CN112931412A - Ornamental beetle breeding method - Google Patents
Ornamental beetle breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931412A CN112931412A CN201911262748.8A CN201911262748A CN112931412A CN 112931412 A CN112931412 A CN 112931412A CN 201911262748 A CN201911262748 A CN 201911262748A CN 112931412 A CN112931412 A CN 112931412A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding ornamental beetles, which comprises a breeding stage, a larval stage, a pupal stage and a hibernation stage; correspondingly adjusting the environment and food materials for maintenance according to different growth periods and individual differences; and a complete set of complete food material formula and a processing method are provided, the requirement of batch circulating breeding is met, the pet food is suitable for pet ornamental feeding, the accidental death rate is reduced, and a complete set of complete scheme is provided.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of insect breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding ornamental beetles.
Background art:
the ornamental beetles mainly comprising the Typha gigantea are deeply loved by the folk. With the improvement of living standard of people, the number of the fed people is rapidly increased. In the face of the huge market, the beetle breeding industry does not have a complete breeding system, and only breeding is carried out according to personal preference, most of the breeding methods have extremely low efficiency, and the supply and demand of the market cannot be met. Therefore, a complete ornamental beetle feeding system is very important, and the complete ornamental beetle feeding system is also the object of the research of the invention.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an ornamental beetle breeding method which adopts different breeding means according to different growth stages of the beetles.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for breeding ornamental beetles comprises a breeding stage, a larval stage, a pupal stage and a hibernation stage, and is characterized in that: the curing steps are as follows in different growth periods:
and (3) a propagation period:
mating, pairing mature adult beetles after eating for one week, putting male beetles and female beetles into the same container, naturally mating, and controlling mating time within a range of 1 minute to 3 hours, wherein the male beetles and the female beetles are successfully mated by entering male beetle genitals into female beetles; after mating is finished, the male worms and the female worms need to be separated immediately after the male worm genitals are withdrawn, so that the male worms are prevented from attacking the female worms; or, the big jaw and the cephalothorax corner of the male bugs are tightened by using a binding belt;
secondly, putting into production, namely directly putting into production after mating of the female worms is finished, and transferring the female worms into a delivery room for later delivery; the delivery room adopts a plastic sorting box, the size of the plastic sorting box is determined by the length of the parent worms, and the length, the width and the height of the plastic sorting box are respectively not less than 10 times, 5 times and 5 times of the length of the parent worms; the delivery rooms are arranged with the purpose of ornamental, fermented sawdust with the water content of 30 percent is filled in the finishing box, and the finishing box is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer with different compactness; the bottom layer needs to be compacted, and the height is 2/5 of the sorting box; the upper layer only needs to slightly compact the fermented wood chips, and the height is also 2/5; then bark which can be climbed is put in the container to prevent the mother worms from suddenly dying after turning over, beetle jelly is put in the container to provide food for the mother worms, and the beetle jelly is replaced once in three days;
thirdly, mating is repeated, the female worms are put into production for 30 days, and when the female worms are fed intermittently in the spawning period, the female worms are taken out from the old delivery room and mated with male worms once;
fourthly, repeatedly putting in production, replacing a new production room, putting the female beetles subjected to repeated mating into the new production room, and maintaining for 3 days to replace the beetle jelly once; repeating the third step and the fourth step for a plurality of times until the female worms die;
fifthly, hatching: larvae of ova hatched in the fermented sawdust or the spawning wood are independently put into a pudding box of 100ml to 500ml, and the fermented sawdust with the water content of 30 percent is added for eating;
the temperature needs to be controlled within the range of 5 +/-3 ℃ in the whole breeding process;
and (3) larval stage:
the first instar larva before first molting is placed in a 100ml-500ml pudding box for breeding; feeding the second-instar larva within one month after the first molting in a pudding box of 500 ml; if the first instar larva is raised in a 500ml pudding box, the step can be skipped; the third instar larva, the larva molting for the second time is the third instar larva, the larva is large in size, the larva is raised in three containers with different volumes according to the weight, and the larva with the weight less than 10 g is raised in a container with the volume of 1L; 10-100 g of larvae, using a 5 l container to feed; breeding 100 g of larvae in 10L container; the bottom 4/5 of the food material in the feeding box is compacted, and the top 1/5 is soft and is suitable for the larva to enter; larval-stage food materials are replaced according to the food material retention period; the temperature of the environment in the larval stage is controlled within the range of 22-28 ℃;
pupal stage and hibernating stage:
when the third-instar larva changes the food material, the food material is compacted until the container is reversely buckled and cannot fall off; the put larvae can make a cavity in the compacted food material to be used as a pupa chamber, and the larvae enter a pupa-before state; making an artificial pupa chamber, digging out the larvae in the pupa stage from the breeding container, transferring the larvae into the artificial pupa chamber, and observing the pupation process of the larvae in real time; after pupation, the adult pupa still stays in a pupa chamber until the organs in the adult pupa completely develop, and begins to crawl in the pupa chamber, at the moment, feeding can be carried out, and the adult pupa enters the breeding cycle and repeats;
the temperature of the whole process of the pupal stage and the hibernating stage is controlled within the range of 25 +/-3 ℃;
the artificial pupa chamber is made by using floral foam material, making densely arranged vertical or horizontal pupa chambers according to the types of beetles, soaking water to keep humidity, and putting pupa into the pupa chambers.
Further, the food materials for eating by beetles comprise fermented sawdust and beetle jelly; the method for fermenting the wood chips by using EN bacteria comprises the following two fermentation methods without adding fungi:
EN bacteria fermentation method:
crushing a fresh broad-leaved tree trunk, adding tap water accounting for 30% of the total volume of the wood chips after crushing, piling up wood chips with the height of more than 1 m, and standing for one month in the sun;
standing the sawdust for one month, moving the sawdust into a room, adjusting the humidity of the sawdust again, holding the sawdust tightly with a hand to prevent water from flowing out, and loosening the sawdust to form a ball; the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500 parts of sawdust, 2.5 parts of brown sugar and 25 parts of wheat bran, and uniformly mixing; adding 1 part of EN bacterial liquid prepared from EN bacterial dry powder, uniformly mixing, piling into a wood chip pile with the height of 1 meter, and fermenting;
thirdly, from the second day of fermentation, mixing and turning the inner sawdust and the outer sawdust every day, checking the humidity of the sawdust, and properly spraying water if the sawdust is too dry to be held into a ball; the fermentation can be completed in one month in summer and one half month in winter;
and fourthly, drying the fermented sawdust after fermentation is finished until the water content is lower than 5%, preventing secondary fermentation of the sawdust and storing the sawdust, and packaging the sawdust to obtain a fermented sawdust finished product.
Fermentation method without adding fungi:
firstly, crushing a fresh broad-leaved tree trunk, adding tap water accounting for 30% of the total volume of the wood chips after crushing, piling up wood chips with the height of more than 1 m, and placing the wood chips in the sun for one month;
secondly, moving the sawdust placed for one month into a room, adjusting the humidity of the sawdust, holding the sawdust tightly by a hand to prevent water from flowing out, and loosening the sawdust into a ball; adding wood pieces of the growing coriolus versicolor extracted from the field, wherein the weight ratio of the wood pieces to the coriolus versicolor wood pieces is 1000: 1, uniformly mixing; the wood chips are covered by the plastic film, so that ventilation and turning are not needed, and fermentation can be completed in half a year;
thirdly, airing the wood chips after fermentation is finished until the water content is below 5 percent, preventing secondary fermentation of the wood chips and storing the wood chips, and packaging the wood chips to obtain a fermented wood chip finished product;
preparing beetle jelly: the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of purified water, 2 parts of agar powder, 33 parts of brown sugar and 5 parts of peptone, and the components are mixed and stirred uniformly and then are subjected to aseptic subpackage and sealing by using a jelly sealing machine to obtain the agar gel.
Further, cultured beetles refer to the following three classes: pockmarks, spade beetles, and striped scarabs.
Furthermore, spawning wood is transversely buried in the fermented wood chips on the upper layer of the spade beetle producing room, and the spawning wood directly utilizes the rest wood sections for growing the mushrooms.
Further, a layer of fallen leaves with the thickness of 10mm is padded between the upper layer fermentation wood chips and the barks of the female chafer, and the fallen leaves are dried and then sprayed with water to keep moist.
Further, the replacement period of the food materials used in the larval stage is once every two months in the food material retention period.
Further, the preparation of the beetle larva spade fermented wood dust also comprises an aseptic rapid fermentation method which is the same as the preparation of a fungus-coated fungus bottle by mushroom farmers, coriolus versicolor is directly inoculated into the sterilized mushroom bag until the fungus-coated fungus bottle is filled with the coriolus versicolor hyphae, and the coriolus versicolor can be stored at the low temperature of 15 ℃ for 6 months and stored at the normal temperature for 2 months; the feeding method comprises directly placing larva into fungus bottle and fungus bag, and replacing when the feeding time exceeds half or two months.
Furthermore, the scarab larvae are required to be mixed with 30% sandy soil in the fermented sawdust food material to increase the food material adhesion performance.
According to the breeding and growth characteristics of the beetles, the artificial simulation living environment provides necessary food materials, the requirements of batch circulating breeding are met, the pet breeding method is suitable for pet ornamental breeding, the accidental death rate is reduced, and a complete set of complete scheme is provided.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
an ornamental beetle is: pockmarks, spade beetles, and striped scarabs. The culture method comprises the following steps: breeding period, larval period, pupal period and hibernation period, different growth periods, and maintenance steps are as follows:
and (3) a propagation period:
mating, pairing mature adult beetles after eating for one week, putting male beetles and female beetles into the same container, naturally mating, and controlling mating time within a range of 1 minute to 3 hours, wherein the male beetles and the female beetles are successfully mated by entering male beetle genitals into female beetles; after mating is finished, the male worms and the female worms need to be separated immediately after the male worm genitals are withdrawn, so that the male worms are prevented from attacking the female worms; or, the big jaw and the cephalothorax corner of the male bugs are tightened by using a binding belt;
secondly, putting into production, namely directly putting into production after mating of the female worms is finished, and transferring the female worms into a delivery room for later delivery; the delivery room adopts a plastic sorting box, the size of the plastic sorting box is determined by the length of the parent worms, and the length, the width and the height of the plastic sorting box are respectively not less than 10 times, 5 times and 5 times of the length of the parent worms; the delivery rooms are arranged with the purpose of ornamental, fermented sawdust with the water content of 30 percent is filled in the finishing box, and the finishing box is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer with different compactness; the bottom layer needs to be compacted, and the height is 2/5 of the sorting box; the upper layer only needs to slightly compact the fermented wood chips, and the height is also 2/5; then bark which can be climbed is put in the container to prevent the mother worms from suddenly dying after turning over, beetle jelly is put in the container to provide food for the mother worms, and the beetle jelly is replaced once in three days;
thirdly, mating is repeated, the female worms are put into production for 30 days, and when the female worms are fed intermittently in the spawning period, the female worms are taken out from the old delivery room and mated with male worms once;
fourthly, repeatedly putting in production, replacing a new production room, putting the female beetles subjected to repeated mating into the new production room, and maintaining for 3 days to replace the beetle jelly once; repeating the third step and the fourth step for a plurality of times until the female worms die;
fifthly, hatching: larvae of ova hatched in the fermented sawdust or the spawning wood are independently put into a pudding box of 100ml to 500ml, and the fermented sawdust with the water content of 30 percent is added for eating;
the method is characterized in that the armyworm and the golden tortoise are placed in an old delivery room for one month and then poured out, eggs are hatched at the moment, the hatched larvae are directly and independently placed into a 100ml pudding box, and fermented wood chips or humus with the water content of 30% are added for eating.
Spade class A is because spade beetle mother worm special spawning habit, and the larva is in the wood of laying eggs, need wait for this moment that the larva hatches and grows up and drill out the back again from the wood of laying eggs in the back and dig the delivery room. Generally, after about three months of spawning, the delivery room is inverted, the larvae are taken out, the larvae are independently put into a 500ml pudding box, and fermented wood chips with the water content of 30 percent are added for eating.
The temperature is controlled within the range of 25 +/-3 ℃ in the whole breeding process, adults are inactive at too low temperature, the yield is reduced, and eggs cannot hatch due to too high temperature.
In the step, the delivery rooms are slightly different in design according to different beetle species, spawning woods are transversely buried in the upper layer fermented wood chips of the beetle type spade delivery rooms, and the slightly compacted wood chips are transversely buried in the wood chips to expose the surfaces of the spawning woods; then bark which can be climbed is put in the container to prevent the mother insects from turning over and dying suddenly. The spawning wood directly utilizes the remaining wood sections of the growing shiitake mushrooms.
A layer of fallen leaves with the thickness of 10mm is padded between the upper layer fermentation sawdust and the bark of the female chafer, and then the bark which can be climbed is put in the room to prevent the female chafer from turning over and sudden death; after the fallen leaves are dried, water is sprayed to keep moist.
And (3) larval stage:
the first instar larva before first molting is placed in a 100ml-500ml pudding box for breeding; at the moment, the larva individuals are very small, a large container is not needed, and the larva individuals can be fed by a 100ml pudding box, so that the space is saved.
Feeding the second-instar larva within one month after the first molting in a pudding box of 500 ml; if the first instar larva is raised in a 500ml pudding box, the step can be skipped; because of the special habit of the beetle class spades, the larvae produced are mainly the second-instar larvae, so the management of the beetle larvae can skip the first-instar stage.
The third instar larva, the larva molting for the second time is the third instar larva, the duration time of different varieties is different from 2 months to 3 years, the larva individual at the stage is large, the larva is fed in three containers with different volumes according to the weight, and the larva with the weight of less than 10 g is fed in a container with the volume of 1L; 10-100 g of larvae, using a 5 l container to feed; breeding 100 g of larvae in 10L container; the bottom 4/5 of the food material in the feeding box is compacted, and the top 1/5 is placed softly and is suitable for the larvae to enter; larval-stage food materials are replaced according to the food material retention period; the temperature of the environment in the larval stage is controlled within the range of 22-28 ℃, and too high or too low can cause slow growth and even death.
Pupal stage and hibernating stage:
after the third-instar larvae are completely developed, a place is searched for making a pupa chamber, and generally, one week is needed for making the pupa chamber; therefore, when the third-instar larva changes the food material, the food material is compacted until the container is reversely buckled and cannot fall off; the put larvae can make a cavity in the compacted food material to be used as a pupa chamber, and the larvae enter a pupa-before state; aiming at the larvae of the golden tortoise, 30% of sandy soil needs to be mixed in the fermented sawdust food material to increase the binding performance of the food material.
Making artificial pupa chamber, using flower mud material, making densely arranged vertical or horizontal pupa chamber according to beetle species, soaking water to keep humidity, and placing pupa. More specifically: the pupa chambers of the small and medium-sized armyworms all adopt a vertical structure, and the pupa chambers of the large-sized armyworms all lie horizontally; the spade beetle and the chafer are mainly laid horizontally, the chafer has the habit of making soil cocoons, sudden death is easy to occur when the chafer is broken, and the general chafer can not be made into an artificial pupa chamber. The purpose of making the artificial pupa chamber is to observe the pupation process of the larvae, which is also one of the ornamental feeding purposes.
Digging out the larva in the pupa preputial stage from the feeding container, transferring the larva to an artificial pupa chamber, and observing the pupation process of the larva in real time; after pupation, the adult pupa still stays in a pupa chamber until the organs in the adult pupa completely develop, and begins to crawl in the pupa chamber, at the moment, feeding can be carried out, and the adult pupa enters the breeding cycle and repeats;
the whole process temperature of pupal stage and hibernating stage is controlled within 25 degrees +/-3 degrees.
Preparing beetle food materials:
food materials for beetles, including fermented wood flour and beetle jelly; the method for fermenting the wood chips by using EN bacteria comprises the following two fermentation methods without adding fungi:
EN bacteria fermentation method:
EM is an abbreviation taken from "Effective Microorganisms" of the microbiological technology invented by professor Boehringer, university of Thiobacillus Japan. It can make 10 kinds of 80 beneficial organisms in seven kinds of microorganisms of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, acetic acid bacteria, bifidobacterium and actinomycetes coexist and prosper.
Crushing a fresh broad-leaved tree trunk, adding tap water accounting for 30% of the total volume of the wood chips after crushing, piling the wood chips into wood chip piles with the height of more than 1 m, and standing the wood chip piles in the sun for one month, wherein the step is used for degrading biotoxin, and the fresh tree trunk contains tree juice and toxic substances and needs to be subjected to light degradation under certain humidity;
secondly, moving the sawdust after standing for one month into a room, readjusting the humidity of the sawdust, and preferably holding the sawdust tightly by a hand to prevent water from flowing out and loosening the sawdust into a ball; the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500 parts of sawdust, 2.5 parts of brown sugar and 25 parts of wheat bran, and uniformly mixing; adding 1 part of EN bacterial liquid prepared from EN bacterial dry powder, uniformly mixing, piling into a wood chip pile with the height of 1 meter, and fermenting;
thirdly, starting fermentation when the temperature reaches more than 40 ℃ in the next day, wherein due to different temperatures inside and outside the wood chip stack and different fermentation degrees, the wood chips inside and outside the wood chip stack are required to be mixed and turned over every day, the humidity of the wood chips is checked in the fermentation process, and if the wood chips are too dry and cannot be held into a mass, proper water spraying is required; the fermentation can be completed in one month in summer and one half month in winter;
fourthly, the fermented sawdust after fermentation needs to be dried until the water content is lower than 5%, secondary fermentation of the sawdust is prevented, the sawdust can be stored, the weight of the sawdust is reduced, and the sawdust is convenient to store and transport; packaging to obtain the fermented sawdust finished product for different feeding periods.
The method has the advantages that the fermentation time of the fermented wood chips is short, the wood chips are relatively common, more biological metabolites exist after fermentation due to the addition of EN bacteria for fermentation, and the EN bacteria can eat cellulose in the wood chips, leave more lignin and have certain influence on the feeding of beetles.
Fermentation method without adding fungi:
firstly, crushing a fresh broad-leaved tree trunk, adding tap water accounting for 30% of the total volume of the wood chips after crushing, piling up wood chips with the height of more than 1 m, and placing the wood chips in the sun for one month to degrade toxins;
secondly, moving the sawdust placed for one month into a room, adjusting the humidity of the sawdust, holding the sawdust tightly by a hand to prevent water from flowing out, and loosening the sawdust into a ball; adding wood pieces of the growing coriolus versicolor extracted from the field, wherein the weight ratio of the wood pieces to the coriolus versicolor wood pieces is 1000: 1, uniformly mixing; the wood chips are covered by the plastic film, so that ventilation and turning are not needed, and fermentation can be completed in half a year;
third, dry after the fermentation is accomplished to moisture content below 5%, prevent the saw-dust secondary fermentation, because the fermentation process does not turn over the heap, consequently the saw-dust can have a large amount of caking circumstances to appear, needs manual crushing caking, can pack and store.
The method has the advantages that the wood chips are fermented for a long time, the agglomeration is serious after the fermentation, but the wood chips are better in quality, the used coriolus versicolor is the microorganism which is known to be strongest in lignin decomposition at present, the metabolites are few, and the influence on beetle feeding is minimum.
Preparing beetle jelly:
the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of purified water, 2 parts of agar powder, 33 parts of brown sugar and 5 parts of peptone, and the components are mixed and stirred uniformly and then are subjected to aseptic subpackage and sealing by using a jelly sealing machine to obtain the agar gel.
The food materials used in the larval stage are replaced once in two months in the food material retention period.
Further, the preparation of the wood chip food material by fermenting the beetle larvae of the spade category A and the preparation of the mushroom bag fungus bottle by the same sterile rapid fermentation method, wherein the Coriolus versicolor fungus is directly inoculated into the sterilized mushroom bag until the Coriolus versicolor fungus is filled in the fungus bag fungus bottle, and the Coriolus versicolor fungus can be stored at the low temperature of 15 ℃ for 6 months and stored at the normal temperature for 2 months; the feeding method comprises directly placing larva into fungus bottle and fungus bag, and replacing when the feeding time exceeds half or two months.
The specific preparation process includes regulating the water content of sawdust to about 30%, adding proper amount of lime for regulating pH value, and making fungus grow normally. The Coriolus versicolor is suitable for growth in an environment with pH of about 6-7, and belongs to neutral meta-acid. And after the adjustment is finished, bagging and bottling the wood chips, wherein the bag is a fungus bag after the bag is produced, and the fungus bottle is obtained after the bottle is produced. And (4) performing high-temperature sterilization after packaging, performing inoculation in an aseptic operation room after sterilization and cooling, and inoculating the Coriolus versicolor. The product can be used after the strain bottle is filled with Coriolus versicolor mycelium. The fungus bottle and the fungus bag have short shelf life, can be stored for only 2 months at normal temperature, and can be stored for half a year at low temperature of 15 ℃.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding ornamental beetles comprises a breeding stage, a larval stage, a pupal stage and a hibernation stage, and is characterized in that: the curing steps are as follows in different growth periods:
and (3) a propagation period:
mating, pairing mature adult beetles after eating for one week, putting male beetles and female beetles into the same container, naturally mating, and controlling mating time within a range of 1 minute to 3 hours, wherein the male beetles and the female beetles are successfully mated by entering male beetle genitals into female beetles; after mating is finished, the male worms and the female worms need to be separated immediately after the male worm genitals are withdrawn, so that the male worms are prevented from attacking the female worms; or, the big jaw and the cephalothorax corner of the male bugs are tightened by using a binding belt;
secondly, putting into production, namely directly putting into production after mating of the female worms is finished, and transferring the female worms into a delivery room for later delivery; the delivery room adopts a plastic sorting box, the size of the plastic sorting box is determined by the length of the parent worms, and the length, the width and the height of the plastic sorting box are respectively not less than 10 times, 5 times and 5 times of the length of the parent worms; the delivery rooms are arranged with the purpose of ornamental, fermented sawdust with the water content of 30 percent is filled in the finishing box, and the finishing box is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer with different compactness; the bottom layer needs to be compacted, and the height is 2/5 of the sorting box; the upper layer only needs to slightly compact the fermented wood chips, and the height is also 2/5; then bark which can be climbed is put in the container to prevent the mother worms from suddenly dying after turning over, beetle jelly is put in the container to provide food for the mother worms, and the beetle jelly is replaced once in three days;
thirdly, mating is repeated, the female worms are put into production for 30 days, and when the female worms are fed intermittently in the spawning period, the female worms are taken out from the old delivery room and mated with male worms once;
fourthly, repeatedly putting in production, replacing a new production room, putting the female beetles subjected to repeated mating into the new production room, and maintaining for 3 days to replace the beetle jelly once; repeating the third step and the fourth step for a plurality of times until the female worms die;
fifthly, hatching: larvae of ova hatched in the fermented sawdust or the spawning wood are independently put into a pudding box of 100ml to 500ml, and the fermented sawdust with the water content of 30 percent is added for eating;
the temperature needs to be controlled within the range of 5 +/-3 ℃ in the whole breeding process;
and (3) larval stage:
the first instar larva before first molting is placed in a 100ml-500ml pudding box for breeding; feeding the second-instar larva within one month after the first molting in a pudding box of 500 ml; if the first instar larva is raised in a 500ml pudding box, the step can be skipped; the third instar larva, the larva molting for the second time is the third instar larva, the larva is large in size, the larva is raised in three containers with different volumes according to the weight, and the larva with the weight less than 10 g is raised in a container with the volume of 1L; 10-100 g of larvae, using a 5 l container to feed; breeding 100 g of larvae in 10L container; the bottom 4/5 of the food material in the feeding box is compacted, and the top 1/5 is soft and is suitable for the larva to enter; larval-stage food materials are replaced according to the food material retention period; the temperature of the environment in the larval stage is controlled within the range of 22-28 ℃;
pupal stage and hibernating stage:
when the third-instar larva changes the food material, the food material is compacted until the container is reversely buckled and cannot fall off; the put larvae can make a cavity in the compacted food material to be used as a pupa chamber, and the larvae enter a pupa-before state; making an artificial pupa chamber, digging out the larvae in the pupa stage from the breeding container, transferring the larvae into the artificial pupa chamber, and observing the pupation process of the larvae in real time; after pupation, the adult pupa still stays in a pupa chamber until the organs in the adult pupa completely develop, and begins to crawl in the pupa chamber, at the moment, feeding can be carried out, and the adult pupa enters the breeding cycle and repeats;
the temperature of the whole process of the pupal stage and the hibernating stage is controlled within the range of 25 +/-3 ℃;
the artificial pupa chamber is made by using floral foam material, making densely arranged vertical or horizontal pupa chambers according to the types of beetles, soaking water to keep humidity, and putting pupa into the pupa chambers.
2. The method for breeding ornamental beetles according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: food materials for beetles, including fermented wood flour and beetle jelly; the method for fermenting the wood chips by using EN bacteria comprises the following two fermentation methods without adding fungi:
EN bacteria fermentation method:
firstly, crushing a fresh broad-leaved tree trunk, adding tap water accounting for 30% of the total volume of the wood chips after crushing, piling up wood chips with the height of more than 1 m, and standing for one month in the sun;
secondly, moving the sawdust after standing for one month into a room, readjusting the humidity of the sawdust, and preferably holding the sawdust tightly by a hand to prevent water from flowing out and loosening the sawdust into a ball; the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500 parts of sawdust, 2.5 parts of brown sugar and 25 parts of wheat bran, and uniformly mixing; adding 1 part of EN bacterial liquid prepared from EN bacterial dry powder, uniformly mixing, piling into a wood chip pile with the height of 1 meter, and fermenting;
thirdly, from the second day of fermentation, mixing and turning the inner sawdust and the outer sawdust every day, checking the humidity of the sawdust, and properly spraying water if the sawdust is too dry to be held into a ball; the fermentation can be completed in one month in summer and one half month in winter;
and fourthly, drying the fermented sawdust after fermentation is finished until the water content is lower than 5%, preventing secondary fermentation of the sawdust and storing the sawdust, and packaging the sawdust to obtain a fermented sawdust finished product.
Fermentation method without adding fungi:
firstly, crushing a fresh broad-leaved tree trunk, adding tap water accounting for 30% of the total volume of the wood chips after crushing, piling up wood chips with the height of more than 1 m, and placing the wood chips in the sun for one month;
secondly, moving the sawdust placed for one month into a room, adjusting the humidity of the sawdust, holding the sawdust tightly by a hand to prevent water from flowing out, and loosening the sawdust into a ball; adding wood pieces of the growing coriolus versicolor extracted from the field, wherein the weight ratio of the wood pieces to the coriolus versicolor wood pieces is 1000: 1, uniformly mixing; the wood chips are covered by the plastic film, so that ventilation and turning are not needed, and fermentation can be completed in half a year;
thirdly, airing the wood chips after fermentation is finished until the water content is below 5 percent, preventing secondary fermentation of the wood chips and storing the wood chips, and packaging the wood chips to obtain a fermented wood chip finished product;
preparing beetle jelly: the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of purified water, 2 parts of agar powder, 33 parts of brown sugar and 5 parts of peptone, and the components are mixed and stirred uniformly and then are subjected to aseptic subpackage and sealing by using a jelly sealing machine to obtain the agar gel.
3. The method for breeding ornamental beetles according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: cultured beetles refer to the following three classes: pockmarks, spade beetles, and striped scarabs.
4. An ornamental beetle culture method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) transversely burying spawning wood in the fermented wood chips on the upper layer of the spade beetle producing room, wherein the spawning wood directly utilizes the rest wood sections for growing the mushrooms.
5. An ornamental beetle culture method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a layer of fallen leaves with the thickness of 10mm is arranged between the upper layer fermentation wood chips and the barks of the female scarab breeding house, and the fallen leaves are dried and then sprayed with water to keep moist.
6. The method for breeding ornamental beetles according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the replacement period of the food materials used in the larval stage is once every two months in the food material retention period.
7. A method of growing ornamental beetles according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: preparing spade beetle larva fermented sawdust, and performing aseptic rapid fermentation method the same as that for preparing fungus-coated fungus bottles by mushroom farmers, directly inoculating Coriolus versicolor fungus into sterilized mushroom bags until the fungus-coated fungus bottles are filled with Coriolus versicolor hyphae, storing at 15 ℃ for 6 months, and storing at normal temperature for 2 months; the feeding method comprises directly placing larva into fungus bottle and fungus bag, and replacing when the feeding time exceeds half or two months.
8. An ornamental beetle culture method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the scarab larvae are prepared by adding 30% sandy soil into the fermented sawdust food material to improve the binding property of the food material.
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