CN114651794B - Large-scale breeding method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles - Google Patents
Large-scale breeding method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale breeding method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles, which comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a breeding field and a breeding device; (2) preparing a spawning substrate; (3) preparing adult feed; and (4) spawning and hatching. The application provides a large-scale breeding method for improving the egg laying amount of the adult scarab brevifilis, which can greatly improve the egg laying amount of the scarab brevifilis, establish and expand breeding populations of the scarab brevifilis in a shorter time, prevent the adult from dying in a large batch due to improper breeding, provide basis and guarantee for resource and industrial development of the scarab brevifilis, and promote development and progress of enterprises and industries.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of insect feeding, in particular to a large-scale feeding method for improving the egg laying amount of adult scarabaeus breve.
Background
The Scarabaeus brevitarsis of Coleoptera, chinemys reevesii, is of family Chinemonaceae, and has a very wide diet including crops such as grains, fruits, vegetables, etc. The traditional concept holds that the platysternon leucocephala is a pest which harms crops and fruits, so that the research on the platysternon leucocephala by predecessors is focused on host distribution, morphological characteristics, occurrence rules and control methods, and only a few scholars research the biological characteristics of the platysternon leucocephala. In recent years, people have brand-new knowledge about the scarab beetles, and pay attention to that the scarab beetle larvae have the saprophagous property, can efficiently eat agricultural organic wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like, play a role in purifying the environment in nature, and the generated by-products (worm bodies and worm manure) also have certain economic value. The research shows that the contents of protein, fat and amino acid in the dry substance of the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum are 49.90%, 15.42% and 38.90% respectively, and the larvae are high-protein insects; the insect manure is high in organic matter content, is a good organic fertilizer, and accords with the development direction of reducing and increasing the application of chemical fertilizers in China. The resource utilization of the platysternon megacephalum can be used as one of the ways for solving the agricultural organic waste, and can produce products with high added value while not causing pollution to the environment.
The artificial breeding technology is the key of the large-scale and industrialization of the resource utilization of the scarab beetles, in particular to the adult egg laying technology, and the egg laying amount of the adults is the basis for ensuring whether the breed group can propagate in large quantity. However, the artificial breeding of the scarab beetles has a plurality of technical problems at present. For example, in the process of artificial feeding, the spotted scarab usually dies in large scale, and the egg laying amount of adults is low and unstable, so that how to improve the egg laying amount of the spotted scarab and prevent the adults from dying in large scale is a new research direction in the industry and a problem which needs to be solved urgently so that the spotted scarab can be fed in large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides a large-scale breeding method for increasing the egg laying amount of the adult scarab brevitarsis, which can greatly increase the egg laying amount of the scarab brevitarsis, establish and expand breeding populations of the scarab brevitarsis in a shorter time, prevent the adult worms from dying in a large scale due to improper breeding, provide basis and guarantee for resource and industrial development of the scarab brevitarsis, and promote the development and progress of enterprises and industries.
A large-scale feeding method for improving the egg laying amount of adult potamoeba albo-marginata comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging a breeding field and a breeding device thereof;
(2) Preparing a spawning substrate;
(3) Preparing adult feed;
(4) Spawning and hatching.
Selecting a place which is far away from a public hazard pollution source, dry and convenient for water and electricity in the place in the step (1); the breeding device is a breeding box.
A constant-temperature insect rearing chamber and a variable-temperature insect rearing chamber are arranged in the field; the constant-temperature insect room is a closed insect room provided with double-layer doors and windows, and a temperature control system and a humidity control system are further arranged in the constant-temperature insect room.
The spawning substrate in the step (2) is prepared by mixing wood chips, corncobs and dried fallen leaves in a ratio of 2:2:1, and the ratio is 1.
The specific preparation steps of the oviposition matrix in the step (2) are as follows:
(21) The sawdust is poplar or birch scrap, the scrap is obtained by crushing wood or natural sawdust by a crusher with meshes of 2-5mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
(22) Mixing the wood chip leavening agent and corn flour in a proportion of 1:5, uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the wood chips in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: 2m 3 Uniformly mixing the sawdust in proportion to obtain sawdust to be fermented;
(23) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.2-1.5m, the width of 2m and any length of sawdust to be fermented, starting timing when the fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over and stirring after continuing for 24-36 hours, building the fermentation pile again for fermentation, completing fermentation when the temperature of the fermentation pile is stabilized below 40 ℃ after repeating for two to three times, and storing the fermented sawdust for later use;
(24) Crushing the dried fallen leaves into fallen leaf powder by a crusher with the mesh aperture of 2-8mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
(25) Mixing a leaven and corn flour in a proportion of 1:5, uniformly mixing the components in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed starter, and mixing the mixed starter and the fallen leaf powder according to a ratio of 1kg mixed starter: uniformly mixing 1-1.5t of fallen leaves and crushed powder in proportion to obtain fallen leaves to be fermented;
(26) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.5-2m, the width of 2m and the length of 2-4m for fermentation, turning over the fermentation pile once when the fermentation temperature reaches above 65 ℃, then rebuilding the fermentation pile and continuing fermentation, repeatedly turning over for one to two times to complete fermentation, and storing the fermented fallen leaves for later use;
(27) Crushing fresh corncobs by a crusher with mesh aperture of 2-5 mm;
(28) And (3) mixing the fermented wood chips, the crushed corncobs and the fermented fallen leaves according to the ratio of 2:2:1, adding water, stirring until the humidity is 45-55%, and thus obtaining the egg-laying substrate.
The formula of the adult feed in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
consists of a part A, a part B, a part C and a part D;
part A: 500ml of distilled water, 15g of agar and 30g of brown sugar;
and part B: 200ml of distilled water, 100g of corn flour and 20g of soybean flour;
and part C: 300ml of distilled water, 100g of peeled banana and 100g of tomato;
and (D) part: 10g of yeast powder, 1g of sorbic acid and 0.5g of choline chloride;
the adult feed is prepared by the following steps:
(31) Adding the distilled water and the agar in the part A into a pot, heating while stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then adding the brown sugar, and obtaining a dissolved part A after the brown sugar is dissolved;
(32) Mixing distilled water, corn flour and soybean flour of part B, adding into part A, stirring, heating, and boiling;
(33) Mixing the distilled water, peeled bananas and tomatoes in the part C, and crushing by using a material processing machine to obtain a mixed part C;
(34) Adding yeast powder, sorbic acid and choline chloride in the part D into the part C and stirring uniformly;
(35) Continuously stirring the mixture (32) until the temperature is reduced to 50-60 ℃, then adding the mixture (34), and uniformly stirring to obtain adult feed;
(36) Sealing the adult feed in an environment of 0-4 deg.C for use.
The specific process of the step (4) is as follows:
(41) Selecting healthy and active adult staphyloma giganteum which is about to enter the spawning period;
(42) Adding oviposition matrix with thickness of 5-8cm into the breeding box;
(43) Putting adult scarab beetles into a feeding box;
(44) Putting the feeding box into a constant-temperature insect breeding chamber, controlling the temperature of the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber within the range of 25-31 ℃ through a temperature control system, and controlling the relative humidity of the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber within the range of 65-75% through a humidity control system;
(45) Daily L: d is controlled to be 16:8;
namely the daily light treatment time is 16 hours, and the dark treatment time is 8 hours;
raise the case and set up through the mode of putting things in good order or drawing and putting, specifically do:
a stacking mode: every 7-8 feeding boxes form a group, each group of feeding boxes are stacked, and the top layer of each group of feeding boxes is covered by an empty box;
a drawing and discharging mode: building a feeding cabinet, placing the feeding box in the cabinet as a drawer, and opening a hole on the front surface of the feeding box for ventilation;
(46) A feed tray is arranged on a spawning substrate at the central position of the feeding box, and fresh adult feed is sufficiently supplemented every day;
(47) Picking up the adult scarab beetles and returning to the step (42) when the adult scarab beetles are raised in the raising box for 10-15 days;
in the feeding process, the survival state of the adult scarab brevifilis is periodically checked, and if the adult scarab brevifilis is found dead, the dead adult scarab brevifilis is picked out and supplemented with a corresponding number of newly emerged adult scarab brevifilis with male and female;
(48) Pouring the egg laying substrate in the breeding box with the worm eggs in the step (47) and the worm eggs into an incubator paved with the corn straw powder;
(49) When the eggs are hatched, the eggs are raised to 2-year-old eggs in an incubator, and then the larvae of 2-year-old eggs are moved to a field for raising.
The constant-temperature insect breeding chamber, the variable-temperature insect breeding chamber, the breeding box, the feeding tray and the incubator need to be regularly sprayed with 84 disinfectant or 1% potassium permanganate solution for spraying disinfection, and meanwhile, the incubator needs to be regularly disinfected by ultraviolet lamps;
the spawning substrate and the adult feed are disinfected by ultraviolet lamp irradiation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the oviposition matrix is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp irradiating for 2 hours after preparation and before use;
the adult feed needs to be sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation for 2 hours on a super clean bench after preparation and before sealing.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method can greatly improve the egg laying amount of the chelonian, establish and expand breeding populations of the chelonian in a short time, prevent adult massive death caused by improper feeding or introduction of pathogenic bacteria, provide basis and guarantee for resource and industrialization development of the chelonian, and well promote development and progress of enterprises and industries.
(2) The oviposition matrix prepared by the method can effectively improve the oviposition amount, and the used corncobs and dry fallen leaves are agricultural and forestry wastes, so that the production cost can be effectively reduced, the resources are saved, the environmental pollution is reduced through the resource utilization of the wastes, and the requirements of national development cycle agriculture and agricultural green low-carbon transformation are met.
(3) The adult feed prepared by the invention has stable components, comprehensive nutrition and simple processing mode, can avoid the problems of unstable supply and uncontrollable nutrient components caused by season influence of the feed compared with the prior art that fruit is generally used for feeding adults, and can also effectively avoid the influence of pesticide residues and pathogenic bacteria on the fruits on the adults, thereby avoiding the situations of massive adult death and the like possibly caused by the pesticide residues and the pathogenic bacteria.
Additional features of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows. Additional features will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from the manufacture or operation of the embodiments. The features disclosed in this application may be realized and attained by practice or use of various means, methods, and combinations of the specific embodiments described below.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the amount of eggs laid every 10 days in Experimental example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings or tables in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings or tables in conjunction with embodiments.
Example 1
A large-scale breeding method for improving the egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging a breeding field and a breeding device;
the site is selected from a place which is far away from a public hazard pollution source, dry and convenient for water and electricity; the breeding device is a breeding box.
The preferable size of the rearing box is long: width: height 34.5cm:27cm:12cm; the color of the breeding box is preferably white or blue, and the material of the breeding box is preferably a plastic box.
A constant-temperature insect breeding chamber and a variable-temperature insect breeding chamber are arranged in the field; the constant-temperature insect room is a closed insect room provided with double-layer doors and windows, and a temperature control system and a humidity control system are further arranged in the constant-temperature insect room.
The temperature and the humidity have important influence on the egg laying amount, the adult is raised in a constant-temperature insect raising room, the temperature is adjusted to 28 ℃, the humidity is adjusted to about 70 percent, the environment which is favorable for the adult to lay eggs can be ensured to be always in the room, and the method has an important effect on improving the egg laying amount of the adult. The temperature-variable insect breeding chamber is connected with the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber, other operations such as spawning substrate preparation, adult feed preparation, cleaning of insect breeding tools and the like can be performed at the temperature-variable insect breeding chamber, and the temperature-variable insect breeding chamber can also be used as another barrier for preventing adults from escaping.
(2) Preparing a spawning substrate;
the oviposition substrate is prepared from wood chips, corncobs and dried fallen leaves in a weight ratio of 2:2:1, is prepared according to the proportion of 1.
The specific preparation steps of the oviposition matrix are as follows:
(21) The wood chips are poplar chips, the chips are obtained by crushing wood through a crusher with the mesh aperture of 2mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to be within the range of 60-65%;
(22) Mixing the wood chip leavening agent and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5 to obtain a mixed starter, and mixing the mixed starter and the wood chips in a weight ratio of 1kg：2m 3 Uniformly mixing the wood chips in proportion to obtain the wood chips to be fermented;
(23) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.2m, the width of 2m and the length of 3m for fermentation of the wood chips to be fermented, starting timing when the fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over and stirring after continuing for 24 hours, building the fermentation pile again for fermentation, completing the fermentation when the temperature of the fermentation pile is stabilized below 40 ℃ after repeating twice, and storing the fermented wood chips for later use;
(24) Crushing the dried fallen leaves into fallen leaf powder by a crusher with a mesh aperture of 2mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to be within the range of 60-65%;
(25) Mixing a leaven (common fertilizer leaven can be selected as the leaven) and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5, uniformly mixing the components in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the fallen leaf powder in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: uniformly mixing 1t of fallen leaves and crushed powder in proportion to obtain fallen leaves to be fermented;
(26) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 2m, the width of 2m and the length of 2m for fermenting, turning over the fermentation pile once when the fermentation temperature reaches above 65 ℃, then rebuilding the fermentation pile and continuing to ferment, finishing fermentation after repeatedly turning over twice, and storing the fermented fallen leaves for later use;
(27) Crushing fresh corncobs by a crusher with a mesh aperture of 3 mm;
(28) And (3) mixing the fermented wood chips, the crushed corncobs and the fermented fallen leaves according to the ratio of 2:2:1, adding water, stirring until the humidity is about 50 percent, and obtaining the oviposition matrix.
(3) Preparing adult feed;
the formula of the adult feed comprises the following components:
consists of a part A, a part B, a part C and a part D;
part A: 500ml of distilled water, 15g of agar and 30g of brown sugar;
and part B: 200ml of distilled water, 100g of corn flour and 20g of soybean flour;
and part C: 300ml of distilled water, 100g of peeled bananas and 100g of tomatoes;
and (D) part: 10g of yeast powder, 1g of sorbic acid and 0.5g of choline chloride;
the preparation process of the adult feed comprises the following steps:
(31) Adding the distilled water and the agar in the part A into a pot, heating while stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then adding the brown sugar, and obtaining a dissolved part A after the brown sugar is dissolved;
(32) Mixing distilled water, corn flour and soybean flour of part B, adding into part A, stirring, heating, and boiling;
(33) Mixing the distilled water, peeled bananas and tomatoes in the part C, and crushing by using a material processing machine to obtain a mixed part C;
(34) Adding yeast powder, sorbic acid and choline chloride in the part D into the part C and stirring uniformly;
(35) Continuously stirring the mixture (32) until the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, then adding the mixture (34), and uniformly stirring to obtain adult feed;
(36) Sealing the adult feed in an environment at 0 ℃ for later use.
Preferably, the adult feed will be mixed with honey at a ratio of 20:1, and mixing and using.
The prepared adult feed has comprehensive nutrition and moderate hardness, is beneficial to the taking of insects, and can be scooped into a feeding disc by a spoon when being fed.
(4) Spawning and hatching.
The specific process is as follows:
(41) Selecting healthy and active adult staphylonella sinensis to enter the oviposition period;
(42) Adding oviposition matrix with thickness of 6cm into the breeding box;
(43) Putting the adult scarab beetles into a feeding box;
50 adult scarab beetles of male and female are put into each feeding box;
(44) Putting the feeding box into a constant-temperature insect breeding chamber, setting the temperature of the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber to be 28 ℃ through a temperature control system, and controlling the relative humidity of the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber to be within a range of 65-75% through a humidity control system;
(45) Daily L: d is controlled to be 16:8;
namely, the daily light treatment time is 16 hours, and the dark treatment time is 8 hours;
raise the case and set up through the mode of putting things in good order, specifically do: every 7 feeding boxes form a group, each group of feeding boxes is stacked, and the top layer of each group of feeding boxes is covered by an empty box;
(46) A feeding disc is arranged on a spawning substrate at the central position of the feeding box, and fresh adult feed is sufficiently supplemented every day;
(47) When the adult scarab platysternon megacephalum is raised in the raising box for 10 days, picking out the adult scarab platysternon megacephalum and returning to the step (42);
in the feeding process, the survival state of the adult scarab brevifilis is periodically checked, and if the adult scarab brevifilis is found dead, the dead adult scarab brevifilis is picked out and supplemented with a corresponding number of newly emerged adult scarab brevifilis with male and female;
(48) Pouring the egg laying substrate in the breeding box with the worm eggs in the step (47) and the worm eggs into an incubator paved with the corn straw powder;
(49) When the eggs are hatched, the eggs are raised to 2-year-old eggs in an incubator, and then the larvae of 2-year-old eggs are moved to a field for raising.
Because some fungi are brought into the adult breeding process inevitably, some fungi have great toxicity to the chafer bealei, even are fatal, such as green muscardine fungi, white muscardine fungi and the like, if the disinfection is not carried out strictly, once the infection is caused, the adult is dead in a large scale, the egg laying amount is reduced sharply, and therefore the periodical disinfection is an indispensable link in the insect breeding process. Therefore, the constant-temperature insect room, the variable-temperature insect room, the feeding box, the feeding tray and the incubator need to be regularly sprayed with 84 disinfectant or 1% potassium permanganate solution for spraying and disinfection, and meanwhile, the ultraviolet lamp needs to be regularly used for irradiation and disinfection;
the spawning substrate and the adult feed are disinfected by ultraviolet lamp irradiation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the oviposition matrix is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp irradiating for 2 hours after preparation and before use;
the adult feed needs to be sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation for 2 hours on a super clean bench after preparation and before sealing.
Example 2
This example is different from example 1 only in that the specific preparation step for preparing the oviposition substrate in step (2) is different;
the specific preparation steps of the oviposition matrix are as follows:
(21) The sawdust is birch scrap, which is obtained by pulverizing natural sawdust with a pulverizer with a mesh opening diameter of 5mm, and adjusting water content to 60-65%;
(22) Mixing the wood chip leavening agent and corn flour in a proportion of 1:5, uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the wood chips in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: 2m 3 Uniformly mixing the sawdust in proportion to obtain sawdust to be fermented;
(23) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.5m, the width of 2m and the length of 3m for fermentation of the wood chips to be fermented, starting timing when the fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over and stirring after the fermentation is continued for 36 hours, building the fermentation pile again for fermentation again, completing the fermentation when the temperature of the fermentation pile is stabilized below 40 ℃ after repeating for three times, and storing the fermented wood chips for later use;
(24) Crushing the dried fallen leaves into fallen leaf powder by a crusher with the mesh aperture of 8mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to be within the range of 60-65%;
(25) Mixing the leaven and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5, uniformly mixing the components in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the fallen leaf powder in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: uniformly mixing 1.5t of fallen leaf powder in proportion to obtain fallen leaves to be fermented;
(26) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.5m, the width of 2m and the length of 4m for fermenting, turning over the fermentation pile once when the fermentation temperature reaches above 65 ℃, then reconstructing the fermentation pile and continuing to ferment, finishing fermentation after repeatedly turning over twice, and storing the fermented fallen leaves for later use;
(27) Crushing fresh corncobs by a crusher with a mesh aperture of 5 mm;
(28) And (3) mixing the fermented wood chips, the crushed corncobs and the fermented fallen leaves according to the ratio of 2:2:1, adding water, stirring until the humidity is about 50 percent, and obtaining the oviposition matrix.
Example 3
This example is different from examples 1 and 2 only in that the specific preparation step for preparing the oviposition substrate in step (2) is different;
the specific preparation steps of the oviposition matrix are as follows:
(21) The sawdust is poplar chips, the chips are obtained by crushing natural sawdust by a crusher with 3mm mesh aperture, and then adding water to adjust the water content to be in the range of 60-65%;
(22) Mixing the wood chip leavening agent and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5, uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the wood chips in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: 2m 3 Uniformly mixing the sawdust in proportion to obtain sawdust to be fermented;
(23) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.4m, the width of 2m and the length of 3m for fermentation of the wood chips to be fermented, starting timing when the fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over and stirring after 30 hours, building the fermentation pile again for fermentation again, completing the fermentation when the temperature of the fermentation pile is stabilized below 40 ℃ after three times of repetition, and storing the fermented wood chips for later use;
(24) Crushing the dried fallen leaves into fallen leaf powder by a crusher with a mesh aperture of 5mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to be within the range of 60-65%;
(25) Mixing the leaven and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5, uniformly mixing the components in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the fallen leaf powder in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: uniformly mixing 1.2t of fallen leaves and crushed powder in proportion to obtain fallen leaves to be fermented;
(26) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.6m, the width of 2m and the length of 3m for fermenting, turning over the fermentation pile once when the fermentation temperature reaches above 65 ℃, then reconstructing the fermentation pile and continuing to ferment, completing fermentation after repeatedly turning over once, and storing the fermented fallen leaves for later use;
(27) Crushing fresh corncobs by a crusher with mesh aperture of 2 mm;
(28) And (3) mixing the fermented wood chips, the crushed corncobs and the fermented fallen leaves according to the ratio of 2:2:1, adding water, stirring until the humidity is about 50 percent, and obtaining the oviposition matrix.
Insects are selective to oviposition places, and the oviposition amount of different oviposition matrixes is greatly different. The variety of factors are related to the material type, the crushing degree, the water content, the porosity and the like of the spawning substrate, and the selectivity of different insects to the spawning substrate is also greatly different. The experiment below shows that the oviposition matrix has a great effect on increasing the oviposition amount of the platysternon megacephalum.
Experimental example 1
The experimental procedure for comparing the oviposition amount of the oviposition substrate of example 1 with that of the general substrate is as follows:
selecting oviposition substrates, namely a special substrate, peanut root soil, corn straws, cotton straws and oyster mushroom fungus chaff. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the special substrate 1: the formulation was prepared as described above in example 1.
The special substrate 2: prepared as described above in example 2.
The special substrate 3: prepared as described above in example 3.
Peanut root system soil: and sieving the peanut root soil with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the peanut root soil.
1, corn straw: the corn straw is crushed to 1-2cm to obtain the corn straw.
2, corn straw: pulverizing corn stalk, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve.
Cotton stalk: pulverizing cotton straw to 10 mesh.
Oyster mushroom fungus chaff: crushing oyster mushroom bran to 6 mesh to obtain the oyster mushroom bran powder.
Adjusting the humidity of the peanut root soil to about 16%, adjusting the humidity of the corn straw 1, the corn straw 2, the cotton straw and the oyster mushroom bran to about 50%, compacting the adjusted peanut root soil, the corn straw 1, the corn straw 2, the cotton straw and the oyster mushroom bran respectively, putting the compacted peanut root soil, the corn straw 1, the corn straw 2, the cotton straw and the oyster mushroom bran into a basement, and taking out the compacted peanut root soil, the corn straw 1, the cotton straw and the oyster mushroom bran respectively after fermenting for seven days. Taking out, respectively stirring and spraying a proper amount of water, finally adjusting the humidity of the peanut root soil to 16%, and adjusting the humidity of the corn straw 1, the corn straw 2, the cotton straw and the oyster mushroom bran to 50%.
Selecting breeding boxes with the same size, color and material, respectively laying the oviposition matrix in the breeding boxes for 6cm, and placing 5 male and 5 female adult Agkistrodon septus in the oviposition period into each breeding box. Placing the breeding box in a pest breeding room with the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of about 70%, checking the egg laying amount of adults in 5 days on 5 days, 10 days and 15 days respectively, and picking out dead insects and placing healthy adults with the corresponding amount and sex in each survey. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experiment, 3 parts of raising boxes of each oviposition substrate are prepared, and the average value of the oviposition amount of the adult insects is measured in 5 days. The results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 amount of eggs laid by the adults
As can be seen from Table 1, the egg laying amount of the adult insects in 5 days is similar when the special substrate 1, the special substrate 2 and the special substrate 3 are adopted, the egg laying amount of the adult insects in 1-5 days, 6-10 days and 11-15 days is the highest, and particularly the egg laying amount in 1-5 days is far higher than that of other substrates. The egg laying amount will be reduced in 11-15 days, so the egg laying substrate is changed once in 10-15 days.
Experimental example 2
Selecting the special substrate 1 and adopting the feeding method in the experimental example 1 to feed 50 male and 50 female adult scarab beetles in a feeding box, changing the feed for 1 time every 10 days, checking the egg laying amount after each change until the adult beetles die, repeating the steps for 3 times, and calculating the egg laying amount every 10 days and the single-female egg laying amount. Wherein the amount of eggs laid every 10 days was plotted in a graph, to obtain FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the oviposition amount of adult potamoeba albuginea is in the trend of rising first and then falling, and the full oviposition period can last for about 2 months. By calculation, the adult staphylinid bred by the method has the average single-female egg laying amount of 223.79 grains, and the maximum single-female egg laying amount of 240.6 grains.
It should be noted that all features disclosed in this specification, or all steps of a method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
In addition, the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate numerous solutions that are within the scope of the disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures or tables are illustrative and not limiting of the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A large-scale feeding method for improving the egg laying amount of adult potamoeba albo-marginata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Arranging a breeding field and a breeding device;
(2) Preparing a spawning substrate;
the specific preparation steps of the oviposition matrix are as follows:
(21) The sawdust is poplar or birch scrap, the scrap is obtained by crushing wood or natural sawdust by a crusher with meshes of 2-5mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
(22) Mixing the wood chip leavening agent and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5, uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed leavening agent, and mixing the mixed leavening agent and the wood chips in a ratio of 1kg mixed leavening agent: 2m 3 Uniformly mixing the sawdust in proportion to obtain sawdust to be fermented;
(23) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.2-1.5m, the width of 2m and any length of sawdust to be fermented, starting timing when the fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over and stirring after continuing for 24-36 hours, building the fermentation pile again for fermentation, completing fermentation when the temperature of the fermentation pile is stabilized below 40 ℃ after repeating for two to three times, and storing the fermented sawdust for later use;
(24) Crushing the dried fallen leaves into fallen leaf powder by a crusher with mesh aperture of 2-8mm, and then adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;
(25) Mixing the leaven and corn flour in a ratio of 1:5, uniformly mixing the components in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed starter, and mixing the mixed starter and the fallen leaf powder according to a ratio of 1kg mixed starter: uniformly mixing 1-1.5t of fallen leaves and crushed powder in proportion to obtain fallen leaves to be fermented;
(26) Building a fermentation pile with the height of 1.5-2m, the width of 2m and the length of 2-4m for fermentation, turning over the primary fermentation pile when the fermentation temperature reaches above 65 ℃, then rebuilding the fermentation pile and continuing fermentation, finishing fermentation after repeatedly turning over for one to two times, and storing the fermented fallen leaves for later use;
(27) Crushing fresh corncobs by a crusher with mesh aperture of 2-5 mm;
(28) And (3) mixing the fermented wood chips, the crushed corncobs and the fermented fallen leaves according to the ratio of 2:2:1, adding water, stirring until the humidity is 45-55%, and obtaining an egg laying substrate;
(3) Preparing adult feed;
(4) Spawning and hatching.
2. The large-scale breeding method for improving the egg laying amount of the adult potamoeba albo-marginata according to claim 1, characterized in that a place which is far away from a pollution source, dry and convenient for water and electricity is selected in the step (1); the breeding device is a breeding box; the raising box needs to be regularly sprayed with 84 disinfectant or 1% potassium permanganate solution for spraying and disinfection, and meanwhile, the raising box needs to be regularly sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation.
3. The large-scale raising method for improving the egg laying amount of the adult potamoeba leucotricha according to claim 2, characterized in that a constant-temperature insect rearing chamber and a variable-temperature insect rearing chamber are arranged in the field; the constant-temperature insect room is a closed insect room provided with double-layer doors and windows, and a temperature control system and a humidity control system are also arranged in the constant-temperature insect room; the constant-temperature insect culture chamber and the variable-temperature insect culture chamber need to be regularly sprayed with 84 disinfectant or 1% potassium permanganate solution for spraying disinfection, and meanwhile, the constant-temperature insect culture chamber and the variable-temperature insect culture chamber need to be regularly disinfected by ultraviolet lamps.
4. The method for mass-feeding adult chafer platyphylla according to claim 1, wherein the oviposition medium in step (2) is prepared from wood chips, corncobs and dry fallen leaves in a ratio of 2:2:1, is prepared according to the proportion of 1.
5. The large-scale raising method for increasing the egg laying amount of the adult chafer brevicornus according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the adult feed in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
consists of a part A, a part B, a part C and a part D;
part A: 500ml of distilled water, 15g of agar and 30g of brown sugar;
and part B: 200ml of distilled water, 100g of corn flour and 20g of soybean flour;
and part C: 300ml of distilled water, 100g of peeled banana and 100g of tomato;
and (D) part: 10g of yeast powder, 1g of sorbic acid and 0.5g of choline chloride;
the preparation process of the adult feed comprises the following steps:
(31) Adding the distilled water and the agar in the part A into a pot, heating while stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then adding the brown sugar, and obtaining a dissolved part A after the brown sugar is dissolved;
(32) Mixing distilled water, corn flour and soybean flour of part B, adding into part A, stirring, heating, and boiling;
(33) Mixing the distilled water, peeled bananas and tomatoes in the part C, and crushing by using a material processing machine to obtain a mixed part C;
(34) Adding yeast powder, sorbic acid and choline chloride in the part D into the part C and uniformly stirring;
(35) Continuously stirring the mixture (32) until the temperature is reduced to 50-60 ℃, then adding the mixture (34), and uniformly stirring to obtain an adult feed;
(36) Sealing the adult feed in an environment of 0-4 deg.C for use.
6. The large-scale feeding method for improving the egg laying amount of the adult chafer breccida according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(41) Selecting healthy and active adult staphylonella sinensis to enter the oviposition period;
(42) Adding oviposition matrix with thickness of 5-8cm into the breeding box;
(43) Putting the adult scarab beetles into a feeding box;
(44) Putting the feeding box into a constant-temperature insect breeding chamber, controlling the temperature of the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber within the range of 25-31 ℃ through a temperature control system, and controlling the relative humidity of the constant-temperature insect breeding chamber within the range of 65-75% through a humidity control system;
(45) Daily L: d is controlled to be 16:8;
namely, the daily light treatment time is 16 hours, and the dark treatment time is 8 hours;
raise the case and set up through the mode of putting things in good order or drawing and putting, specifically do:
stacking mode: every 7-8 feeding boxes form a group, each group of feeding boxes are stacked, and the top layer of each group of feeding boxes is covered by an empty box;
a drawing and discharging mode: building a feeding cabinet, placing the feeding box in the cabinet as a drawer, and opening a hole on the front surface of the feeding box for ventilation;
(46) A feed tray is arranged on a spawning substrate at the central position of the feeding box, and fresh adult feed is sufficiently supplemented every day;
the feeding plate needs to be regularly sprayed with 84 disinfectant or 1% potassium permanganate solution for spraying disinfection, and meanwhile, the ultraviolet lamp needs to be regularly used for irradiation disinfection;
(47) When the adult platysternon leucocephala is raised in the raising box for 10-15 days, picking out the adult platysternon leucocephala and returning to the step (42);
in the feeding process, the survival state of the adult scarab brevifilis is periodically checked, and if the adult scarab brevifilis is found dead, the dead adult scarab brevifilis is picked out and supplemented with a corresponding number of newly emerged adult scarab brevifilis with male and female;
(48) Pouring the egg laying substrate in the feeding box with the worm eggs in the step (47) and the worm eggs into an incubator paved with the corn straw powder;
the incubator needs to be sprayed with 84 disinfectant or 1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and meanwhile, the incubator needs to be disinfected by ultraviolet lamp irradiation;
(49) When eggs are hatched, the eggs are raised to 2-year old in an incubator, and then the larvae of 2-year old are moved to a field for raising.
7. The large-scale raising method for increasing the egg laying amount of the adult chafer brevitarsis according to claim 1, wherein the egg laying substrate and the adult feed are sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation, and the method comprises the following steps:
the oviposition matrix is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp irradiating for 2 hours after preparation and before use;
the adult feed needs to be sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation for 2 hours on a super clean bench after preparation and before sealing.
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