CN102782350A - 滑动轴承 - Google Patents

滑动轴承 Download PDF

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CN102782350A
CN102782350A CN2010800646911A CN201080064691A CN102782350A CN 102782350 A CN102782350 A CN 102782350A CN 2010800646911 A CN2010800646911 A CN 2010800646911A CN 201080064691 A CN201080064691 A CN 201080064691A CN 102782350 A CN102782350 A CN 102782350A
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bearing
sliding bearing
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peak portion
alloy layer
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CN102782350B (zh
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渡边贤治
壁谷泰典
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

滑动轴承（1）具有形成有环状槽（2a）和峰部（2b）的轴承合金层（2）、以及覆盖该轴承合金层的表面的低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层（3），该覆盖层（3）的表面仿效轴承合金层（2）的表面的凹凸面地形成为凹凸面。上述峰部（2b）在旋转轴产生的载荷施加到滑动轴承时塑性变形，能够使旋转轴和滑动轴承磨合。与现有技术使低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层（3）磨损来使旋转轴和滑动轴承磨合的情况相比，本发明能够使峰部（2b）塑性变形来磨合，从而能够更迅速地使旋转轴和滑动轴承磨合。

Description

滑动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滑动轴承，更具体来说是涉及一种在滑动面上具有沿圆周方向延伸的峰部的滑动轴承。
背景技术
以往，公知一种滑动轴承，在滑动轴承的滑动面上，形成沿圆周方向的环状或螺旋状的环状槽，在轴向上邻接的环状槽之间成为沿着圆周方向延伸的峰部，通过各峰部的顶部对旋转轴进行枢轴支承。（专利文献1）
在上述滑动轴承中，平坦地形成铜类轴承合金、铝类轴承合金制的轴承合金层的表面，用将二硫化钼、石墨等固体润滑材料通过PAI等树脂结合而成的低摩擦性合成树脂覆盖该轴承合金层的表面，将其作为覆盖层。而且，在该覆盖层的表面上形成沿着上述圆周方向的环状或螺旋状的环状槽，在轴向上邻接的环状槽之间成为沿圆周方向延伸的峰部，通过各峰部的顶部枢轴支承旋转轴。
现有技术文献
专利文献1:日本特开2004-211859号公报
上述滑动轴承通过低摩擦性合成树脂制造覆盖层，因此，与覆盖层采用软质金属的情况相比，低摩擦性优良。
但是，相反，软质金属制的覆盖层通过较低的载荷就能引起塑性变形，因此，滑动轴承和旋转轴的磨合性（conformability）优良，而低摩擦性合成树脂与软质金属相比富有弹性，因此，不塑性变形而通过磨损低摩擦性合成树脂的一部分来确保磨合性，其结果，与使用软质金属的情况相比，在确保磨合性之前花费的时间多。
发明内容
本发明鉴于上述情况，提供一种滑动轴承，通过使用低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层，在确保优良低摩擦性这样的性能的状态下，与以往相比能够迅速地确保磨合性。
即，本发明的滑动轴承在滑动轴承的滑动面上形成沿着圆周方向的环状或螺旋状的环状槽，在轴向上邻接的环状槽之间成为沿圆周方向延伸的峰部，通过各峰部的顶部枢轴支承旋转轴，其特征在于，
上述滑动轴承由形成有上述环状槽和峰部的轴承合金层以及覆盖该轴承合金层的表面的低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层构成，并且，该覆盖层的表面仿效轴承合金层的表面的凹凸面地形成为凹凸面，并且上述旋转轴产生的载荷施加到滑动轴承时，通过使上述峰部塑性变形而使旋转轴和滑动轴承磨合。
发明的效果
根据上述结构，当上述旋转轴产生的载荷施加于滑动轴承时，通过使形成在上述轴承合金层上的峰部塑性变形，能够使旋转轴和滑动轴承相磨合。其结果，与通过磨损低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层来确保磨合性的情况相比，能够迅速地确保磨合性。
另一方面，由于覆盖层通过低摩擦性合成树脂制造，所以能够与以往同样地确保由该低摩擦性合成树脂带来的优良的低摩擦性。
附图说明
图1是沿本发明的滑动轴承1的轴向的放大剖视图。
图2是测定将轴推压于滑动轴承的表面时的表面形状的变化的试验结果图。
图3是对滑动轴承和旋转轴的磨合性以及低摩擦性进行测定的试验结果。
具体实施方式
以下，通过图示的实施例说明本发明，图1示出了沿着形成为半圆筒状或圆筒状的滑动轴承1的轴向的放大剖视图。上述滑动轴承1在未图示的里衬金属上设置有轴承合金层2，在成为该轴承合金层2的内周面的滑动面上形成沿着圆周方向的环状或螺旋状的环状槽2a，在轴向上邻接的环状槽2a之间成为沿圆周方向延伸的峰部2b。
而且，上述轴承合金层2的表面被覆盖层3覆盖，该覆盖层3仿效轴承合金层2的表面的凹凸面地成为凹凸面。
上述覆盖层3上的峰部的高度优选为1～8μm左右，成为超过8μm的值时，耐烧伤性降低，而不足1μm时，峰部2b的高度过低，不能发挥设置其的效果。另外，上述环状槽2a的间距优选为例如0.1～0.4mm，因此，图1中的纵向的比例尺和横向的比例尺具有相当大的差异。
作为上述轴承合金层2使用铜类轴承合金、铝类轴承合金，另外，作为覆盖层3使用将二硫化钼或石墨等固体润滑材料通过PAI等热固化性树脂结合而成的低摩擦性合成树脂。作为上述固体润滑剂可以列举二硫化钼（MoS2）、石墨、BN（氮化硼）、二硫化钨（WS2）、PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）、氟类树脂、Pb等。可以单独使用一种或组合两种以上使用。
另外，作为上述热固化性树脂可以列举聚酰亚胺树脂，聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂，这些树脂的二异氰酸酯改性、BPDA改性、砜改性树脂，环氧树脂，酚醛树脂等。其中，优选聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂。
使用上述低摩擦性合成树脂的覆盖层3相对富有弹性而难以塑性变形，但与使用铜类轴承合金、铝类轴承合金的轴承合金层2相比，低摩擦性优良。
另一方面，使用了上述铜类轴承合金、铝类轴承合金的轴承合金层2与使用了低摩擦性合成树脂的覆盖层3相比，摩擦系数大，但通过在该轴承合金层2的表面上形成上述环状槽2a和峰部2b，以与上述覆盖层3相比容易塑性变形的方式设定该峰部2b。
由于使覆盖层3的膜厚相当厚时，覆盖层3自身弹性变形而阻碍上述峰部2b的顶部的塑性变形，因此，虽然其膜厚也因覆盖层3的成分组成稍有变动，但优选约2.5μm以下。
图2示出了对将轴推压于滑动轴承的表面时的表面形状的变化进行测定的试验结果图。
在该试验中，本发明产品和比较产品1、2分别形成为对开式滑动轴承形状，测定轴在此穿过并施加了载荷60kN（轴承表面压力84MPa）的静载荷时的表面形状的变化。在任意一个滑动轴承中，作为轴承合金层2使用铝类合金，而且，作为覆盖层3使用将二硫化钼通过PAI结合而成的低摩擦性合成树脂。
本发明的产品在轴承合金层2的表面上形成环状槽2a和峰部2b，并且在该轴承合金层2的表面上形成膜厚1μm的覆盖层3。此时的峰部2b的高度为2.8μm。
比较产品1平坦地形成轴承合金层2的表面，在其表面上形成膜厚6μm的树脂制的覆盖层3，再在该覆盖层3上形成与上述环状槽2a和峰部2b相当的环状槽3a和峰部3b。此时的峰部2b的高度为1.9μm。
另外，比较产品2平坦地形成轴承合金层2的表面，在其表面上形成膜厚5μm的树脂制的覆盖层3，该覆盖层3的表面也平坦地形成。
从图2中的试验前的状态和载荷加载后的状态可以理解，在比较产品1、2中，施加静载荷前后，没有发生塑性变形，因此，可以理解为覆盖层3产生了弹性变形。
而在本发明的产品中，峰部2b的高度从2.8μm减小到2.0μm，能够理解为无论是否设置合成树脂制的覆盖层3，峰部2b都引起塑性变形。这可以理解为由于合成树脂制的覆盖层3的厚度薄了1μm，所以载荷不被该覆盖层3承受，主要被轴承合金层2的峰部2b承受。
以下，图3示出了关于上述本发明产品和比较产品1、2，对于滑动轴承和旋转轴的磨合性以及低摩擦性进行测定的试验结果。该试验在以下试验条件下进行。
轴承尺寸  ：直径42mm×宽度16.4mm
润滑油    ：5W-30
旋转轴材质：S45C淬火
转速      ：1300rpm
表面压力：50MPa
温度    ：140℃
如图3所示，在本发明的产品中，上述峰部2b提前引起塑性变形而磨合，并且，磨合后的摩擦系数因低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层3与旋转轴滑动接触而能够维持得较小。
而在比较产品1、2中，在试验初期，摩擦系数大幅度降低，这是由覆盖层3的磨损导致的，不发生塑性变形。而且，由于磨损的发展，如果轴和滑动轴承磨合，则低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层3与旋转轴滑动接触，所以，能够将摩擦系数维持得小。但是，覆盖层3的磨损发展直到磨合之前，与本发明产品相比，花费更多时间，期间，比较产品1、2与本发明产品相比，摩擦系数大，所以导致发动机等的动力损失。
此外，在本发明的产品中，覆盖层3充分地跟随峰部2b的塑性变形，不会发生覆盖层3剥离等不良情况。
附图标记
1滑动轴承            2轴承合金层
2a环状槽             2b峰部
3覆盖层

Claims (5)

1.一种滑动轴承，在滑动轴承的滑动面上形成沿着圆周方向的环状或螺旋状的环状槽，使在轴向上邻接的环状槽之间成为在圆周方向上延伸的峰部，通过各峰部的顶部枢轴支承旋转轴，其特征在于，
上述滑动轴承由形成有上述环状槽和峰部的轴承合金层以及覆盖该轴承合金层的表面的低摩擦性合成树脂制的覆盖层构成，并且使该覆盖层的表面仿效轴承合金层的表面的凹凸面地形成为凹凸面，并且，在上述旋转轴产生的载荷施加到滑动轴承上时，通过使上述峰部塑性变形而使旋转轴和滑动轴承磨合。
2.如权利要求1所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，上述覆盖层的膜厚为2.5μm以下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，上述覆盖层的峰部的高度为1～8μm的范围，而且，环状槽的间距为0.1～0.4mm的范围。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，上述轴承合金层是铜类轴承合金或铝类轴承合金。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，在覆盖层中，作为固体润滑剂包含二硫化钼（MoS2）、石墨、BN（氮化硼）、二硫化钨（WS2）、PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）、氟类树脂、Pb中的任意一种以上，而且，作为结合固体润滑剂的热固化性树脂使用聚酰亚胺树脂，聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂，这些树脂的二异氰酸酯改性、BPDA改性、砜改性树脂，环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
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