CN1130224C - 低糖份、稳定的、不含白蛋白的一种重组体凝血因子制剂 - Google Patents
低糖份、稳定的、不含白蛋白的一种重组体凝血因子制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
当用水复制后,包括晶状和非晶形成分冻干形式、稳定的、不含白蛋白的重组体凝血因子VIII(rF VIII)制剂含约65-400mM甘氨酸、最高可达50mM组氨酸、15-60mM蔗糖、最高可达50mM NaCl、最高可达5mM CaCl2和50-1500IU rF VIII/ml。在用水复制后,特别优选制剂包含约290mM甘氨酸、20mM组氨酸、30mM蔗糖、30mM NaCl、2.5mM CaCl2和50-1500IU rF VIII/ml。所述冻干制剂中残留的水分约为1-3%(重量),优选约为1%(重量)。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及rF VIII药用制剂,尤其涉及其稳定的、不含白蛋白的冻干制剂。
背景技术
凝血因子VIII是血液凝固过程必需的公知血浆蛋白。尽管凝血因子VIII通常可以从人血浆中获得,近年来已作出许多努力从重组体来源制备凝血因子VIII(rF VIII),以便避免与血液制品有关的可能污染。此外,凝血因子VIII的重组体来源可提供实际上无限量的凝血因子,因而避免与使用自愿捐献血浆作为原料有关的供应能力的限制。
因为rF VIII产品的优点之一是它不来自于人血浆,因而避免了由人血浆原因引起的可能污染,所以,rF VIII制备当中的目标是开发稳定的rF VIII制剂,它完全不含任何人血原料。不幸的是,像许多其它的治疗性蛋白一样,rF VIII是不稳定蛋白质,在贮存期间它可变得不稳定。为克服其不稳定性,常用方法是将人血清白蛋白加入该产品中作为稳定剂。已发现白蛋白是F VIII的良好的稳定剂并用在市场上的许多销售产品中。但是,使用人体白蛋白作为rF VIII稳定剂,首先,重组体产品的优势之一(即避免任何含人血原料)便丧失了。
最近一直有报导,关于使用氯化钠、氯化钙和组氨酸作为缓冲离子的低离子强度介质和高离分强度介质的不含白蛋白的凝血因子VIII制剂。此外,已经使用碱性氨基酸例如赖氨酸和糖例如甘露糖醇、蔗糖或麦芽糖。为达到不含白蛋白的凝血因子VIII制剂的稳定性,同时保留其用于治疗目的所必需的等渗性,在该无白蛋白制剂中大约使用了10%的糖。例如参见美国专利第4877608号(低离子强度制剂)。欧洲专利第0314095号公开另一具有高离子强度和以组氨酸作为缓冲剂的不含白蛋白制剂。
美国专利第4877608号涉及其溶液而不涉及冻干产品,后者必须能经受对制备该产品是必需的冻干循环过程。欧洲专利第314095号介绍包括较高含量的氯化钠并主要以液体制剂形式使用的凝血因子VIII制剂。
其它关于凝血因子VIII制剂的专利包括美国专利第5399670号,它介绍精氨酸在含白蛋白冻干制剂中的用途。也参见WO 95/01804,它介绍不包含蔗糖或甘氨酸的制剂,美国专利第4440679号和美国专利第4623717号(申请人均为Fernandes等人)显示一起使用至少30%(重量)糖与氨基酸,以便使液体状态的F VIII在巴氏杀菌条件下(60℃,至少10小时)稳定。
除了上述凝血因子VIII制剂外,还有其它几篇涉及凝血因子VIII纯化和/或稳定化的专利。它们包括美国专利第5288853号,它涉及包括在加入甘氨酸后使用结合肝素柱(heparin-coupled column)以便生成纯化凝血因子VIII产品的多步骤制备过程。
美国专利第5399670号涉及制备增加溶解度的冻干凝血因子VIII制剂的方法,它要求在冻干前,加入精氨酸到凝血因子VIII溶液中。
美国专利第5259951号涉及使用离子交换柱从血浆中纯化凝血因子VIII的多步骤方法。
美国专利第4758657号涉及从血浆中分离凝血因子VIII:C的多步骤方法,其中至少有一个步骤要求将凝血因子VIII:C吸附在疏水的相互作用基质上。
除上述专利外,最近公开了与本发明rF VIII制剂似乎类似的凝血因子IX(FIX)制剂。参见Abstract 244,作者L.Bush等,Hemophilia,第2卷,副刊1,64页(1996年6月)。F IX为可转变成活性分解蛋白酶的酶原。另一方面,F VIII作为辅助因子与其它凝血成分一起影响血液凝固过程。F VIII的分子量约340000道尔顿,而F IX的分子量约为56000-57000道尔顿。F VIII对分解蛋白过程非常敏感,同时损失其促凝血活性。众所周知,凝血因子VIII本身比F IX更不稳定,且各个凝血因子的冻干浓缩物都显示出在不同温度贮存过程中稳定性方面的显著差异。与F VIII不同,F IX包括独特的12N末端谷氨酸残基r-羧化作用,所以提供了作为不同稳定性可能的基础。所以,不必要将F IX制剂假定为F VIII制剂。
在Pharmaceutical Research,12卷,第6期,831-837页(1995年)中,也公开了与下文所公开制剂类似的稳定的重组体人白细胞间素-1受体拮抗剂制剂。
不管过去和现在为开发能够顺利地冻干,然后用水以可迅速复制的、稳定的rF VIII制剂所作的一切努力,到目前为止,提供一种不仅可避免使用人体产物例如白蛋白,而且满足适合的冻干过程和能迅速复制及等渗性的要求,同时具长期稳定性包括药学上可接受的贮存期限的rF VIII制剂是困难的。
使人感到惊奇的是,我们现已发现该类制剂是能够得到的。在开发该制剂的过程中,我们发现在现有技术中作为缓冲剂来介绍和使用的组氨酸实际上对不含白蛋白的冻干制剂具有失稳效应。但是,已发现所述组氨酸的失稳效应通过新的含盐、甘氨酸和蔗糖的制剂可以有效地得以克服,发现该组合在稳定rF VIII方面具有有益的作用。该混合物也保护rF VIII经历冻干过程中的多次冰冻熔化循环,并为加水迅速复制该冻干产物提供保证。与基本上是非晶体的大多数现有技术制剂不同,所述制剂包含晶体和非晶体成分。本发明制剂在室温下,以液体状态保持稳定至少达24小时。以下详细介绍本发明制剂及其用途。
发明概述
本改进的rF VIII制剂是药学上可接受的不含白蛋白冻干产品,它在水中可以迅速复制(在30秒钟内),并用于治疗血友病。所述冻干制剂为包含盐、氨基酸和蔗糖的新的混合物。本产品在室温下稳定,并与现有技术制剂不同,含有较低含量的糖。
当用水复制后,本发明制剂包含下列成分:
甘氨酸 约65-400mM,优选290mM,
组氨酸 最高可达约50mM,优选1mM-50mM
特别优选20mM,
蔗糖 约15-60mM,优选30mM,
NaCl 最高可达约50mM,优选1mM-50mM
特别优选30mM,
CaCl2 最高可达约5mM,优选0.1-5mM,特别
优选2.5mM,和
rF VIII
约50-1500IU/ml
在优选的冻干制剂中,残留水分应该约为1-3%(重量),优选约1%(重量)
附图简述
附图为比较具较低糖含量的本发明制剂(上方曲线)与具较高糖含量的现有技术所述制剂(下方曲线)在40℃下药效对时间的图解。
发明详述
本发明的目的是发现不含白蛋白的制剂,它使经历不同加工步骤例如超滤/diafiltration、大量冷冻贮存、冰冻-熔化操作和冻干过程的rF VIII具有稳定性(药效损失极小或约低于20%)。此外,要求它在复制后液体状态下稳定的速溶产品。最后,要求它是用短时冷冻干燥过程可以冻干、具合适的贮存期限、药物学上可接受的冻干产品。
在冻干过程中蛋白质不结晶。干燥过程的目的应该是将蛋白质水溶液转变成为非晶相,以便保护该蛋白质免受由于结晶(或全部失去水分)环境引起化学和/或构象的不稳定性。所以,常包含大量的白蛋白(最高可达1%)以便提供可使所述蛋白质稳定的非晶相(成分)。
根据上述全部的目的,开发了包括便于迅速冻干的晶状成分和可使rF VIII稳定的非晶形成分的制剂。在此所表达的包括非晶形成分的结晶体表示所述制剂包含两个或两个以上不同相,其中至少一相是晶状的和至少一相是非晶形的。固体可以以晶状或非晶形形式存在。晶状物质的特征为具有明确的结构、化学计量组成和熔点。相反,非晶形物质无明确分子结构并可以称作具有极高粘度的过冷液体,例如粘弹“橡胶”或非常刚性易碎的玻璃。据认为其它一些糖例如麦芽糖、海藻糖和麦芽三糖可以包括在制剂中起所述非晶形成分的作用。也可以包括甘露糖醇,起制剂晶状成分的作用。
用于确定药学上可接受的不含白蛋白的rF VIII制剂的程序如下:
(a)原料是用正交层析方法纯化的高度纯化的rF VIII。上述方法定义为按不同方法和原理操作并一般连续使用的层析方法。因此,通过使用更有效的不同纯化方法,可以迅速纯化蛋白质。所产生的凝血因子VIII为至少90%纯度(用凝胶电泳)并具高于2000IU/mg比活性的蛋白质。rF VIII的理论纯度一直是争论的课题,但据认为是约3500-5000IU/mg蛋白质。
(b)通过超滤/diafiltration(UF/DF)将所述蛋白制成制剂,并研究经UF/DF的回收率、对冰冻-熔化的敏感性和在不同保温温度下液体的稳定性。
(c)通过DSC(示差扫描量热法)进一步显示可能的制剂在热性能方面的特征。测定玻璃化转变温度(Tg1)、反玻璃化温度(Td1)和低共熔温度(Te1)。该资料用于确定能迅速冻干和用于进一步研究的制剂。
(d)使用迅速的冷冻干燥循环过程将上述重要制剂冻干,并在标准及加速贮存温度下完成稳定性分析。
(e)在不同时刻,从在40℃下贮存的样品中,可以容易地确定出稳定的制剂。
在分析导致本发明制剂的许多研究结果的过程中,使用多变量实验设计策略和程序比例筛选中氨基酸、盐和糖的混合物所组成的一组成分。使用需要专门操作技术的程序分析所述结果,以便分析成分之间的任何相互作用,产生对所述数据的多变量响应表面分析(multi-variable response-surface analysis)。使我们感到吃惊的是,发现组氨酸(常用在现有技术中)实际上对rF VIII制剂具有失稳效应。这导致需要产格审查我们认为最后可接受的制剂中各种成分的标准。
实施例1
通过滴定包含150mM NaCl、2.5mM CaCl2和165mM甘露糖醇的rF VIII混合物中不同含量的组氨酸来研究组氨酸对冻干rF VIII稳定性的影响。其结果列于下表1中。
表1
在组氨酸存在下,40℃贮存两周后,相当初始药效的百分率
组氨酸(mM) | 相当初始药效的百分率(2周/40℃活性) |
20 | 5.9% |
55 | 6.3% |
75 | 2.5% |
100 | 1.9% |
从以上数据可以看出,增加组氨酸的用量导致按照剂量决定关系的复制冻干rF VIII药效下降。该结果提示组氨酸在使冻干状态的FVIII稳定的过程中不起作用。
实施例2
rF VIII在高糖份和低糖份制剂中的稳定性。
将重组体凝血因子VIII制成两种制剂。在40℃加速贮存条件下研究其不稳定性。
与现有技术制剂类似,所述高糖份制剂是非晶形制剂,在用水复制后,它含50mM氯化钠、2.5mM氯化钙、5mM组氨酸和10%(重量)的麦芽糖。
本发明的含低糖份制剂是包括用于稳定所述蛋白质的1%蔗糖(30mM蔗糖)非晶形成分的晶状体。在用WFI复制后,该制剂含30mM氯化钠、2.5mM氯化钙、20mM组氨酸、290mM甘氨酸和大约200IU/ml的rF VIII。在附图中将该制剂与现有技术制剂进行比较,其中可以看出,在超出规定时间情况下,本发明低糖份rF VIII制剂比现有技术的高糖份稳定产品在时间上更稳定得多。
本领域技术人员可以已知的本发明进行大量的各种修改。所以,上述实施例仅用来说明本发明,本发明范围只受到下列权利要示书的限制。
Claims (3)
1.稳定的、不含白蛋白的、冻干rFVIII制剂,当用水复制后,含
290mM甘氨酸,
20mM组氨酸,
30mM蔗糖,
30mM NaCl,
2.5mM CaCl2,和
200IU rFVIII/ml。
2.权利要求1的冻干制剂,其中残留水分为1-3重量%。
3.权利要求1的冻干制剂,其中残留水分为1重量%。
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US08/678,492 US5763401A (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1996-07-12 | Stabilized albumin-free recombinant factor VIII preparation having a low sugar content |
US678492 | 1996-07-12 |
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EP4240757A2 (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2023-09-13 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Purification of fviii from plasma using silicon oxide adsorption |
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US4440679A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1984-04-03 | Cutter Laboratories, Inc. | Pasteurized therapeutically active protein compositions |
US4847362A (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1989-07-11 | New York University | Method for purifying antihemophilic factor |
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CA1329760C (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1994-05-24 | Ted C. K. Lee | Plasma and recombinant protein formulations in high ionic strength media |
US4877608A (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1989-10-31 | Rorer Pharmaceutical Corporation | Pharmaceutical plasma protein formulations in low ionic strength media |
DE4001451A1 (de) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-08-01 | Octapharma Ag | Stabile injizierbare loesungen von faktor viii und faktor ix |
DE4111393A1 (de) * | 1991-04-09 | 1992-10-15 | Behringwerke Ag | Stabilisierte faktor viii-praeparationen |
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EP0638091B1 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 2005-12-07 | Probitas Pharma Inc. | Improved solubilization and stabilization of factor viii complex |
EP1652534A3 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 2007-05-02 | Genetics Institute, LLC | Composition comprising coagulation factor VIII formulation, process for its preparation and use of a surfactant as stabilizer |
SE9301581D0 (sv) * | 1993-05-07 | 1993-05-07 | Kabi Pharmacia Ab | Protein formulation |
SE504074C2 (sv) * | 1993-07-05 | 1996-11-04 | Pharmacia Ab | Proteinberedning för subkutan, intramuskulär eller intradermal administrering |
IL113010A0 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-31 | Pharmacia Ab | Pharmaceutical formulation comprising factor VIII or factor ix with an activity of at least 200 IU/ml and an enhancer for improved subcutaneous intramuscular or intradermal administration |
SE9501189D0 (sv) * | 1995-03-31 | 1995-03-31 | Pharmacia Ab | Protein formulation |
US5763401A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-06-09 | Bayer Corporation | Stabilized albumin-free recombinant factor VIII preparation having a low sugar content |
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