CN103392501A - Method for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation through mulberry branches and fruiting time adjustment - Google Patents
Method for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation through mulberry branches and fruiting time adjustment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation through mulberry branches and fruiting time adjustment. Cultivation materials comprise, by mass, 40% to 80% of mulberry wood chips. Bag type cultivation is adopted, after hyphae is cultivated and the hyphae are fully grown, a hypha bag is placed in a room to store, wherein the room is low in temperature, small in day and night temperature difference, sealed, dry, dark, non-ventilated and not pervious to light and the sealing storage time is within one year; when fruiting of the pleurotus geesteranus is needed, the hypha bag stored in a sealed mode is moved to a pleurotus geesteranus growing room which is ventilated and provided with scattered light so that the growth of the pleurotus geesteranus can be induced, fruiting management is conducted at the same time, and the pleurotus geesteranus can be on the market after about 10 days to 15 days. The method that the hypha bag is stored in the sealed mode is adopted, local mulberry resources serve as the cultivation raw materials, so that the raw materials and transportation cost are saved, the pollution of agricultural wastes is reduced, the supply pressure of fresh edible mushroom is relieved, and devices and cost for fresh and dry pleurotus geesteranus storage are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fungus growing technique field, more particularly relate to a kind of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time.
Background technology
elegant precious mushroom, formal name used at school Pleurotus geesteranus, it is one of the fastest edible mushroom kind of China recent years growth rate, it is a kind of edible mushroom of subtropical and tropical zones, originate in India, it is a kind of good rare edible mushroom newly developed in recent years, elegant precious mushroom is no matter aspect edible or cultivation, the aspects such as output all than the flat mushroom of common cultivation have more advantage and the mycelia vitality extremely vigorous, has very strong growing ability, can be at ramulus mori, straw, straw, banana stalks, cotton seed hulls, cornstalk, the peanut stalk, corncob, on a lot of agricultural wastes such as peanut shell, grow, easily carry out artificial cultivation, it is the good edible mushroom of a kind of high yield.Elegant precious mushroom is nutritious, delicious flavour, and the quality delicacy, protein content is higher than other edible mushrooms and vegetables, and contains the threonine that lacks in needed by human and food, lysine, leucine etc.Visible, elegant precious mushroom is the food of a kind of high protein, low fat, tasty, unique flavor.Although although the cultivation of elegant precious mushroom is widelyd popularize in many areas; but due to the minimizing of edible fungus culturing raw material and the expansion of large-scale production; the raw materials requirement amounts such as wood chip, straw, cotton seed hulls are large; particularly the cost of material such as cotton seed hulls rises steadily; other planting material source of goods anxieties; particularly the south China area does not have the agricultural byproducts such as cotton seed hulls; therefore in the cultivation production process, how to reduce production costs; need to grope to improve the culturing raw material of elegant precious mushroom, reaching further stable high yield, improve the purpose of quality.
China is the cradle of world's Silk Industry, and farming and sericulture from ancient times develops simultaneously, and is to breed silkworms in the world and the country of mulberry cultivation area maximum, and present national mulberry field area has reached more than 80 ten thousand hectares of (hm
2), spread all over China North China and more than 20 provinces, cities and autonomous regions on the south northwest.It is estimated that, produce 1 ton of silk cocoon, 3.3 tons of silkworm excrements of output, 0.67 ton of silkworm chrysalis, 16 tons of ramulus moris.Mulberry tree except picking leaves is bred silkworms, its, root, fruit and mulberry leaf all have very high medical value and other exploitations are worth.Especially ramulus mori output is higher, and ramulus mori 1.2-1.5 ton is produced in the average every mu of mulberry field of growing into forest per year, and the whole nation is produced the ramulus mori total amount per year and reached 2,000 ten thousand tons, is accessory substance resource the abundantest in the silkworm and mulberry production process, for the cultivation matrix of edible mushroom provides abundant raw material sources.
For a long time, the cultivation method of elegant precious mushroom, be mainly the current techique of continuing to use Wood produced edible fungus cultivation, comprises that bacterial classification preparation, cultivation pack work, formula and stirring, sterilizing, inoculation and package etc." edible fungus culturing " by the Yi Huang chief editor middle proposition that Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008, the technical measures of the elegant precious mushroom of grog cultivation, and extensive use on producing.Chinese patent application is number for 201210596551.X has announced a kind of show precious mushroom anniversary production technology, the 1-6 month fraction of the year of per, and the 6-9 month, three production cycles of the 9-12 month, and utilize spray cooling solid.Up to the present, there is not yet the cultivation method that directly regulates and controls the elegant precious mushroom fruiting time to cultivating bacteria bag.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of agricultural wastes that utilize and produces elegant precious mushroom, and according to the market demand, regulate and control at any time the cultivation method of fruiting, purpose is to provide a kind of growth cycle short, with low cost, technology is simple, for the precious mushroom regulation and control of the show fruiting culture technique of middle-size and small-size show precious mushroom manufacturing enterprise or individual's use.
The cultivation method of elegant precious mushroom fruiting time of regulation and control of the present invention, the cultivating facility that uses refer to that mainly the cocoonery of using in common house owed by a citizen, plastic tunnel, greenhouse by solar heat, special-purpose mushroom room, underground type or semi-underground type plastic tunnel, shed, silkworm and mulberry cultivation etc. has the place of concrete construction facility.The planting material main material is the mulberry tree branch, is mainly the residual branch after the mulberry tree intermediate cutting, the mixture of the wood chip after pulverizing and bark bits.Planting material contains the mulberry tree wood chip of mass percent 40-80%, the cotton seed hulls of 0-40%, the straw bits of 0-10%, the corncob of 0-40% or bagasse, 0-25% ramulus mori fragment, the wheat bran of 15-25% or rice bran, 0-3% corn flour, 1% land plaster, 1% pulverized limestone, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate etc.
Because the precious mushroom of show belongs to wide warm type, mycelial growth temperature is at 2-35 ℃, and the sporophore growth temperature is at 5-30 ℃, and therefore, bacterial classification is selected take locality, to promote mainly kind as good.Under the condition of daily mean temperature more than 2 ℃, bacterial classification preparation time and the sowing time random time within the anniversary, after mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag, the random time fruiting.
The ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation of the present invention and the method for regulation and control fruiting time comprise the following steps:
(1) original seed preparation: adopt conventional method to preserve and breeding female kind of one-level, use conventional method breed and enlarge secondary kind original seed, after cultivating, selecting the good bacterium bottle of growing way is seed.
(2) ramulus mori is pulverized: use branch smashing machine, and the hammer type crushing again of first cutting into slices, thus obtain the less wood chip of fineness, dry storage after pulverizing.
(3) ramulus mori cuts off: use hay cutter cutting ramulus mori to become the fragment of 1-5cm.
(4) pack: according to the precious mushroom grown cultures of show based formulas, weigh, mix, the water that adds 1.3 times of weight of material, spice, moisture content is about 60%, and after spice, the water suction balance packed after about half an hour, the polypropylene plastics pocket is selected in pack, and size is 17cm * 38cm * 0.05cm or 20cm * 45cm * 0.05cm.
(5) disinfection inoculation: by cultivation bag, through high-temperature heat sterilization, cooling rear access original seed bacterial classification.
(6) the bacterium bag is cultivated: after the cultivation bag inoculation, move into culturing room, the bacterium bag is put three or five layers and is advisable, that culture environment requires is clean, drying, shading, well-ventilated, before culturing room used, sterilization once, postvaccinal collarium border temperature>2 ℃ is preferably in more than 10 ℃, and stuffy in 3-5 days.After postvaccinal 5-7 days, often ventilation is to guarantee oxygen supply.Utilize natural environment temperature growth mycelia, environmental temperature is sent out bacterium in 20-30 ℃ of scope, in 20-30 days, can cover with the bacterium bag.The natural environment temperature is cultivated and can be covered with the bacterium bag in 1-3 month lower than 20 ℃.
(7) the bacterium bag is stored: after mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag, by bacterium bag tying or do not open bag, being transferred to the room that low temperature, cool place, sealing, drying, dark, stuffy printing opacity, day and night temperature are little stores, after the bacterium bag is sealed up, make regular check on pollution condition, as the bacterium bag that finds that there is pollution is removed at once.The time of sealing up for safekeeping is in 1 year.
(8) regulation and control fruiting: in the period that needs fruiting, the bacterium bag of sealing up for safekeeping is moved into more than 2 ℃, ventilate, have in the mushroom producing room of scattered light, the bacterium bag is placed on the discharging frame, stacking traverse, the wall formula is stacking all can, open or cut bacterium bag one end or both sides, perhaps in the top of two ends sack symmetry, with blade, mark the road junction of 5 centimetres of left and right, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more greatly more easily induces former base to form, have at least ± temperature match curing conditions of 5 ℃, spray water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture 85% left and right, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, the bacterium bag is opened bag can form the mushroom flower bud in about 10 days, can go on the market in 3-5 days.So the regulation and control fruiting is exactly at the market demand fruiting first about 15 days, open a bag fruiting, and carry out management of producing mushroom.
(9) the rear management of gathering: after gathering, cleaning residue, mushroom handle and foreign material, stop humidification, and the insulation bacteria is about 5 days, continue to promote fruiting, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more greatly more easily induces former base to form, and sprays water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture 85% left and right, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, can form the mushroom flower bud again about 10 days, produces the second tide or the 3rd tide time bright mushroom.
The present invention has selected the Morus alba Resource Development with China's traditional characteristics as cultivating raw material, obtained raw material sources more widely, because growing of mulberry is fast, rotation is short, timber yield is high, its price is lower than other broadleaf tree, better than cotton seed hulls benefit, owing to having utilized local resources, saved cost of transportation, make to breed silkworms and be combined with the kind mushroom, effectively utilized the sericulture discarded object, reduce production cost, increased social benefit and ecological benefits, reduced the pollution of agricultural wastes.
The present invention has selected the method for sealing the bacterium bag up for safekeeping in the precious mushroom cultivation method of traditional show, needs according to different times, the bacterium bag of sealing up for safekeeping fruiting under suitable fruiting condition, thereby obtain needed edible fungus, due to the oyster mushroom bag that covers with mycelia of having preserved some, therefore can be as required fruiting in real time, become like this and store raw material into storing mycelia, become and store mushroom into storing the culture technique of mycelia, can solve the supply problem of fresh food bacterium, have good market application foreground.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is techniqueflow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, are not limitations of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the elegant precious mushroom method of indoor ramulus mori cultivation.
The mass percent that the culture medium prescription that the precious massee fruiting bodies of ramulus mori show grows forms is:
One: 77% ramulus mori of filling a prescription is considered to be worth doing, 20% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster.
Two: 75% ramulus moris of filling a prescription are considered to be worth doing, 18% rice bran or wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster, 1% pulverized limestone.
Three: the 50% ramulus mori powder of filling a prescription, 25% ramulus mori section, 18% rice bran or wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster, 1% pulverized limestone.
Four: the 40% ramulus mori powder of filling a prescription, 40% cotton seed hulls, 17% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate and 1% land plaster.
Formula five: ramulus mori powder 50%, bagasse 30%, rice bran or wheat bran 17%, white sugar 1%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1%.
Formula six: ramulus mori powder 70%, rice straw powder 10%, rice bran or wheat bran 14%, corn flour 3%, sugar 1%, 1% superphosphate, gypsum 1%.
Formula seven: ramulus mori powder 40%, corncob 40%, rice bran or wheat bran 18%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.
Formula eight: ramulus mori powder 40%, soya bean stem meal 40%, rice bran or wheat bran 18%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.
Utilize above-mentioned formula, according to following methods, realize cultivating in facility.
(1) raw material is prepared, and according to the raw material that the cultivation area possesses, selects arbitrary medium in the above formula, and the ramulus mori powder is that major ingredient mixes with other raw materials.The six described rice straw powders of wherein filling a prescription are that straw cuts into fragment or the powder of 1-5cm through hay cutter, then use the limewash soaked overnight, can use.
(2) batching, according to the formula mixed material, add the approximately water of 1.3 times of material quality, stirs.
(3) planting material is packed in the polypropylene strain bag, then with small wood, in Bag Material, burrow, at the bottom of hole is deep to bag, then at sack, put plastic hoop, cover supporting lid, namely obtain the cultivation bag that makes.Cultivation bag is through 126 ℃ of HTHP moist heat sterilizations 120 minutes, or 100 ℃ of normal-pressure sterilizations 18 hours, accesses after cooling the oyster mushroom kind.
(4) cultivating facility is to utilize idle cocoonery, house, cool canopy, greenhouse etc. that the Artificial facilities of shading, ventilation, rainwater-proof is arranged.In the temperature more than 2 ℃, under 60% left and right humidity, the lucifuge blow-by is cultivated, and treats that the bacterium bag is full of mycelia, namely completes the cultivation stage.
(5) opening bag puts, in Artificial facilities, open or cutter is drawn the cultivation bag lid, the cultivation bag horizontally-arranged is stacked and puts, several rows of stacking, often fold the 5-8 layer, not higher than 1 meter, prevent from stacking and collapse, form like this wall formula cultivation method, between every wall, distance is 1 meter, to reserve aisle, manages and the fruiting space.
(7) the regulation and control fruiting, in the bright mushroom demand time, open, scratch the bacterium bag, the regulation and control fruiting.
Embodiment 2: the grog elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the cultivation method of regulation and control fruiting time.
The culture medium prescription that utilizes the precious massee fruiting bodies of embodiment 1 ramulus mori show to grow, realize the cultivation of regulation and control fruiting according to following methods.
(1) batching, according to the formula mixed material, add the approximately water of 1.3 times of material quality, stirs.
(2) planting material is packed in polypropylene bacterium bag, then with small wood, in Bag Material, burrow, at the bottom of hole is deep to bag, then at sack, put plastic hoop, cover supporting lid, namely obtain the cultivation bag that makes.Cultivation bag is through 126 ℃ of HTHP moist heat sterilizations 120 minutes, or 100 ℃ of normal-pressure sterilizations 18 hours, accesses after cooling bacterial classification.
(3) cultivating facility is to utilize idle house, cool canopy, greenhouse etc. that the Artificial facilities of shading, ventilation, rainwater-proof is arranged.At day samming more than 2 ℃ under condition, any period of 1 year all can cultivate, and bacterium bag lucifuge is cultivated, and treats that the bacterium bag is full of mycelia, namely completes the cultivation stage.
(4) the bacterium bag is stored: after mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag, by bacterium bag tying or do not open bag, being transferred to the room that low temperature, cool place, sealing, drying, dark, stuffy printing opacity, day and night temperature are little stores, after the bacterium bag is sealed up, make regular check on pollution condition, as the bacterium bag that finds that there is pollution is removed at once.The time of sealing up for safekeeping is in 1 year.
(5) regulation and control fruiting: in the period that needs fruiting, the bacterium bag of sealing up for safekeeping is moved in the mushroom producing room of scattered light, the bacterium bag is placed on the discharging frame, stacking traverse, the wall formula is stacking all can, open or cut bacterium bag one end or both sides, perhaps in the top of two ends sack symmetry, with blade, mark the road junction of 5 centimetres of left and right, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more greatly more easily induces former base to form, have at least ± temperature match curing conditions of 5 ℃, spray water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture 85% left and right, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, the bacterium bag is opened bag can form the mushroom flower bud in about 10 days, can go on the market in 3-5 days.So the regulation and control fruiting is exactly at the market demand fruiting first about 15 days, open a bag fruiting, and carry out management of producing mushroom.
(6) the rear management of gathering: after gathering, the cleaning residue, stop humidification, and the insulation bacteria is about 5 days, continue to promote fruiting, under suitable temperature condition, day and night temperature more greatly more easily induces former base to form, and sprays water 2-3 time every day simultaneously, form the condition of relative moisture 85% left and right, mushroom room ventilation and penetrating light, can form the mushroom flower bud again about 10 days, produces the second tide or the 3rd tide time bright mushroom.
Claims (1)
1. a ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom of cultivation and the method for regulation and control fruiting time, is characterized in that comprising following technical process: at first ramulus mori is pulverized and cut-out; According to the precious mushroom grown cultures of show based formulas, weigh, mix, add the water spice, sterilizing and inoculation; After the cultivation bag inoculation, move into culturing room, culture environment requires drying, shading, well-ventilated; After mycelia was covered with the bacterium bag, by bacterium bag tying or do not open bag, the room that is transferred to low temperature, cool place, sealing, drying, dark, stuffy printing opacity was stored, and after the bacterium bag was sealed up, the time of sealing up for safekeeping was in 1 year; In the period that needs fruiting, the bacterium bag of sealing up for safekeeping is moved into more than 2 ℃ and ventilates to be had in the mushroom producing room of scattered light, opens, cut or cutter is drawn bacterium bag one end or both sides, the condition of regulation and control day and night temperature, and carry out management of producing mushroom, the regulation and control fruiting time of about about the 15 days fruiting of can gathering; After gathering, the cleaning residue, and carry out the inferior management of producing mushroom of second and third tide; Bacterial classification is selected to promote mainly kind with locality, the production of hybrid seeds in random time in the anniversary under the temperature condition of daily mean temperature more than 2 ℃, and inoculation, cultivation, seal up for safekeeping and regulate and control fruiting.
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| CN103733877A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-23 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Culture for high-yield pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN103739347A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-23 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Pleurotus geesteranus high-yield strain |
| CN104303833A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 铜陵市香江食用菌种植有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating Taiwan pleurotus geesteranus in north of Anhui province |
| CN104521561A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Cultivation method for secondary pleurotus geesteranus fruiting |
| CN104620858A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-05-20 | 象州县科学技术局 | Method for planting pleurotus geesteranus by utilizing mulberry twigs |
| CN105532264A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-04 | 玉林市微生物研究所 | Out-of-season efficient pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method |
| CN106034743A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-26 | 广西南宁北部湾现代农业有限公司 | Method for producing Pleurotus geesteranus by using mulberry stems, sugarcane bagasse and silkworm excrement |
| CN106116716A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 广西南宁北部湾现代农业有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing Mulberry bar and bagasse to produce Pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN107155637A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | The bacterium germination method of elegant precious mushroom |
| CN107698317A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-16 | 贵州省印江县印兰生态菌业有限公司 | A kind of mushroom culture medium for improving lentinan content and preparation method thereof |
| CN108849232A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-23 | 陈启才 | A kind of cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof of selenium enriched oyster mushroom |
| CN109845583A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-06-07 | 缙云县珍稀食用菌专业合作社 | A kind of cultivation matrix of selenium enriched oyster mushroom and the method for carrying out the cultivation of selenium enriched oyster mushroom using the cultivation matrix |
| CN112400608A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 云南省农业技术推广总站 | Method for culturing and propagating strain after inoculation by utilizing mulberry branches and propagation device |
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| CN103733877A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-23 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Culture for high-yield pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN103739347A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-23 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Pleurotus geesteranus high-yield strain |
| CN104303833A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 铜陵市香江食用菌种植有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating Taiwan pleurotus geesteranus in north of Anhui province |
| CN104521561A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Cultivation method for secondary pleurotus geesteranus fruiting |
| CN104620858A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-05-20 | 象州县科学技术局 | Method for planting pleurotus geesteranus by utilizing mulberry twigs |
| CN105532264A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-04 | 玉林市微生物研究所 | Out-of-season efficient pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method |
| CN106034743A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-26 | 广西南宁北部湾现代农业有限公司 | Method for producing Pleurotus geesteranus by using mulberry stems, sugarcane bagasse and silkworm excrement |
| CN106116716A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 广西南宁北部湾现代农业有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing Mulberry bar and bagasse to produce Pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN107155637A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | The bacterium germination method of elegant precious mushroom |
| CN107698317A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-16 | 贵州省印江县印兰生态菌业有限公司 | A kind of mushroom culture medium for improving lentinan content and preparation method thereof |
| CN108849232A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-23 | 陈启才 | A kind of cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof of selenium enriched oyster mushroom |
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| CN112400608A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 云南省农业技术推广总站 | Method for culturing and propagating strain after inoculation by utilizing mulberry branches and propagation device |
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| CN116616119A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-22 | 湖南芝草农业科技开发股份有限公司 | Method for inducing fruiting of pleurotus geesteranus bags contaminated by streptomyces |
| CN116616119B (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2024-01-30 | 湖南芝草农业科技开发股份有限公司 | Method for inducing fruiting of pleurotus geesteranus bags contaminated by streptomyces |
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