WO2014181562A1 - 摺動部材 - Google Patents
摺動部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014181562A1 WO2014181562A1 PCT/JP2014/053865 JP2014053865W WO2014181562A1 WO 2014181562 A1 WO2014181562 A1 WO 2014181562A1 JP 2014053865 W JP2014053865 W JP 2014053865W WO 2014181562 A1 WO2014181562 A1 WO 2014181562A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- graphite
- sliding member
- layer
- bearing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1095—Construction relative to lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
- F16C33/124—Details of overlays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
- F16C33/125—Details of bearing layers, i.e. the lining
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
- F16C33/206—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
- F16C2202/50—Lubricating properties
- F16C2202/52—Graphite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
- F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
- F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
- F16C2208/58—Several materials as provided for in F16C2208/30 - F16C2208/54 mentioned as option
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding member used for a sliding bearing or the like.
- Slide bearings are used as main bearings for automobile engines and other industrial machine engines.
- the plain bearing has a back metal and a lining layer (bearing alloy layer) and is processed into a cylindrical or half bearing shape.
- Two counter split bearings are joined and used as a cylindrical bearing.
- misalignment of the counterpart shaft, coaxiality, and the like and local contact between the counterpart shaft and the slide bearing may occur.
- the number of engines equipped with an idling stop system is increasing in order to reduce fuel consumption. In such an engine, since the number of times of starting / stopping increases, the frequency with which the bearing contacts the counterpart shaft increases. If the friction between the bearing and the mating shaft is large, the starting torque increases and fuel consumption deteriorates. Therefore, in engine bearings, there is an increasing demand for reducing the starting torque by reducing the friction during contact-starting.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a bearing that operates smoothly even when in contact with a mating shaft.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for reducing a friction coefficient by distinguishing a sliding member into a mixed lubrication region and a fluid lubrication region, and selecting an appropriate material according to each region.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of realizing low friction and low wear by providing a lipophilic composite oxide film having good adhesion to the sliding member on the surface of the sliding member.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for forming a film with improved anti-seizure property, initial conformability, and cavitation resistance by using a resin binder that has been polymer-alloyed by applying high shear to a specific resin. Yes.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for reducing the friction coefficient by coating the surface of a sliding member with a diamond-like carbon film.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 there is still room for improvement in the starting torque reduction effect.
- the present invention provides a sliding member that further reduces the starting torque.
- the present invention provides a lining layer formed of an alloy having a predetermined shape, a binder resin that forms an overlay layer on an inner peripheral surface that slides with a mating member of the lining layer, and a solid lubricant in the overlay layer.
- the average particle diameter of the graphite may be 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the content of the graphite in the overlay layer may be 30 to 70% by volume.
- the overlay layer may further contain a hard material.
- the hard material may include at least one of SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiN, AIN, CrO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , ZrO 2, and Fe 3 P.
- the binder resin may include at least one of a polyamide-imide resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, a phenol resin, a polyacetal tree, a polyether ether ketone resin, a polyphenylene sulfite resin, and an epoxy resin.
- the solid lubricant may further contain at least one of MoS 2 , polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite having a graphitization degree of less than 90%, WS 2 , h-BN (hexagonal boron nitride) and Sb 2 0 3. Good.
- the friction coefficient can be reduced and the starting torque can be reduced.
- the perspective view which shows the structure of the main bearing 11 which concerns on one Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a main bearing 11 according to an embodiment.
- the main bearing 11 is an example of a sliding member, and is used, for example, as a bearing between a crankshaft and a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine or a crankshaft and an engine block.
- the main bearing 11 is composed of two half bearings 13. When the two half bearings 13 are joined, a cylindrical bearing is obtained. In FIG. 1, only a single half bearing 13 is shown.
- the half bearing 13 has a back metal 15, a lining (bearing alloy) layer 17, and an overlay layer 19.
- the backing metal 15 is a layer for reinforcing the mechanical strength of the lining layer 17.
- the back metal 15 is made of steel, for example.
- the lining layer 17 is provided along the sliding surface of the bearing (the surface in contact with the shaft) and has characteristics as a bearing, for example, friction characteristics, seizure resistance, wear resistance, conformability, and foreign matter embedment (foreign matter). This is a layer for imparting characteristics such as robustness and corrosion resistance.
- the lining layer 17 is made of a bearing alloy.
- the bearing alloy avoids becoming a so-called “toggle” with the shaft, and a material system different from the shaft is used.
- an aluminum alloy is used as a bearing alloy because it is used as a shaft bearing made of steel.
- an alloy based on a metal other than aluminum, such as a copper alloy may be used.
- the composition is not particularly limited, but 10% by mass or less of Cr, Si, Mn, Sb, Sr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Ti, W, Zr, V, Cu, Mg, and Zn
- the former group of elements mainly imparts strength and wear resistance, and the latter group of elements mainly imparts conformability, and the bearing characteristics are adjusted by the type and amount of each additive element.
- the composition is not particularly limited, but at least one of Pb and Bi of 25% by mass or less, Sn of 10% by mass or less, P, Ag, In, Ni of 2% by mass or less , Al or the like may be contained.
- soft metals such as Pb and Bi give familiarity.
- Sn the basic component of bronze, provides strength and wear resistance.
- Other components supplementarily improve the properties.
- P is effective for deoxygenation, promotion of sintering, strengthening and the like.
- Ag forms a compound effective for improving the sliding characteristics by reaction with the impurity component S in the lubricating oil or copper. In improves corrosion resistance and lubricating oil stagnation. Ni and Al strengthen copper.
- the thickness of the lining layer 17 is, for example, 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- the thickness of the back metal 15 is, for example, 1.0 to 3.0 mm.
- the overlay layer 19 is a layer for improving the characteristics of the lining layer 17 such as the coefficient of friction, conformability, corrosion resistance, and foreign material embedding property (foreign material robustness).
- the overlay layer 19 includes a binder resin and at least one of a solid lubricant and a hard material dispersed in the binder resin.
- the components of the overlay layer 19 are preferably solid lubricant: 30 to 70% by volume, hard material: 0 to 5%, and binder resin: residue.
- the binder resin for example, a known resin such as a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin can be used.
- the binder resin is at least one of a polyamide-imide (PAI) resin, a polyimide (PI) resin, a polyamide resin, a phenol resin, a polyacetal resin, a polyether catheter ketone resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, and an epoxy resin.
- PAI resin is preferred.
- the content of the binder resin in the overlay layer is determined according to the amount of other additives, but is preferably 30 to 70% by volume, more preferably 40 to 65% by volume.
- Solid lubricant is added to improve the friction properties.
- the solid lubricant includes, for example, at least one of MoS 2 , WS 2 , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), graphite, h-BN, and SB 2 O 3 .
- MoS 2 gives good lubricity.
- PTFE has an effect of reducing the friction coefficient because of its low intermolecular cohesion.
- graphite improves wettability and improves initial conformability.
- the initial conformability is a property that improves the slidability when the sliding surface wears and becomes smooth when slidably contacting with the counterpart material after the start of sliding. When the slidability is improved by the expression of the initial conformability, the wear amount of the entire sliding layer is reduced.
- graphite having a graphitization degree (graphitization degree) of 90% or more is used as the solid lubricant.
- Graphite is a substance having a layered crystal structure in which the (002) planes are laminated, and has a property that the layers easily slip. This property reduces the coefficient of friction when the cleaved surface of graphite is oriented in the sliding direction. Therefore, the friction coefficient can be reduced by using graphite as the solid lubricant.
- the degree of graphitization of graphite used as the solid lubricant is higher.
- the degree of graphitization is preferably 90% or more. Further, the degree of graphitization is more preferably close to 100%.
- the degree of graphitization is calculated using the average interplanar spacing (interlayer distance) d002 and the following equation (1).
- the average spacing d 002 is measured by X-ray diffraction.
- Graphitization degree (3.440 ⁇ d 002 ) ⁇ 100 / 0.086 (1)
- Graphite is characterized by high affinity with engine oil.
- Engine oil exists as a lubricating oil between the bearing and the counterpart shaft, and a film (oil film) is formed.
- oil film oil film
- the affinity between the overlay layer and the engine oil can be evaluated by the contact angle.
- the contact angle is preferably 20 ° or less, and more preferably 15 ° or less.
- the degree of graphitization of graphite which is a solid lubricant, is less than 90%.
- the degree of graphitization is preferably 90% or more.
- the graphite content in the overlay layer is preferably 30 to 70% by volume, and more preferably 35 to 60% by volume.
- the surface roughness of graphite becomes smaller as the particle size becomes smaller, and it becomes easier to form an oil film. That is, a low starting torque can be obtained.
- the average particle diameter of graphite is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the graphite, the median size d 50 is used. The average particle diameter is measured by a known method.
- the solid lubricant may contain other solid lubricants in addition to graphite.
- Other solid lubricants used with graphite may be cleaved or non-cleavable.
- the particle size of the other solid lubricant is preferably equal to or less than that of graphite.
- the particle size of other solid lubricants is also measured by a known method.
- the content of the other solid lubricant in the overlay layer is 1 to 30 volumes. %, Preferably 1 to 20% by volume.
- Hard materials are added to improve wear resistance.
- the hard material includes, for example, at least one of SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiN, AlN, CrO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , ZrO 2 , and Fe 3 P.
- the particle size of the hard material is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. From the viewpoint of seizure resistance, the content of the hard material in the overlay layer is preferably 0.1 to 5% by volume, and more preferably 0.3 to 3% by volume. An appropriate addition amount can be determined in accordance with the Mohs hardness and particle size of the hard material to be used. The addition of a hard material may be omitted.
- the thickness of the overlay layer is preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the layer is considered to affect not only the orientation of the solid lubricant particles but also the adhesive strength with the bearing substrate, the strength within the layer, the thermal conductivity, and the like.
- the present invention may be applied to a piston skirt.
- the skirt of the piston is made of, for example, a high Si—Al alloy such as AC8A or AC9B that is an aluminum alloy casting (corresponding to an alloy layer).
- the skirt may be coated with an overlay layer comprising a binder resin and a solid lubricant.
- the cylinder corresponds to the mating member.
- the method for mixing the solid lubricant and the binder resin is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the overlay precursor is prepared by putting graphite and a binder resin in a kneader and mixing them under conditions of a shear rate of 0.1 to 2 m / s.
- the binder resin may be incompatible, but is preferably at least partially compatible from the viewpoint of practical use.
- the compatibility may be mechanically blended with high shear.
- step (b) the back metal and the bearing alloy layer are pressed, for example, to form a bearing base material. Further, the bearing base is processed into a predetermined shape, for example, a cylindrical shape or a semicylindrical shape.
- the overlay precursor (paint) when the overlay precursor (paint) is applied onto the bearing substrate, it is preferable to use a diluent for uniform dispersion of the solid lubricant and the binder resin.
- the diluent is not particularly limited, and for example, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is used.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the mixing ratio of the diluent is, for example, 30 to 70% by volume with respect to the solid content.
- the overcoating may be performed a plurality of times instead of increasing the concentration of the overlay layer in the diluent.
- step (d) the overlay precursor is dried to remove the diluent.
- Conditions such as drying time and drying temperature are not particularly limited as long as the diluent is dried.
- drying is preferably performed at 50 to 150 ° C. for 5 minutes to 30 hours in the air.
- the drying time is more preferably 5 to 30 minutes.
- the bearing in which the overlay layer was formed can be obtained by baking in process (e). Specifically, for example, the bearing substrate after step (d) is gradually heated to a firing temperature at a temperature rising rate of 5 to 15 ° C./min, and is 150 to 300 ° C. and 0.2 to 1 in the atmosphere. Bake for 5 hours.
- test pieces of sliding members were prepared under various conditions, and these test pieces were evaluated. As evaluation items, the contact angle with engine oil, the friction coefficient, and the starting torque were used.
- the overlay precursor paint with adjusted composition was applied to the surface of the lining layer by a roll method.
- NMP was used as a diluent.
- the ratio of overlay precursor to diluent was 50:50 (weight ratio).
- After application it was dried at 100 ° C. for 15 minutes or 900 minutes. Then, it heated up to 180 degreeC with the temperature increase rate of 10 degree-C / min, and baked in air
- the average interplanar spacing was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the particle size distribution of graphite was measured.
- the average particle diameter of the compound used as another solid lubricant and a hard material is MoS 2 : 2 ⁇ m, WS 2 : 2 ⁇ m, PTFE: 2 ⁇ m, A1 2 0 3 : 0.52 m, SiC: 0.5 ⁇ m, Fe 3 P: 0.5 ⁇ m, AlN: 0.5 ⁇ m. These were all measured by the same method as the particle size of graphite.
- the contact angle with engine oil was measured under the following conditions using an automatic contact angle meter DM-501 manufactured by Kyowa Interface Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 ⁇ L of engine oil was dropped on the test piece, and the contact angle one minute after dropping at 25 ° C. was measured by the ⁇ / 2 method. The contact angle was measured 5 times, and the arithmetic average was adopted as the contact angle.
- As the engine oil TFF MO SN OW-20 JWS3070A manufactured by EMG Marketing GK was used.
- the load was always 2000 N (1.2 MPa).
- the number of cycles was 180 cycles, and the test time was 1 hour.
- the torque peak value generated at the time of starting is measured, but since the torque variation is large in the initial stage of the test, comparison was made with the average value of the measured values for the final 20 cycles.
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the test pieces of Experimental Examples 1 to 17, and Table 2 shows the evaluation results of these test pieces.
- Test pieces using graphite having a degree of graphitization of 90% or more as a solid lubricant are test specimens using PTFE, WS 2 and MoS 2 as solid lubricants (Experimental Examples 13 and 15 to 15). The starting torque was lower than 17). Compared with the test piece using graphite with a degree of graphite of less than 90% (Experimental Example 14), the test piece using graphite with a degree of graphitization of 90% or more (Experimental Examples 1 to 12) has a lower starting torque. The torque reduction effect was high.
- test pieces using graphite as the solid lubricant have a smaller engine oil contact angle than the test specimens not using graphite (Experimental Examples 13 and 15 to 17).
- lipophilicity was a tendency for lipophilicity to improve. That is, it was found that the effect of retaining the engine oil for a long time can be obtained even if the start / stop cycle is repeated by using graphite.
- This embodiment relates to a sliding member having an overlay layer containing graphite having a degree of graphitization of 90% or more as a solid lubricant. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the starting torque and further improve the oil film retainability and wear resistance.
- the sliding member according to the present embodiment is employed, for example, as a sliding member for an engine including an idling stop system with a large number of start / stop times.
Abstract
Description
図1は、一実施形態に係る主軸受11の構造を示す図である。主軸受11は摺動部材の一例であり、例えば、内燃機関のクランクシャフトとコネクティングロッド、またはクランクシャフトとエンジンブロックの間の軸受として用いられる。主軸受11は、2つの半割軸受13により構成される。2つの半割軸受13を接合すると円筒状の軸受が得られる。なお、図1においては、単一の半割軸受13のみを示している。
黒鉛化度=(3.440-d002)×100/0.086 …(1)
一実施形態に係る軸受の製造方法は、以下に示す工程を含む。
(a)固体潤滑剤(グラファイト)およびバインダー樹脂を含むオーバレイ前駆体を調製する工程
(b)軸受基材を成形する工程
(c)軸受基材上に、オーバレイ前駆体を塗布する工程
(d)オーバレイ前駆体を乾燥させる工程
(e)オーバレイ前駆体を焼成する工程
種々の条件で摺動部材の試験片を作製し、これらの試験片を評価した。評価項目としては、エンジン油との接触角、摩擦係数、起動トルクを用いた。
裏金としては1.2mmの鋼板(SPCC(JIS))を、ライニング層(軸受合金)としては厚さ0.3mmのアルミニウム系合金(Al-89.5%Sn-7.0%Si-2.0%Cu-1.O%Cr-0.5%)を用いた。これらを接合したバイメタルを基材とした。
ターゲット:Cu
フィルター:Ni
管電圧:30kV
時定数:1秒
走引速度:20/分
発散スリット:1°
受光スリット:0.3mm
エンジン油との接触角は、協和界面化学社製の自動接触角計DM-501を用いて以下の条件で行った。試験片に対して、エンジン油を1μL滴下し、25℃における滴下1分後の接触角をθ/2法により測定した。接触角は5回測定し、その相加平均を接触角として採用した。なお、エンジン油としては、EMGマーケテイング合同会社製のTFF MO SN OW-20 JWS3070Aを用いた。
摩擦係数の測定には平板形状の試験片と、ボールオンプレートタイプの試験機(大豊工業株式会社製、バウデン式付着すべり試験機)を用いた。相手材として直径8mmの高炭素クロム軸受鋼鋼材(SUJ2)球を用いた。相手材を試験片に荷重9.8Nで押し付け、試験片を往復運動させた。摩擦係数はロードセルにて検出した摩擦力から算出した。平均のすべり速度は3mm/秒、摺動幅9mmで、1ストローク中の平均値を摩擦係数とした。摺動回数は100往復、試験時間は800秒とし、終盤20回の摩擦係数の平均値で比較評価した。なお潤滑状態は無潤滑で行った。
起動トルクの測定には、神鋼造機製の回転荷重試験機を用いた。この試験機は、ハウジングに組み付けられた二組の試験軸受部とボールベアリングで軸と連結された荷重負荷用ハウジングで構成されており、相手軸はトルク計を介して駆動用のモーターに連結されている。試験部への給油はハウジングから軸受の油穴を通して行われる。潤滑油は、接触角の測定に用いたエンジン油と同じものを用いた。給油温度は30℃とした。運転パターンは、起動-停止とし、軸回転速度700rpmまでの加速(1.7m/s)と定速運転で10秒、減速と停止で10秒の1サイクル20秒とした。荷重は2000N(1.2MP a)を常時負荷した。サイクル数は180サイクル、試験時間は1時間とした。起動トルク測定では、起動時に発生するトルクピーク値を測定するが、試験初期はトルクのばらつきが大きいため、終盤20サイクルを対象にしてその測定値の平均値で比較評価した。
Claims (7)
- 所定の形状を有する合金で形成された合金層と、
前記合金層のうち相手部材と摺動する内周面においてオーバレイ層を形成するバインダー樹脂と、
前記オーバレイ層に固体潤滑剤として含まれ、グラファイト化度が90%以上のグラファイトと
を有する摺動部材。 - 前記グラファイトの平均粒径が3μm以下である
請求項1に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記オーバレイ層における前記グラファイトの含有量が30~70体積%である
請求項1または2に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記オーバレイ層がさらに硬質物を含む
請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記硬質物が、SiC、Al203、TiN、AIN、CrO2、Si3N4、ZrO2およびFe3Pのうち少なくとも1つを含む
請求項4に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記バインダー樹脂が、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリアセタール樹月旨、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイト樹脂およびエポキシ樹脂のうち少なくとも1つを含む
請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記固体潤滑剤がさらに、MoS2、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、グラファイト化度90%未満のグラファイト、WS2、h-BNおよびSb203のうち少なくとも1つを含む
請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の摺動部材。
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EP14795409.3A EP2995827A4 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-02-19 | Sliding member |
US14/889,065 US20160076587A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-02-19 | Sliding member |
CN201480025756.XA CN105308339A (zh) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-02-19 | 滑动构件 |
JP2015515795A JP6122488B2 (ja) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-02-19 | 摺動部材 |
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US (1) | US20160076587A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2995827A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6122488B2 (ja) |
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JP2016098889A (ja) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-30 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
JP2016114079A (ja) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-23 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 半割軸受 |
JP2018048726A (ja) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-29 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動装置 |
JP2018071581A (ja) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-10 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動装置 |
JP7463421B2 (ja) | 2018-03-22 | 2024-04-08 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
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GB2521600A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-07-01 | Skf Ab | A building block for a mechanical construction |
DE102014220872A1 (de) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-21 | Christof Diener | Ölanziehendes Lager mit oberflächenmodifiziertem Teil aus nichtrostendem Wälzlagerstahl |
JP6300843B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-15 | 2018-03-28 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
CN106321635B (zh) * | 2016-09-12 | 2019-02-01 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 发动机低摩擦轴瓦及其制备方法 |
JP6298132B1 (ja) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-20 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
CN108610666B (zh) | 2016-12-09 | 2021-05-18 | 通用电气公司 | 高温干膜润滑剂 |
CN108061097A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-22 | 昆山拓可机械有限公司 | 一种无铅滑动轴瓦及生产工艺 |
JP7222690B2 (ja) | 2018-12-17 | 2023-02-15 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
GB2599119B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2023-02-01 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Bearing material with solid lubricant |
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Also Published As
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EP2995827A1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
JP6122488B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
CN105308339A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
US20160076587A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
EP2995827A4 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
JPWO2014181562A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
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