixed to the fixture of the turntable in the reaction vessel.
- the inside of the reaction vessel was evacuated until the pressure became a vacuum of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- the substrate was heated with a heater in the reaction vessel until the temperature reached 450 ° C. After heating, Ar gas was introduced into the reaction vessel so that the pressure was 2.7 Pa.
- Ion bombardment treatment with Ar gas on the surface of the substrate by applying a bias voltage of ⁇ 400 V to the substrate in an Ar gas atmosphere at a pressure of 2.7 Pa, causing a 40 A current to flow through the tungsten filament in the reaction vessel. For 30 minutes. After completion of the ion bombardment treatment, the reaction vessel was evacuated until the pressure became 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- the substrate was controlled so that its temperature became the temperature shown in Table 3 (temperature at the start of film formation), and the gas having the composition shown in Table 3 was placed in the reaction vessel.
- the pressure was adjusted to the gas conditions shown in Table 3 by introducing the reaction vessel.
- Inventive products 1 to 10 without forming a lower layer, a bias voltage shown in Table 3 was applied to the base material, and a metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 1 was formed by arc discharge with an arc current shown in Table 3. Evaporated to form a composite nitride layer on the surface of the substrate.
- N 2 gas was introduced so that the pressure in the reaction vessel was 3.0 Pa. Thereafter, a bias voltage of ⁇ 50 V was applied to the substrate, and the metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 1 was evaporated by arc discharge with an arc current of 120 A, thereby forming a lower layer on the surface of the substrate.
- the substrate was controlled so that its temperature became the temperature shown in Table 3 (temperature at the start of film formation), and a gas having the composition shown in Table 3 was introduced into the reaction vessel.
- the gas conditions in the reaction vessel were adjusted to the pressure shown in Table 3.
- a bias voltage shown in Table 3 is applied to the base material, a metal evaporation source having a composition shown in Table 1 is evaporated by arc discharge with an arc current shown in Table 3, and a composite nitride layer is formed on the surface of the lower layer. Formed.
- inventive products 11 to 14 after forming a composite nitride layer, N 2 gas was introduced so that the pressure in the reaction vessel was 3.0 Pa. A bias voltage of ⁇ 50 V was applied to the substrate, and the metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 1 was evaporated by arc discharge with an arc current of 120 A, thereby forming an upper layer on the surface of the composite nitride layer.
- the bias voltage shown in Table 3 was applied to the base material, the metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 2 was evaporated by arc discharge of the arc current shown in Table 3, and the surface of the base material A first layer was formed.
- N 2 gas was introduced so that the pressure in the reaction vessel was 3.0 Pa after evacuation. Thereafter, a bias voltage of ⁇ 50 V was applied to the substrate, and the metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 2 was evaporated by arc discharge with an arc current of 120 A, thereby forming a first layer.
- the base material was controlled so that its temperature became the temperature shown in Table 3 (temperature at the start of film formation), and a gas having the composition shown in Table 3 was introduced into the reaction vessel.
- the gas conditions in the reaction vessel were adjusted to the pressure shown in Table 3.
- the bias voltage shown in Table 3 is applied to the substrate, the metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 2 is evaporated by arc discharge of the arc current shown in Table 3, and the second layer is formed on the surface of the first layer. Formed.
- a third layer was formed by applying a bias voltage of ⁇ 50 V to the substrate and evaporating a metal evaporation source having the composition shown in Table 2 by arc discharge with an arc current of 120 A.
- the heater was turned off and the sample temperature was 100 ° C. or lower, and then the sample was taken out from the reaction vessel.
- ⁇ means that the lower layer or the upper layer is not formed.
- ⁇ means that the second layer and the third layer are not formed.
- the average thickness of each layer of the obtained sample is SEM observation of three cross-sections in the vicinity of a position of 50 ⁇ m from the edge of the edge of the surface facing the metal evaporation source of the coated cutting tool toward the center of the surface. Then, the thickness of each layer was measured, and the average value (arithmetic average value) was calculated.
- the composition of each layer of the obtained sample was measured using EDS in a cross section in the vicinity of the position from the edge of the edge of the surface of the coated cutting tool facing the metal evaporation source to the center part up to 50 ⁇ m. The results are also shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
- the composition ratio of the metal element of each layer of Table 1 and Table 2 shows the atomic ratio of each metal element with respect to the whole metal element in the metal compound which comprises each layer.
- the lattice constant and crystal system of the obtained sample were derived using a commercially available TEM.
- a FIB processing machine manufactured by FEI Co., Ltd.
- a thin film sample having a cross section of the coating layer as an observation surface was prepared.
- a lattice image of the composite nitride layer was photographed at a magnification of 500,000 times using a TEM apparatus TecnaiOsiris (product name) manufactured by FEI Co., Ltd.
- An FFT image was obtained from the photographed image using analysis software manufactured by Gatan.
- the lattice spacing was derived from the intensity (center spot) obtained at the center of the FFT image and the distance between the diffraction spots, and the crystal system and lattice constant were determined. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- the lattice constant of the (Ti, Al) N layer having the largest average thickness was measured.
- X-ray diffraction of a 2 ⁇ / ⁇ concentrated optical system using Cu—K ⁇ ray is output: 50 kV, 250 mA, incident side solar slit: 5 °, divergence longitudinal slit: 2/3 °, divergence.
- the apparatus used was an X-ray diffractometer RINT TTRIII (product name) manufactured by Rigaku Corporation.
- the diffraction peak intensity of each plane index of the composite nitride layer was determined from the X-ray diffraction pattern.
- Hexagonal crystal I (100) / cubic crystal I (200) was determined from the obtained diffraction peak intensity of each plane index.
- Tables 6 and 7. In addition, when the lower layer was formed in the base material side rather than the composite nitride layer, each diffraction peak intensity was measured by the thin film X-ray diffraction method so that it might not be influenced by the lower layer.
- the upper layer is formed on the surface side (opposite side of the base material) from the composite nitride layer, the upper layer is removed by buffing so as not to be affected by the upper layer. X-ray diffraction was measured.
- hexagonal crystal I (100) / cubic crystal I (200) of the (Ti, Al) N layer having the largest average thickness was determined.
- the compressive stress of the composite nitride layer was measured by the sin 2 ⁇ method using an X-ray diffractometer. The stress at 10 arbitrary points included in the part involved in cutting was measured, and the average value (arithmetic average value) was taken as the compressive stress of the composite nitride layer.
- the compressive stress of the (Ti, Al) N layer having the largest average thickness was determined. The results are shown in Table 8 and Table 9.
- the evaluations of the wear resistance test of the invention products were all B or higher evaluations, and the evaluations of the comparative products were B or C. Therefore, it can be seen that the wear resistance of the inventive product is equal to or greater than that of the comparative product.
- the evaluations of the defect resistance test of the invention products were all evaluations of A or B, and the evaluations of the comparative products were all C.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention can extend the tool life as compared with the prior art, the industrial applicability is high in that respect.
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Abstract
Description
[1]基材と、前記基材の表面の少なくとも一部に形成された被覆層とを含む被覆切削工具であって、前記被覆層は、少なくとも1層の下記式(1):
(TixAly)N (1)
(式中、xはTi元素とAl元素との合計に対するTi元素の原子比を示し、yはTi元素とAl元素との合計に対するAl元素の原子比を示し、0.10≦x≦0.50、0.50≦y≦0.90、x+y=1を満足する。)
で表される組成を有する化合物を含有する複合窒化物層を有し、前記複合窒化物層は、格子定数が0.400nm以上0.430nm以下である相と、格子定数が0.755nm以上0.810nm以下である相とを含む、被覆切削工具。
[2]前記複合窒化物層は、結晶系が立方晶であり、格子定数が0.410nm以上0.430nm以下である相と、結晶系が立方晶であり、格子定数が0.760nm以上0.800nm以下である相とを含む、[1]に記載の被覆切削工具。
[3]前記複合窒化物層は、格子定数が0.410nm以上0.420nm以下である相と、格子定数が0.770nm以上0.795nm以下である相とを含む、[1]または[2]に記載の被覆切削工具。
[4]前記複合窒化物層は、立方晶の(Ti,Al)Nの結晶を含むか、または立方晶の(Ti,Al)Nの結晶と六方晶のAlNの結晶とを含み、X線回折による立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度I(200)に対する六方晶(100)面の回折ピーク強度I(100)の比[六方晶I(100)/立方晶I(200)]が0.5以下である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[5]前記複合窒化物層の残留応力は、-4.0GPa以上2.0GPa以下である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[6]前記複合窒化物層の平均厚さは、1.5μm以上12.0μm以下である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[7]前記被覆層は、前記基材と前記複合窒化物層との間に下部層を有し、前記下部層は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、SiおよびYからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、C、N、OおよびBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とからなる化合物の単層または積層であり、前記下部層の平均厚さは、0.1μm以上3.5μm以下である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[8]前記被覆層は、前記複合窒化物層の前記基材とは反対側に上部層を有し、前記上部層は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、SiおよびYからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、C、N、OおよびBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とからなる化合物の単層または積層であり、前記上部層の平均厚さは、0.1μm以上3.5μm以下である、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[9]前記被覆層の全体の平均厚さは、1.5μm以上15.0μm以下である、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[10]前記基材は、超硬合金、サーメット、セラミックスまたは立方晶窒化硼素焼結体のいずれかである[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
(TixAly)N (1)
で表される組成を有する化合物を含有するため、耐酸化性に優れる。本実施形態の複合窒化物層において上記式(1)で表される組成を有する化合物は、立方晶、または立方晶と六方晶とを含むと好ましい。なお、上記式(1)において、xはTi元素とAl元素との合計に対するTi元素の原子比を示し、yはTi元素とAl元素との合計に対するAl元素の原子比を示し、0.10≦x≦0.50、0.50≦y≦0.90、x+y=1を満足する。Al元素の原子比yは、0.50以上であると、Alの含有量が多くなることにより、耐酸化性の低下をさらに抑制でき、0.90以下であると、六方晶の存在比率をより低く抑えることにより、耐摩耗性の低下をさらに抑制できる。その中でも、yが0.60以上0.85以下であると、耐酸化性と耐摩耗性とのバランスにより優れるため好ましく、0.65以上0.85以下であるとより好ましく、0.65以上0.80以下であると更に好ましい。
ブラッグの式:2d=λ/sinθ
立方晶の場合:a2=d2×(h2+k2+l2)
六方晶の場合:a2=d2×{4/3×(h2+k2+l2)+l2×(c/a)2}
ここで、dは格子面間隔、λは測定に用いた管球の波長、θは入射角、aは格子定数であり、h、k、lは面指数を示す。
無歪み角度(2θ)=T2θ+(Aa)・(A2θ-T2θ)
ここで、式中、T2θは立方晶TiNの(111)面の回折角度(36.81度)を示し、A2θは立方晶AlNの(111)面の回折角度(38.53度)を示し、AaはAl元素とTi元素との合計に対するAl元素の原子比(a)を示す。
よって、複合窒化物層の組成が(Al0.7Ti0.3)Nである場合、立方晶(111)面の無歪み角度(2θ)は、38.01度になる。
被削材:SCM440、
被削材形状:120mm×230mm×60mmの直方体、
切削速度:250m/min、
送り:0.15mm/tooth、
切り込み:2.0mm、
クーラント:無し、
切削幅:50mm、
評価項目:最大逃げ面摩耗幅が0.2mmに至ったときを工具寿命とし、工具寿命に至るまでの加工長を測定した。
被削材:SCM440、
被削材形状:120mm×230mm×60mmの直方体(但し、正面フライス加工を行う直方体の120mm×230mmの面に直径φ30mmの穴が4箇所明けられている。)、
切削速度:250m/min、
送り:0.40mm/tooth、
切り込み:2.0mm、
クーラント:無し、
切削幅:105mm、
評価項目:試料が欠損(試料の切れ刃部に欠けが生じる)したときを工具寿命とし、工具寿命に至るまでの加工長を測定した。
また、発明品の耐欠損性試験の評価はいずれもAまたはBの評価であり、比較品の評価は、すべてCであった。
Claims (10)
- 基材と、前記基材の表面の少なくとも一部に形成された被覆層とを含む被覆切削工具であって、
前記被覆層は、少なくとも1層の下記式(1):
(TixAly)N (1)
(式中、xはTi元素とAl元素との合計に対するTi元素の原子比を示し、yはTi元素とAl元素との合計に対するAl元素の原子比を示し、0.10≦x≦0.50、0.50≦y≦0.90、x+y=1を満足する。)
で表される組成を有する化合物を含有する複合窒化物層を有し、
前記複合窒化物層は、格子定数が0.400nm以上0.430nm以下である相と、格子定数が0.755nm以上0.810nm以下である相とを含む、被覆切削工具。 - 前記複合窒化物層は、結晶系が立方晶であり、格子定数が0.410nm以上0.430nm以下である相と、結晶系が立方晶であり、格子定数が0.760nm以上0.800nm以下である相とを含む、請求項1に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記複合窒化物層は、格子定数が0.410nm以上0.420nm以下である相と、格子定数が0.770nm以上0.795nm以下である相とを含む、請求項1または2に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記複合窒化物層は、立方晶の(Ti,Al)Nの結晶を含むか、または立方晶の(Ti,Al)Nの結晶と六方晶のAlNの結晶とを含み、X線回折による立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度I(200)に対する六方晶(100)面の回折ピーク強度I(100)の比[六方晶I(100)/立方晶I(200)]が0.5以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記複合窒化物層の残留応力は、-4.0GPa以上2.0GPa以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記複合窒化物層の平均厚さは、1.5μm以上12.0μm以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記被覆層は、前記基材と前記複合窒化物層との間に下部層を有し、
前記下部層は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、SiおよびYからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、C、N、OおよびBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とからなる化合物の単層または積層であり、
前記下部層の平均厚さは、0.1μm以上3.5μm以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。 - 前記被覆層は、前記複合窒化物層の前記基材とは反対側に上部層を有し、
前記上部層は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、SiおよびYからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、C、N、OおよびBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とからなる化合物の単層または積層であり、
前記上部層の平均厚さは、0.1μm以上3.5μm以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。 - 前記被覆層の全体の平均厚さは、1.5μm以上15.0μm以下である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記基材は、超硬合金、サーメット、セラミックスまたは立方晶窒化硼素焼結体のいずれかである請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
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- 2017-03-28 EP EP17775140.1A patent/EP3437771B1/en active Active
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JPWO2017175803A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-10-25 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆切削工具 |
JP2020090723A (ja) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜被覆部材及びその製造方法 |
JP7214120B2 (ja) | 2018-11-27 | 2023-01-30 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜被覆部材及びその製造方法 |
US20220001457A1 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-01-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Surface-coated cutting tool |
US11623284B2 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-04-11 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Surface-coated cutting tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3437771A4 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
EP3437771B1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
JP6674648B2 (ja) | 2020-04-01 |
EP3437771A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
JPWO2017170603A1 (ja) | 2018-12-06 |
US10737331B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
US20190076933A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
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