CN113167326A - 滑动构件 - Google Patents

滑动构件 Download PDF

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CN113167326A
CN113167326A CN201980077032.2A CN201980077032A CN113167326A CN 113167326 A CN113167326 A CN 113167326A CN 201980077032 A CN201980077032 A CN 201980077032A CN 113167326 A CN113167326 A CN 113167326A
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particles
layer
coating
molybdenum disulfide
barium sulfate
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CN113167326B (zh
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松本慎司
壁谷泰典
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Dafeng Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种能够在树脂包覆层中实现适度的耐磨损性的技术。本发明的滑动构件是具备基层和形成于所述基层上的树脂包覆层的滑动构件，所述树脂包覆层由作为粘合剂的聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、硫酸钡颗粒、二硫化钼颗粒和不可避免的杂质构成，并且由重叠涂布的多个涂布层构成，在多个涂布层的每一层中硬质颗粒的含量不同。

Description

滑动构件
技术领域
本发明涉及具有树脂包覆层的滑动构件。
背景技术
已知有在树脂粘合剂中含有调整颗粒和板状固体润滑剂的滑动轴承(参照专利文献1)。在专利文献1中，记载了利用调整颗粒阻挡裂纹并且利用板状固体润滑剂提高耐烧结性的内容。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2013-72535号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
然而，在专利文献1中，存在耐磨损性不足的问题。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而完成的，其目的在于提供一种能够在树脂包覆层中实现适度的耐磨损性的技术。
用于解决问题的手段
为了实现上述目的，本发明的滑动构件是具备基层和形成于基层上的树脂包覆层的滑动构件，树脂包覆层由作为粘合剂的聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、硫酸钡颗粒、二硫化钼颗粒、硬质颗粒和不可避免的杂质构成，并且由重叠涂布的多个涂布层构成，以在多个涂布层的每一层中硬质颗粒的含量不同的方式构成。
由于树脂包覆层中含有硬质颗粒，因此能够提高树脂包覆层的耐磨损性。进一步地，通过使在多个涂布层的每一层中硬质颗粒的含量不同，能够按每个涂布层调整亲合性、耐磨损性。例如，通过使最表层的硬质颗粒的含量小于其他涂布层，能够提高初期的亲合性。相反，通过使最表层的硬质颗粒的含量大于其他涂布层，能够提高初期的耐磨损性。
进一步地，硫酸钡颗粒的平均粒径可以为0.3μm以上且小于0.7μm。可以确认，通过使硫酸钡颗粒的平均粒径为0.3μm以上且小于0.7μm，能够降低与对象轴之间的摩擦阻力。另外，可以确认，通过使硫酸钡颗粒的平均粒径为0.3μm以上且小于0.7μm，能够提高表面的平滑性。进一步地，可以确认，在提高耐烧结性方面，使硫酸钡颗粒的平均粒径为0.3μm以上且小于0.7μm是最佳的。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式所涉及的滑动构件的立体图。
图2A、图2B是覆盖层的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
在此，按照下述顺序对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
(1)滑动构件的构成：
(2)滑动构件的制造方法：
(3)其他实施方式：
(1)滑动构件的构成：
图1是本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的滑动构件1的立体图。滑动构件1包括里衬金属10、衬层(lining)11和覆盖层(overlay)12。滑动构件1是将中空状的圆筒沿直径方向二等分而成的对开形状的金属构件，截面为半圆弧状。通过将两个滑动构件1组合为圆筒状，由此形成滑动轴承A。滑动轴承A在形成于内部的中空部分对圆柱状的对象件2(发动机的曲轴)进行轴承支承。对象件2的外径形成为比滑动轴承A的内径略小。向形成于对象件2的外周面与滑动轴承A的内周面之间的间隙供给润滑油(发动机油)。此时，对象件2的外周面在滑动轴承A的内周面上滑动。
滑动构件1具有按照距曲率中心从远到近的顺序依次层叠有里衬金属10、衬层11以及覆盖层12的构造。因而，里衬金属10构成滑动构件1的最外层，覆盖层12构成滑动构件1的最内层。里衬金属10、衬层11和覆盖层12分别在圆周方向上具有一定的厚度。例如，里衬金属10的厚度为1.1mm～1.3mm，衬层11的厚度为0.2mm～0.4mm。例如，里衬金属10例如由钢形成。衬层11例如由Al合金、Cu合金形成。里衬金属10也可以省略。
覆盖层12的厚度为6μm。另外，覆盖层12的厚度可以为2～15μm，优选为3～9μm。以下，内侧是指滑动构件1的曲率中心侧，外侧是指与滑动构件1的曲率中心相反的一侧。覆盖层12的内侧的表面构成对象件2的滑动面。
图2A是覆盖层12的截面示意图。覆盖层12是层叠在衬层11的内侧的表面上的层，构成本发明的树脂包覆层。覆盖层12由粘合剂树脂12a(灰色)、二硫化钼颗粒12b(黑圈)、硫酸钡颗粒12c(白圈)、作为硬质颗粒的SiC颗粒12d(双圈)和不可避免的杂质构成。粘合剂树脂12a为聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂。
在本实施方式中，覆盖层12由重叠涂布的两层的涂布层(最表层L1、内层L2)构成，最表层L1、内层L2的膜厚分别为3μm。覆盖层12的最表层L1中的二硫化钼颗粒12b的总体积的体积分率为30体积％，硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积的体积分率为15体积％，SiC颗粒12d的总体积的体积分率为0体积％。二硫化钼颗粒12b具有硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积的0.5倍的总体积。粘合剂树脂12a和二硫化钼颗粒12b的总体积、硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积和SiC颗粒12d的总体积是基于混合前所测量的粘合剂树脂12a、二硫化钼颗粒12b和硫酸钡颗粒12c的质量与它们的比重而计算出的。
覆盖层12的内层L2中的二硫化钼颗粒12b的总体积的体积分率为30体积％，硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积的体积分率为15体积％，SiC颗粒12d的总体积的体积分率以0.3体积％为下限，以1.3～1.5体积％为上限，优选为0.7±0.2体积％。二硫化钼颗粒12b具有硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积的0.5倍的总体积。最表层L1中的粘合剂树脂12a和二硫化钼颗粒12b的总体积与硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积是基于混合前所测量的粘合剂树脂12a、二硫化钼颗粒12b和硫酸钡颗粒12c的质量与它们的比重而计算出的。
二硫化钼颗粒12b的平均粒径为1.4μm，硫酸钡颗粒12c的平均粒径为0.6μm，SiC颗粒12d的平均粒径为0.2～0.8μm，优选为0.5μm。二硫化钼颗粒12b具有硫酸钡颗粒12c的平均粒径的2.33倍的平均粒径。硫酸钡颗粒12c和二硫化钼颗粒12b的平均粒径是通过Microtrac BEL公司的MT3300II测量的。以下，将二硫化钼颗粒12b的平均粒径除以硫酸钡颗粒12c的平均粒径而得到的值记为平均粒径比。二硫化钼颗粒12b为层状的颗粒，硫酸钡颗粒12c为块状的颗粒。
制作将以上说明的本实施方式的覆盖层12包覆在平板上而成的试样，对Rpk、Ra、取向率、转移量、摩擦系数、摩擦阻力降低率以及烧结面压进行测量。
Rpk和Ra分别是JIS B0671-2002和JIS B0601-2001的表面粗糙度，是覆盖层12的表面(滑动面)的表面粗糙度。截止值λc为0.08mm的情况下的Rpk(0.08)为0.162μm，截止值λc为0.8mm的情况下的Ra(0.8)为0.151μm。Rpk和Ra通过小坂研究所公司的Surfcorder SE-3400进行测量。通过将截止值λc设为0.08mm，能够得到表示除去了形成于衬层11表面的约为0.08mm周期的槽的起伏的影响后的粗糙度的Rpk(0.08)。
本实施方式的覆盖层12中的最表层L1的二硫化钼的{002}{004}{008}的取向率为87％。另外，本实施方式的覆盖层12中的最表层L1的二硫化钼的{002}{004}{006}{008}的取向率为89.9％。取向率是将在二硫化钼的{002}{004}{008}或{002}{004}{006}{008}的晶面上产生的X射线的衍射电子束的强度的合计除以在所有晶面上产生的衍射电子束的强度的合计而得到的比例。取向率是表示在覆盖层12的表面的正交方向上{002}{004}{008}或{002}{004}{006}{008}的晶面以何种程度偏移取向的指标。衍射电子束的强度通过Rigaku公司的SmartLab进行测量。取向率越高，二硫化钼颗粒12b相对于层方向的滑动面的平行度越高。
通过将重叠涂布的多个涂布层中的最表层L1的膜厚设为3μm，能够抑制最表层L1固化时的粘合剂树脂12a的收缩量。因而，能够减小存在二硫化钼颗粒12b的部位与不存在二硫化钼颗粒12b的部位之间的凹凸。进一步地，通过将最表层L1的膜厚设为二硫化钼颗粒12b的平均粒径的2倍以下、即4μm以下(优选为1～2.5μm)，能够使层状的二硫化钼颗粒12b的层方向沿涂布方向(滑动面的方向)取向。
即，能够使二硫化钼颗粒12b的厚度方向沿涂布方向的正交方向、即固化时的粘合剂的收缩方向取向。其结果是，能够抑制二硫化钼颗粒12b在粘合剂的收缩方向上的厚度，并且能够减小存在二硫化钼颗粒12b的部位与不存在二硫化钼颗粒12b的部位之间的凹凸。
假设，如图2B所示，若由单一的涂布层形成覆盖层12，则涂布时的二硫化钼颗粒12b的旋转自由度增加，二硫化钼颗粒12b的层方向能够向靠近滑动面的正交方向的方向取向。由此，在滑动面的正交方向上，由于二硫化钼颗粒12b与粘合剂树脂12a之间的收缩量之差，凹凸的高度增大。
另外，通过减小硫酸钡颗粒12c的平均粒径，即使在使用如图2A那样不能控制取向性的块状或球状的硫酸钡颗粒12c的情况下，也能够减少起因于硫酸钡颗粒12c的凹凸的量。其结果是，能够降低最表层L1的表面的Rpk。另外，通过不在最表层L1中混合SiC颗粒12d，能够降低因表面附近的SiC颗粒12d而在覆盖层12的表面产生凹凸的可能性。另外，通过不在最表层L1中混合SiC颗粒12d，能够确保使用初期的亲合性。进一步地，通过在内层L2中混合SiC颗粒12d，能够提高磨损进行时的耐磨损性。
(2)滑动构件的制造方法：
通过依次进行(a)对开基材形成工序、(b)涂布前处理工序、(c)第一涂布工序、(d)第二涂布工序、(e)干燥工序和(f)烧制工序而形成滑动构件1。但是，滑动构件1的制造方法并不限定于上述的工序。
(a)对开基材形成工序
对开基材形成工序是将里衬金属10与衬层11接合而成的基材形成为对开状的工序。例如，可以通过在相当于里衬金属10的板材上对衬层11的材料进行烧结，从而形成里衬金属10与衬层11接合而成的基材。另外，也可以通过轧制将里衬金属10和相当于衬层11的板材接合，由此形成里衬金属10和衬层11接合而成的基材。进一步地，也可以通过进行冲压加工、切削加工等机械加工，将里衬金属10与衬层11接合而成的基材加工成对开状。
(b)涂布前处理工序
涂布前处理工序是用于提高覆盖层12(树脂包覆层)相对于衬层11的表面的密接性的表面处理。例如，作为涂布前处理工序，可以进行喷砂等粗面化处理，也可以进行蚀刻、化学合成处理等化学处理。此外，涂布前处理工序优选在利用清洗剂对对开基材的油分进行脱脂后进行。
(c)第一涂布工序
第一涂布工序是在衬层11上涂布覆盖层12的内层L2的工序。在进行第一涂布工序时，制备在聚酰胺酰亚胺的粘合剂树脂中混合有二硫化钼颗粒12b和硫酸钡颗粒12c的涂布液。另外，为了提高二硫化钼颗粒12b和硫酸钡颗粒12c的分散性，或者调整涂布液的粘度，也可以根据需要使用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲苯等溶剂。
以覆盖层12中的二硫化钼颗粒12b的总体积的体积比为30体积％、硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积的体积比为15体积％、SiC颗粒12d的总体积的体积分率为0体积％的方式，混合为二硫化钼颗粒12b和硫酸钡颗粒12c的涂布液。另外，将平均粒径为1.4μm的二硫化钼颗粒12b和平均粒径为0.6μm的硫酸钡颗粒12c混合在第一涂布液中。
通过使第一涂布液附着于直径比衬层11的内径小的圆柱状的涂布辊，并使涂布辊在衬层11的内侧表面上旋转来进行第一涂布工序。可以通过调整涂布辊与衬层11的内侧表面之间的辊隙、涂布液的粘度，将第一涂布液以后述的(g)烧制工序后的膜厚成为3μm的厚度的程度涂布在衬层11的内侧表面上。
(d)第二涂布工序
之后，在第二涂布工序中，与第一涂布工序同样地进行涂布液的涂布。但是，在第二涂布工序中，使用以覆盖层12中的二硫化钼颗粒12b的总体积的体积比为30体积％、硫酸钡颗粒12c的总体积的体积比为15体积％、SiC颗粒12d的总体积的体积分率为0.7±0.2体积％的方式混合而成的涂布液。此外，也可以在第一涂布工序与第二涂布工序之间进行后述的干燥工序。
(e)干燥工序
干燥工序是使最表层L1和内层L2干燥的工序。例如，在40～120℃下经过5～60分钟使最表层L1和内层L2干燥。
(f)烧制工序
进一步地，例如在150～300℃下经过30～60分钟使最表层L1和内层L2烧制(固化)。
通过以上的工序完成滑动构件1。
(3)其他实施方式：
在上述实施方式中，仅在内层L2中混合有SiC颗粒12d，但也可以在最表层L1中也混合SiC颗粒12d，由此从使用初期起提高耐磨损性。在该情况下，通过使最表层L1中的SiC颗粒12d的含量比最表层L1中的SiC颗粒12d的含量小，也能够确保使用初期的亲合性。相反，也可以通过使最表层L1中的SiC颗粒12d的含量比最表层L1中的SiC颗粒12d的含量大，来提高使用初期的耐磨损性。另外，涂布层的层数可以为三层以上。
在上述实施方式中，举例示出了构成对发动机的曲轴进行轴承支承的滑动轴承A的滑动构件1，但也可以利用本发明的滑动构件1形成其他用途的滑动轴承A。例如，也可以利用本发明的滑动构件1形成变速器用的齿轮衬套、活塞销衬套、轮毂衬套等向心轴承。进一步地，本发明的滑动构件可以是推力轴承，也可以是各种垫圈，还可以是汽车空调压缩机用的斜板。
附图标记说明
1：滑动构件；2：对象件；10：里衬金属；11：衬层；12：覆盖层；12a：粘合剂树脂；12b：二硫化钼颗粒；12c：硫酸钡颗粒；12d：SiC颗粒；A：轴承；L1：最表层；L2：内层。

Claims (2)

1.一种滑动构件，其是具备基层和形成于所述基层上的树脂包覆层的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述树脂包覆层由作为粘合剂的聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、硫酸钡颗粒、二硫化钼颗粒和不可避免的杂质构成，并且由重叠涂布的多个涂布层构成，在多个涂布层的每一层中硬质颗粒的含量不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述硫酸钡颗粒的平均粒径为0.3μm以上且小于0.7μm。
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