CN103392501B - A kind of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time - Google Patents
A kind of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time, and planting material contains the mulberry tree wood chip of mass percent 40-80%.Use pocket type cultivation, after cultivation mycelia and mycelia are covered with, bacterium bag is inserted the room storage of low temperature, little, closed, dry, dark, the stuffy printing opacity of day and night temperature, the time of sealing up for safekeeping is within 1 year, in the period needing fruiting, being moved into by the bacterium bag sealed up for safekeeping ventilates and have in the mushroom producing room of scattered light induces fruiting, and carry out management of producing mushroom, within about 10-15 days, elegant precious mushroom can go on the market simultaneously.The present invention has selected the method for sealing bacterium bag up for safekeeping, use local Morus alba Resource Development as cultivation raw material, saved raw material problem and cost of transportation, reduced the pollution of agricultural wastes, alleviate the supply problem of fresh food bacterium, decrease equipment and the expense of the fresh mushroom of storage and dry mushroom.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungus growing technique field, more particularly relate to a kind of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time.
Background technology
Elegant precious mushroom, formal name used at school Pleurotus geesteranus, it is one of China's edible mushroom kind that growth rate is the fastest in recent years, it is a kind of edible mushroom of subtropical and tropical zones, originate in India, it is the excellent Rare edible fungus of one newly developed in recent years, elegant precious mushroom is no matter in edible or cultivation, the aspects such as output all have more advantage than the flat mushroom of cultivation usually and mycelia vitality is extremely vigorous, there is very strong growing ability, can at ramulus mori, straw, straw, banana stalks, cotton seed hulls, cornstalk, peanut stalk, corncob, a lot of agricultural wastes such as peanut shell grow, easily carry out artificial cultivation, it is the excellent edible mushroom of a kind of high yield.Elegant precious mushroom is nutritious, delicious flavour, and quality is delicate, protein content than other edible mushrooms and vegetables higher, and contain the threonine, lysine, leucine etc. that lack in needed by human and food.Visible, elegant precious mushroom is the food of a kind of high protein, low fat, tasty, unique flavor.Although although the cultivation of elegant precious mushroom is widelyd popularize in many areas; but due to the minimizing of edible fungus culturing raw material and the expansion of large-scale production; the raw materials requirement amounts such as wood chip, straw, cotton seed hulls are large; particularly the cost of material such as cotton seed hulls rises steadily; other planting material sources of goods are nervous; particularly south China area does not have the agricultural byproducts such as cotton seed hulls; therefore in cultivation production process, how production cost is reduced; need to grope the culturing raw material improveing elegant precious mushroom, to reach the object of further stable high yield, oil recovery enhancement.
China is the cradle of world's Silk Industry, and farming and sericulture from ancient times develops simultaneously, and be the country maximum with mulberry cultivation area of breeding silkworms in the world, current national mulberry field area has reached more than 80 ten thousand hectares of (hm
2), spread all over 20 Duo Ge provinces, cities and autonomous regions on the south China North China and northwest.It is estimated that, produce 1 ton of silk cocoon, output 3.3 tons of silkworm excrements, 0.67 ton of silkworm chrysalis, 16 tons of ramulus moris.Mulberry tree except picking leaves is bred silkworms, its, root, fruit and mulberry leaf all have very high medical value and other Development volue.Especially ramulus mori output is higher, and on average ramulus mori 1.2-1.5 ton is produced in every mu of mulberry field of growing into forest per year, and the whole nation is produced ramulus mori total amount per year and reached 2,000 ten thousand tons, and be accessory substance resource the abundantest in Sericultural production process, the cultivation matrix for edible mushroom provides abundant raw material sources.
For a long time, the cultivation method of elegant precious mushroom, mainly continues to use the current techique of Wood produced edible fungus cultivation, comprises bacterial classification preparation, cultivation packs work, fills a prescription and stirring, sterilizing, inoculation and package etc.Propose in " edible fungus culturing " edited by Yi Huang that Higher Education Publishing House publishes for 2008, the technical measures of the elegant precious mushroom of grog cultivation, and extensive use in production.Chinese Patent Application No. is that 201210596551.X discloses a kind of elegant precious mushroom whole year production technology, the 1-6 month fraction of the year of per, the 6-9 month, three production cycles of the 9-12 month, and utilizes spray cooling solid.Up to the present, there is not yet the cultivation method directly cultivating bacteria bag being regulated and controled to the elegant precious mushroom fruiting time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide one and utilizes agricultural wastes to produce elegant precious mushroom, and the cultivation method of fruiting is regulated and controled at any time according to the market demand, it is short that object is to provide a kind of growth cycle, with low cost, technology is simple, for the show precious mushroom regulation and control fruiting culture technique that middle-size and small-size Xiu Zhen mushroom manufacturing enterprise or individual use.
The cultivation method of regulation and control of the present invention elegant precious mushroom fruiting time, the cultivating facility used mainly refers to that the cocoonery etc. used in general bolts, plastic tunnel, greenhouse by solar heat, special mushroom room, underground type or semi-underground type plastic tunnel, shed, silkworm and mulberry cultivation has the concrete place building facility.Planting material main material is mulberry tree branch, is mainly the residual branch after mulberry tree intermediate cutting, the mixture of the wood chip after pulverizing and bark bits.Planting material contains the mulberry tree wood chip of mass percent 40-80%, the cotton seed hulls of 0-40%, the straw bits of 0-10%, the corncob of 0-40% or bagasse, 0-25% ramulus mori fragment, the wheat bran of 15-25% or rice bran, 0-3% corn flour, the land plaster of 1%, the pulverized limestone of 1%, the white sugar of 1%, the superphosphate etc. of 1%.
Because the precious mushroom of show belongs to wide warm type, mycelial growth temperature is at 2-35 DEG C, and sporophore growth temperature is at 5-30 DEG C, and therefore, it is good that bacterial classification is selected to promote mainly kind with locality.Under the condition of daily mean temperature more than 2 DEG C, bacterial classification preparation time and the sowing time random time within the anniversary, after mycelia covers with bacterium bag, random time fruiting.
The ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation of the present invention and the method for regulation and control fruiting time, comprise the following steps:
(1) original seed preparation: adopt conventional method to plant one-level mother and preserve and breeding, use conventional method breed secondary kind original seed and expand, the bacterium bottle selecting growing way excellent after cultivating is seed.
(2) ramulus mori is pulverized: use branch smashing machine, hammer type crushing again of first cutting into slices, thus obtains the less wood chip of fineness, dry storage after pulverizing.
(3) ramulus mori cuts off: use hay cutter cutting ramulus mori to become the fragment of 1-5cm.
(4) pack: according to show precious mushroom grown cultures based formulas, weigh, mixing, add the water of weight of material 1.3 times, spice, moisture content is about 60%, and after spice, water suction balances and about packs after half an hour, polypropylene plastics pocket is selected in pack, and size is 17cm × 38cm × 0.05cm or 20cm × 45cm × 0.05cm.
(5) disinfection inoculation: by cultivation bag, through high-temperature heat sterilization, access original seed bacterial classification after cooling.
(6) bacterium bag is cultivated: after cultivation bag inoculation, move into culturing room, bacterium bag is put three or five layers and is advisable, culture environment requires clean, drying, shading, well-ventilated, culturing room sterilizes once before using, postvaccinal bacterium environmental temperature > 2 DEG C is best more than 10 DEG C, and stuffy in 3-5 days.After postvaccinal 5-7 days, frequent ventilation is to ensure oxygen supply.Utilize natural environment temperature growth mycelia, environmental temperature sends out bacterium within the scope of 20-30 DEG C, can cover with bacterium bag in 20-30 days.Natural environment temperature is then cultivated lower than 20 DEG C can cover with bacterium bag in 1-3 month.
(7) bacterium bag storage: after mycelia covers with bacterium bag, by bacterium bag tying or do not open bag, be transferred to low temperature, cool place, close, drying, room that dark, stuffy printing opacity, day and night temperature are little store, after bacterium bag is sealed up, make regular check on pollution condition, the bacterium bag as found that there is pollution is removed at once.The time of sealing up for safekeeping is within 1 year.
(8) fruiting is regulated and controled: in the period needing fruiting, the bacterium bag sealed up for safekeeping is moved into more than 2 DEG C, ventilate, have in the mushroom producing room of scattered light, bacterium bag is placed on discharge frame, stacking traverse, wall-is stacking, open or cut bacterium bag one end or both sides, or the road junction of 5 cm is marked at the top symmetry blade of two ends sack, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more easily induces former base to be formed more greatly, has ± the temperature match curing conditions of 5 DEG C at least, spray water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture about 85%, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, bag opened by bacterium bag can form mushroom flower bud in about 10 days, within 3-5 days, can go on the market.So regulation and control fruiting is exactly within first about 15 days, open a bag fruiting at market demand fruiting, and carry out management of producing mushroom.
(9) manage after gathering: after gathering, cleaning residue, mushroom handle and foreign material, stop humidification, insulation bacteria about 5 days, continue to promote fruiting, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more easily induces former base to be formed more greatly, sprays water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture about 85%, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, can form mushroom flower bud again in about 10 days, produces the second tide or the 3rd tide time fresh mushroom.
The present invention has selected the Morus alba Resource Development with China's traditional characteristics as cultivation raw material, obtain raw material sources more widely, because growing of mulberry is fast, rotation is short, timber yield is high, its price is lower compared with other broadleaf tree, better than cotton seed hulls benefit, owing to make use of local resources, save cost of transportation, sericulture is combined with kind mushroom, efficiently utilize sericulture discarded object, reduce production cost, add social benefit and ecological benefits, reduce the pollution of agricultural wastes.
The present invention has selected the method for sealing bacterium bag up for safekeeping in the precious mushroom cultivation method of traditional show, according to the needs of different times, the bacterium bag sealed up for safekeeping fruiting under suitable Cultivation condition, thus obtain required edible fungus, owing to having preserved the oyster mushroom bag covering with mycelia of some, therefore, it is possible to real-time fruiting as required, such change storage raw material is storage mycelia, become storage mushroom into storing the culture technique of mycelia, the supply problem of fresh food bacterium can be solved, there is good market application foreground.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is techniqueflow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, is not limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the elegant precious mushroom method of indoor ramulus mori cultivation.
The mass percent of the culture medium prescription composition that the precious massee fruiting bodies of ramulus mori show grows is:
Formula one: 77% ramulus mori bits, 20% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster.
Formula two: 75% ramulus mori bits, 18% rice bran or wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster, 1% pulverized limestone.
Formula three: 50% ramulus mori powder, 25% ramulus mori section, 18% rice bran or wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster, 1% pulverized limestone.
Formula four: 40% ramulus mori powder, 40% cotton seed hulls, 17% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster.
Formula five: ramulus mori powder 50%, bagasse 30%, rice bran or wheat bran 17%, white sugar 1%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1%.
Formula six: ramulus mori powder 70%, rice straw powder 10%, rice bran or wheat bran 14%, corn flour 3%, sugar 1%, 1% superphosphate, gypsum 1%.
Formula seven: ramulus mori powder 40%, corncob 40%, rice bran or wheat bran 18%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.
Formula eight: ramulus mori powder 40%, soya bean stem meal 40%, rice bran or wheat bran 18%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.
Utilize above-mentioned formula, realize cultivating in facility according to following methods.
(1) raw material prepares, and according to the raw material that cultivation area possesses, select arbitrary medium in the above formula, ramulus mori powder is that major ingredient mixes with other raw materials.Wherein the rice straw powder of formula described in six is that straw cuts into fragment or the powder of 1-5cm through hay cutter, then uses limewash soaked overnight, can use.
(2) prepare burden, according to formula mixed material, add the water of material quality about 1.3 times, stir.
(3) planting material loaded in polypropylene strain bag, then burrow in Bag Material with small wood, at the bottom of hole is deep to bag, then plastic hoop on sack cover, covers supporting lid, namely obtains the cultivation bag made.Cultivation bag was through 126 DEG C of HTHP moist heat sterilizations 120 minutes, or 100 DEG C of normal-pressure sterilizations 18 hours, accessed oyster mushroom kind after cooling.
(4) cultivating facility is the Artificial facilities utilizing idle cocoonery, house, cool canopy, greenhouse etc. to have shading, ventilation, rainwater-proof.Temperature more than 2 DEG C, under about 60% humidity, lucifuge blow-by is cultivated, and treats that bacterium bag is full of mycelia, namely completes the cultivation stage.
(5) open bag to put, in Artificial facilities, to open or cultivation bag lid drawn by cutter, horizontally-arranged for cultivation bag stacking is put, several rows ofly to stack, often folded 5-8 layer, not higher than 1 meter, prevent from stacking and collapse, form wall-cultivation method like this, the spacing of every wall 1 meter, carries out management and fruiting space to reserve aisle.
(7) regulate and control fruiting, in the fresh mushroom demand time, open, scratch bacterium bag, regulation and control fruiting.
Embodiment 2: the grog elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the cultivation method of regulation and control fruiting time.
Utilize the culture medium prescription that the precious massee fruiting bodies of embodiment 1 ramulus mori show grows, realize the cultivation of regulation and control fruiting according to following methods.
(1) prepare burden, according to formula mixed material, add the water of material quality about 1.3 times, stir.
(2) planting material loaded in polypropylene bacterium bag, then burrow in Bag Material with small wood, at the bottom of hole is deep to bag, then plastic hoop on sack cover, covers supporting lid, namely obtains the cultivation bag made.Cultivation bag was through 126 DEG C of HTHP moist heat sterilizations 120 minutes, or 100 DEG C of normal-pressure sterilizations 18 hours, accessed bacterial classification after cooling.
(3) cultivating facility is the Artificial facilities utilizing idle house, cool canopy, greenhouse etc. to have shading, ventilation, rainwater-proof.Under day samming more than 2 DEG C conditions, any period of 1 year all can cultivate, and bacterium bag lucifuge is cultivated, and treats that bacterium bag is full of mycelia, namely completes the cultivation stage.
(4) bacterium bag storage: after mycelia covers with bacterium bag, by bacterium bag tying or do not open bag, be transferred to low temperature, cool place, close, drying, room that dark, stuffy printing opacity, day and night temperature are little store, after bacterium bag is sealed up, make regular check on pollution condition, the bacterium bag as found that there is pollution is removed at once.The time of sealing up for safekeeping is within 1 year.
(5) fruiting is regulated and controled: in the period needing fruiting, the bacterium bag sealed up for safekeeping is moved in the mushroom producing room of scattered light, bacterium bag is placed on discharge frame, stacking traverse, wall-is stacking, open or cut bacterium bag one end or both sides, or the road junction of 5 cm is marked at the top symmetry blade of two ends sack, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more easily induces former base to be formed more greatly, has ± the temperature match curing conditions of 5 DEG C at least, spray water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture about 85%, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, bag opened by bacterium bag can form mushroom flower bud in about 10 days, within 3-5 days, can go on the market.So regulation and control fruiting is exactly within first about 15 days, open a bag fruiting at market demand fruiting, and carry out management of producing mushroom.
(6) manage after gathering: after gathering, cleaning residue, stops humidification, insulation bacteria about 5 days, continue to promote fruiting, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more easily induces former base to be formed more greatly, sprays water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture about 85%, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, can form mushroom flower bud again in about 10 days, produces the second tide or the 3rd tide time fresh mushroom.
Claims (1)
1. the ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time, is characterized in that comprising following technical process: first carry out pulverizing to ramulus mori and cut off; According to show precious mushroom grown cultures based formulas, weigh, mixing, add water spice, sterilizing and inoculation; After cultivation bag inoculation, move into culturing room, culture environment requires drying, shading, well-ventilated; After mycelia covers with bacterium bag, by bacterium bag tying or do not open bag, be transferred to low temperature, cool place, close, the room storage of dry, dark, stuffy printing opacity, after being sealed up by bacterium bag, the time of sealing up for safekeeping is within 1 year; In the period needing fruiting, the bacterium bag sealed up for safekeeping being moved into more than 2 DEG C has in the mushroom producing room of scattered light with ventilating, and opens, to cut or cutter draws bacterium bag one end or both sides, the condition of regulation and control day and night temperature, and carries out management of producing mushroom, and regulation and control fruiting time of about about 15 days can gather fruiting; After gathering, cleaning residue, and carry out the secondary management of producing mushroom of second and third tide; Bacterial classification is selected to promote mainly kind with locality, the production of hybrid seeds in random time in the anniversary under the temperature condition of daily mean temperature more than 2 DEG C, and inoculation, cultivation, seals up for safekeeping and regulate and control fruiting.
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| CN104521561A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Cultivation method for secondary pleurotus geesteranus fruiting |
| CN104620858A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-05-20 | 象州县科学技术局 | Method for planting pleurotus geesteranus by utilizing mulberry twigs |
| CN105532264A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-04 | 玉林市微生物研究所 | Out-of-season efficient pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method |
| CN106116716A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 广西南宁北部湾现代农业有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing Mulberry bar and bagasse to produce Pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN106034743A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-26 | 广西南宁北部湾现代农业有限公司 | Method for producing Pleurotus geesteranus by using mulberry stems, sugarcane bagasse and silkworm excrement |
| CN107155637A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | The bacterium germination method of elegant precious mushroom |
| CN107698317A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-16 | 贵州省印江县印兰生态菌业有限公司 | A kind of mushroom culture medium for improving lentinan content and preparation method thereof |
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