CN110036097A - 树脂组合物和滑动部件 - Google Patents

树脂组合物和滑动部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110036097A
CN110036097A CN201780070785.1A CN201780070785A CN110036097A CN 110036097 A CN110036097 A CN 110036097A CN 201780070785 A CN201780070785 A CN 201780070785A CN 110036097 A CN110036097 A CN 110036097A
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coating
surface roughness
test
slide unit
sliding
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山根恭平
秋月政宪
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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Publication of CN110036097A publication Critical patent/CN110036097A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种滑动部件，其具有：基材和在基材上形成并使用包含(A)至(C)的树脂组合物制成的涂层：(A)包含聚酰胺酰亚胺的粘合剂树脂；(B)分散在粘合剂树脂中的PTFE；和(C)分散在粘合剂树脂中的石墨和MoS2中的至少一种。所述涂层在滑动测试后的表面粗糙度等于或小于滑动测试前的表面粗糙度。

Description

树脂组合物和滑动部件
技术领域
本发明涉及滑动部件。
背景技术
为改善滑动表面的特征，已知具有树脂涂层的滑动材料，其中在粘合剂树脂中使用PTFE、石墨和MoS2作为添加剂(参考专利文献1和2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2002-310345号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2008-56750号公报
发明内容
技术问题
在专利文献1或2中公开的技术中，存在的问题是固体润滑剂在高载荷状态下脱落或开裂，结果滑动表面变得更粗糙。当滑动表面变得粗糙时，油膜的形成受阻，特别是在润滑油供应不足而使存在的油量较低或干燥环境中。在这种情况下，抗咬合性和耐磨性降低。
本发明提供了在润滑油供应不足的环境中用于改善高载荷条件下的抗咬合性和耐磨性的技术。
技术方案
本发明提供了一种滑动部件，所述滑动部件包括：基材；在所述基材上形成并由包含下列(A)至(C)的树脂组合物制成的涂层：(A)包含聚酰胺酰亚胺的粘合剂树脂；(B)分散在所述粘合剂树脂中的PTFE；和(C)分散在所述粘合剂树脂中的石墨和MoS2中的至少一种；其中，滑动测试后所述涂层的表面粗糙度等于或小于滑动测试前所述涂层的表面粗糙度，所述滑动测试在以下条件下进行：
测试装置：喷油式不良润滑试验机
速度：6.3m/秒
表面压力：2至20MPa(递增：2MPa/分钟)
润滑方法：喷雾
润滑油：冷冻油
对应材料：轴承钢。
滑动测试后的表面粗糙度可等于或小于滑动测试前的表面粗糙度的一半。
滑动测试后的表面粗糙度可等于或小于2.1μm RzJIS。
有利效果
根据本发明，在润滑油供应不足的环境中可以改善高载荷条件下的抗咬合性和耐磨性。
附图说明
图1是显示了一个实施方式的压缩机1的结构的示意性截面图。
图2描述了斜盘3和滑块5之间的位置关系的实例。
图3描述了斜盘3的示例性截面结构。
图4显示了在接触阻力测试中测量的表面压力。
图5显示了滑动测试前后的滑动表面的状态。
附图标记列表
1：压缩机，2：轴，3：斜盘，31：基材，32：涂层，33：涂层，4：活塞
具体实施方式
1.构造
图1是显示了本发明的一个实施方式的压缩机1的结构的示意性截面图。压缩机1是所谓的斜盘式压缩机。压缩机1包括轴2、斜盘3、活塞4和滑块5。轴2相对于外壳(图中未示出)以可旋转方式支撑。斜盘3相对于轴2的旋转轴以一定的倾斜角固定。斜盘3是本发明的滑动部件的实例。活塞4在外壳中设置的缸膛(图中未示出)内往复运动。滑块5设置在斜盘3和活塞4之间，并分别与斜盘3和活塞4一起滑动。在滑块5中，与斜盘3一起滑动的表面是基本上平坦的，而与活塞4一起滑动的表面具有圆顶状(半球形)形状。滑块5是在本发明的滑动部件上滑动的配合部件的实例。斜盘3将轴2的旋转转换为活塞4的往复运动。
图2描述了斜盘3和滑块5之间的位置关系的实例。图2是垂直于滑动表面的方向的视图。斜盘3整体是圆盘形状，在盘的中心有孔。从斜盘3观察时，滑块5在滑动表面上进行旋转运动。此处，“旋转运动”指的是滑块5相对于斜盘3界定出圆形轨迹的运动。
图3描述了斜盘3的示意性截面结构。图3是显示了在与滑块5一起滑动的表面垂直的截面上的结构的示意图。斜盘3具有基板31、涂层32和涂层33。涂层32和涂层33均在滑块5上滑动。涂层32和涂层33都是本发明的涂层的实例。基材31被形成为中心具有孔的圆盘形。基材由满足所需特征的合金制成，例如，材料为铁基合金、铜基合金或铝基合金。从防止与滑块5粘附的角度考虑，斜盘3优选由不同于滑块5的材料制成。
涂层32被形成为改善斜盘3的滑动表面的特征。涂层32由树脂组合物制成。树脂组合物包含粘合剂树脂和分散在粘合剂树脂中的添加剂。粘合剂树脂例如由热固性树脂制成。例如，可使用聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)、聚酰胺(PA)和聚酰亚胺(PI)、环氧树脂和苯酚中的至少一种作为热固性树脂。其中，粘合剂树脂优选包含PAI和PI中的至少一种。例如，该树脂组合物中粘合剂树脂的含量优选为50体积％至80体积％。更优选的是，粘合剂树脂的含量为大于60体积％。更优选的是，粘合剂树脂含量的上限为75体积％。
使用固体润滑剂作为添加剂。添加固体润滑剂以改善润滑性质，换言之，减小摩擦系数。例如，树脂组合物包含总共20体积％至50体积％的固体润滑剂。PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)用作固体润滑剂。此外，除了PTFE之外，该树脂组合物还包含石墨(Gr)和MoS2中的至少一种。MoS2的含量优选小于PTFE的含量。例如，PTFE的含量为10体积％至30体积％，更优选为15体积％至25体积％。MoS2的含量为0体积％至10体积％，优选0体积％至4体积％(即，可不包含MoS2)。石墨的含量优选为0体积％至20体积％，更优选10体积％至20体积％。此外，优选的是MoS2的含量小于石墨的含量。
为提高滑动表面的光滑性并协助形成油膜，添加至粘合剂树脂中的添加剂的平均粒径优选为小于10μm，更优选为等于或小于5μm。此处，平均粒径指的是在与粘合剂树脂混合前的原料的状态下通过激光衍射法获得的球形等效直径的分布中的50％直径(中值直径)。当添加剂的平均粒径为小于10μm时，与添加剂的平均粒径等于或小于10μm的情况相反，滑动表面可保持光滑，并因此促进了油膜的形成。因此，促进了从边界润滑过渡到混合润滑或流体润滑，并且即使在诸如低油含量和高载荷等苛刻条件下也很容易获得增强的润滑。
PTFE的平均粒径优选大于石墨的平均粒径或MoS2的平均粒径。本发明的发明人假设，通过使用平均粒径大于石墨和MoS2的平均粒径的PTFE，PTFE在滑动表面上拉伸以覆盖石墨或MoS2，由此容易保持滑动表面的光滑性。
树脂组合物还可包含硬颗粒作为添加剂。作为硬颗粒，例如使用氧化物、氮化物、碳化物和硫化物中的至少一种。硬颗粒的平均粒径优选为小于10μm，更优选小于PTFE的平均粒径。
涂层33也使用与涂层32相同的树脂组合物形成。在基板31中，充当滑动表面的表面，即其上形成有涂层32的表面和其上形成有涂层33的表面是基本上平坦的。可以使基板31的表面粗糙化以增强与涂层32的粘附。另外，在基板31和涂层32之间可以形成中间层。
本发明并不限于以上实施方式，并且可以对该实施方式应用各种修改。例如，具有使用本实施方式的树脂组合物形成的涂层的滑动部件并不限于压缩机用斜盘。滑动部件可以是压缩机用滑块，或者是发动机中使用的半轴承、衬套或止推垫圈。
2.实验例
本发明人制造了各种条件下的滑动部件的测试件。本发明人评估了它们的特性。铸铁用作滑动部件的基材。将基材加工成如图1中所示的斜盘状。在该制成的基材上形成涂层，该涂层由表1中描述的树脂组合物制成。PAI用作粘合剂树脂。另外，实验例3为MoS2的平均粒径大于PTFE的平均粒径的实例。
[表1]
首先，对以上三个实验例的测试件进行耐磨性测试。耐磨性测试的测试条件如下。
测试装置：高压大气摩擦磨损试验机
速度：40m/秒
表面压力：4至12MPa(递增：2MPa/3分钟)
时间：在最大表面压力时保持1小时
气氛：制冷剂和润滑不良
对应材料：轴承钢
本发明人在测试后观察了测试件的滑动表面，并确定涂层是否发生磨损。尽管在实验例3中发生磨损，但在实验例1和2中没有发现磨损。也就是说，与实验例3相比，实验例1和2具有改善的耐磨性。
此外，本发明人对实验例1和2的测试件进行了抗咬合性测试。抗咬合性测试的测试条件如下。
测试装置：喷油式不良润滑试验机
速度：6.3m/秒
表面压力：2至20MPa(递增：2MPa/分钟)
时间：至多10分钟
润滑方法：喷雾
润滑油：冷冻油
对应材料：轴承钢
图4显示了在接触阻力测试中测量的表面压力。尽管在10MPa的表面压力时实验例3的测试件发生咬合，但实验例1和2的测试件即使在测试装置的最大表面压力20MPa时也未发生咬合。因此，与实验例3相比，实验例1和2具有改善的抗咬合性。
此外，本发明人对实验例1和2的测试件进行了滑动测试，并在测试前后使用表面粗糙度仪(Kosaka Laboratory制造的SP81B)测量滑动表面的表面粗糙度。此外，用电子显微镜观察表面。滑动测试的测试条件与上述抗咬合性测试的测试条件相同。
图5显示了滑动测试前后的滑动表面的状态。图5(A)显示了实验例1，图5(B)显示了实验例2，图5(C)显示了实验例3。应当注意的是，表面粗糙度是JIS B 0601:2001中定义的十点平均粗糙度RzJIS而测得的。尽管在滑动测试的过程中实验例3中表面粗糙度增大，但在滑动测试期间实验例1和2中的表面粗糙度减小。滑动测试后的表面粗糙度等于或小于滑动测试前的表面粗糙度的一半。此外，滑动测试后的表面粗糙度等于或小于2.1μmRzJIS。换言之，尽管在使用后实验例3的表面变得更粗糙，但使用后实验例1和2的表面变得更为光滑。

Claims (3)

1.一种滑动部件，所述滑动部件包括：
基材；
在所述基材上形成的涂层，所述涂层由包含下列(A)至(C)的树脂组合物制成：
(A)包含聚酰胺酰亚胺的粘合剂树脂；
(B)分散在所述粘合剂树脂中的PTFE；和
(C)分散在所述粘合剂树脂中的石墨和MoS2中的至少一种；
其中，
滑动测试后所述涂层的表面粗糙度等于或小于滑动测试前所述涂层的表面粗糙度，所述滑动测试在以下条件下进行：
测试装置：喷油式不良润滑试验机
速度：6.3m/秒
表面压力：2至20MPa(递增：2MPa/分钟)
润滑方法：喷雾
润滑油：冷冻油
对应材料：轴承钢。
2.如权利要求1所述的滑动部件，其中，滑动测试后的表面粗糙度等于或小于滑动测试前的表面粗糙度的一半。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其中，滑动测试后的表面粗糙度等于或小于2.1μmRzJIS。
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