CN105777440A - Soil conditioning organic fertilizer for preventing plant diseases and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioning organic fertilizer for preventing plant diseases and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105777440A CN105777440A CN201610229022.4A CN201610229022A CN105777440A CN 105777440 A CN105777440 A CN 105777440A CN 201610229022 A CN201610229022 A CN 201610229022A CN 105777440 A CN105777440 A CN 105777440A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer production and particularly relates to a soil conditioning organic fertilizer for preventing plant diseases and a preparation method thereof.The organic fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 25-30 parts of zeolite, 35-45 parts of animal manure, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 7-10 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis prepration, 8-10 parts of chitin powder, 8-10 parts of alginate and 1-2 parts of trace elements.The organic fertilizer is wide in raw material source, low in cost and capable of effectively preventing plant diseases and insect pests, reducing soil pollution, making soil matrix conditioning easier, fully releasing organic nutrients and making plants fully absorb various nutrients, can increase the survival rate of plants and make branches and leaves of the plants luxuriant, can improve disease resistance and pest resistance of the plants, and makes the yield of the plants higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fertilizer production, soil conditioning fertilizer being specifically related to a kind of control of plant disease and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, the disease of the five disaster preventing and treatings generally acknowledged in world wide is soil-borne disease, vascular bundle diseases, virus disease, antibacterial
Disease and nematodiasis.Wherein, soil-borne disease refers to that the soil-borne disease substance in soil infects from the root of crops, causes plant
Mortality, causes the underproduction, affects the raising of economic benefit, belongs to destructive disease.Due to its harm extensively, seriously,
It is listed in first of the disease of this five disaster preventing and treating, and the loss the most up to more than 200 hundred million caused because of soil-borne disease every year in China.Soil
The preventing and treating passing disease has been passed by very long course, from the soil sterilants of killing livestock property such as chloropicrin, bromomethane and various sterilization agent
Application development to Biological control, but the propagation of soil-borne disease with harm still advocate rampant.Trace it to its cause and be that farming area is little, plant
Planting kind single, soil-borne pathogen accumulates in soil in a large number, and soil-borne pathogen is strong to soil environment adaptive faculty, suitable bar
Under part will large-scale outbreak, therefore, resolving crops soil-borne disease, to prevent and treat problem more and more urgent.Serious harm crops
Soil-borne disease specifically include that droop, verticillium wilt, gray mold, Phytophthora capsici is sick, damping-off, damping off etc..Wherein,
Droop and verticillium wilt are two kinds, the northern area of China great diseases of hazardness.
China mostlys come from land crop material and animal excretion, along with fertilizer demand for the organic fertilizer resource of arable farming
Increasing, these organic fertilizer resources gradually show the incomplete shortcoming of its nutrient.And due to usage charges expenses of labour thing, cause agriculture
People's user is little, and major part is still based on general chemical fertilizer.Due to chronic administration chemical fertilizer so that soil compaction,
Increasingly it is acidified, and then causes corps diseases serious, the phenomenon that grain quality and yield are decreased obviously occurs.Therefore application
Convenient, the fertilizer special for organic of comprehensive nutrition is the only way solving these problems.
Through the development of nearly 30 years, occupied first place in the world in China's sea-farming scale position, its remarkable in economical benefits, it has also become many
The pillar industry in individual place.Meanwhile, the pollution brought due to pollution and the following process of sea-farming self is the tightest
Weight.China's carapace aboundresources, the cultivation of Crustacean, processing capacity are huge, have a substantial amounts of processing waste simultaneously, only Eriocheir sinensis,
Shrimp waste reaches more than 6000 tons every year, and in Crustacean processing waste, chitin (Chitin) content is up to 20-25%.
At present, it has been found that chitin and derivant thereof have many premium properties, and purposes is quite varied, medicine, agricultural, environmental protection,
Food, weave, print and dye, the industry such as plastics, color film has application.The side-product of these sea-farmings is converted into environment
Close friend, the useful products again with higher economic worth is built environment close friend, sustainable health development culture fishery, development
A blue economic problem in the urgent need to address.
In the face of the severeest situation, the conventional chemical pesticide that utilizes processes severe contamination soil, and due to stable chemical nature,
Long-term accumulation causes again the repeated contamination to soil.Meanwhile, the pathogen-resistance caused strengthens, and kills useful bacterial strain,
Obtain good prevention effect through being difficult to.Chemical pesticide is at controlling disease simultaneously, without having injured beneficial organism the most in a large number, broken
It is broken the structure that nature biotechnology population is complicated, causes ecosystem balance to be lacked of proper care.It is strong that microbial control has selectivity, to people,
Poultry, crops and natural environment safety, be not likely to produce the features such as resistance, and increasingly paid close attention to by people.Therefore, by sea
Ocean cultivation is combined with soil organic fertilizer, not only solves the pollution problem of ocean and soil, it is also possible to turn waste into wealth, brings
More added economic value, this will be the important trend studied from now on.
Summary of the invention
For defect and the deficiency of prior art, object of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient, pollution-free, practical plant
The soil conditioning fertilizer of disease control, is mainly used in preventing and treating the soil-borne disease of plant, present invention also offers soil conditioning organic
Fertile preparation method.
The soil conditioning fertilizer of a kind of control of plant disease, is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: zeolite 25-30 part, animal
Feces 35-45 part, plant ash 5-8 part, carbamide 7-10 part, humic acid 3-5 part, bacillus subtilis formulation 1-3 part, first
Shell element powder 8-10 part, alginate 8-10 part, trace element 1-2 part.
Further, the effective total viable count >=2.2 hundred million spores/g of bacillus subtilis formulation.
Further, the preparation method of described chitin powder is: the shrimp and crab shells of recovery is dried, pulverize standby;By shrimp and crab shells powder
7-9 times of end weight adds water, and by ultrasonic Treatment, then stands swelling;Add multiple according to the 3-4% of shrimp and crab shells powder weight
Synthase hydrolyzed protein, then coarse filtration, centrifugation, last fine straining obtains clean shell powder;The clean shell powder obtained adds dilute hydrochloric acid soak
After decalcification, through filtering, clean, dry and to obtain chitin powder.
Further, described compound enzyme is made up of each number of following weight proportion: papain 6 parts, trypsin 5 parts and
Alkaline protease 9 parts.
Preferably, a kind of during described alginate is sodium alginate and calcium alginate or both mixture.
Preferably, described trace element is any one in nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, or
The two or more mixture mixed with arbitrary proportion.
The preparation method of the soil conditioning fertilizer of a kind of control of plant disease, comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing: zeolite first carries out preliminary pulverizing, become the bulk of 6-8cm diameter, then unification puts into 900 DEG C
High temperature kiln in calcine 5.5-6h, it is finely divided to carry out secondary fine after cooling, becomes the granule of 50-60 mesh sieve, finally by granule
Powder dilute hydrochloric acid is eluriated 2-3 time;
(2) fermentation: animal wastes, carbamide, plant ash and humic acid are added water and mixes, compost fermentation, fermentation 18
It is dried after it, pulverizes acquisition organic fertilizer particles, standby;
(3) batch mixing: by the organic fertilizer particles obtained in the zeolite granular powder obtained in step (1), step (2), hay
Bacillus preparation, chitin powder, alginate and trace element fully mix, and then add water moistening, use comminutor
It is processed into the fertiliser granulates of size 6-9mm size, after drying, obtains finished product.
The Advantageous Effects of the present invention: the chitin of the present invention, bacillus subtilis and alginic acid synergy are good, and possess
Controlled-release function, applied once can meet the nutrient demand of the whole trophophase of crop, greatly reduces fertilising operating cost, safety
Property is good;And chitin and bacillus subtilis have good biocidal property, can well disease and pest control and vegetative bacteria,
The generation of fungal disease, decreases being repeated several times of plant whole trophophase pesticide and sprays, and decreases chemical contamination and pathogen is held
The variation resistance being easily generated, has reached the effect of Biological control, gentle long-acting;The present invention, based on animal wastes, adds shell and gathers
Animal wastes are converted into the nutrient of plant by sugar, strengthen via plant immunity, promote the health of plant, and can be greatly improved
The quality and yield of crops;Add humic acid and can strengthen the waterlogging-resistant performance of plant, improve Soil structure, make loosing soil,
Meet the plant requirement to air circulation, coordinate plant ash favourable to the growth of root;Zeolite Nantural non-toxic, has excellent
Ion-exchange capacity and absorbability, be preferable slow release fertilizer substrate, can regulate P in soil H, increases soil nutrient availability,
Decrease the soil weight, increase the total porosity of soil, be that the soil is porous, improve the permeability of soil, improve draining
Penetrating power, beneficially plant root carry out aerobic respiration, and the beneficially active water suction of root and ion transport capacity.Combine
Closing and state, raw material sources of the present invention are extensive, with low cost, can be effectively prevented the generation of plant pest, reduce soil dirty
Dye, beneficially soil matrix conditioning, fully discharge organic nutrition, more conducively plant and comprehensively absorb all kinds of nutrition, can not only carry
The survival rate of high plant, makes it flourishing, and can improve plant disease-resistant insect resistance capacity, promotes plant yield-increasing.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The soil conditioning fertilizer of a kind of control of plant disease, is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: zeolite 28g, animal wastes
40g, plant ash 7g, carbamide 8g, humic acid 4g, bacillus subtilis formulation 2g, chitin powder 9g, alginate 9g (sea
Sodium alginate 6g, calcium alginate 3g), trace element 1.5g (nicotinic acid 0.2g, folic acid 0.1g, pantothenic acid 0.05g, Fe 0.3g,
Mn 0.2g、Cu 0.2g、Zn 0.4g、Se 0.05g)。
Effective total viable count >=2.2 hundred million spores/the g of bacillus subtilis formulation.The preparation method of described chitin powder is:
The shrimp and crab shells of recovery is dried, pulverize standby;Add water by 7-9 times of shrimp and crab shells powder weight, and by ultrasonic Treatment, then
Stand swelling;Combinative enzyme hydrolysis albumen, then coarse filtration, centrifugation, finally essence is added according to the 3-4% of shrimp and crab shells powder weight
Leaching obtains clean shell powder;After the clean shell powder obtained is added dilute hydrochloric acid immersion decalcification, through filtering, clean, dry and to obtain chitin powder.Institute
State compound enzyme to be made up of each number of following weight proportion: papain 6 parts, trypsin 5 parts and alkaline protease 9 parts.
Described alginate is a kind of in sodium alginate and calcium alginate or both mixture.Described trace element be nicotinic acid,
Any one in folic acid, pantothenic acid, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, or the two or more mixture mixed with arbitrary proportion.
The preparation method of the soil conditioning fertilizer of a kind of control of plant disease, comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing: zeolite first carries out preliminary pulverizing, become the bulk of 6-8cm diameter, then unification puts into 900 DEG C
High temperature kiln in calcine 5.5-6h, it is finely divided to carry out secondary fine after cooling, becomes the granule of 50-60 mesh sieve, finally by granule
Powder dilute hydrochloric acid is eluriated 2-3 time;
(2) fermentation: animal wastes, carbamide, plant ash and humic acid are added water and mixes, compost fermentation, fermentation 18
It is dried after it, pulverizes acquisition organic fertilizer particles, standby;
(3) batch mixing: by the organic fertilizer particles obtained in the zeolite granular powder obtained in step (1), step (2), hay
Bacillus preparation, chitin powder, alginate and trace element fully mix, and then add water moistening, use comminutor
It is processed into the fertiliser granulates of size 6-9mm size, after drying, obtains I fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
Preparation II fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without described in embodiment 1
2g bacillus subtilis formulation.
Embodiment 3
Preparation III fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without described in embodiment 1
9g chitin powder.
Embodiment 4
Preparation IV fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without described in embodiment 1
9g alginate.
Embodiment 5
Preparation V fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without the 4g described in embodiment 1
Humic acid.
Embodiment 6
Preparation VI fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without described in embodiment 1
40g animal wastes.
Embodiment 7
Preparation VII fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without described in embodiment 1
28g zeolite.
Embodiment 8
Preparation VIII fertilizer: formula and preparation method are same as in Example 1, except that without described in embodiment 1
7g plant ash.
Checking test one
The soil conditioning fertilizer of the control of plant disease of the present invention that Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi (dicotyledon) is spreaded manuer in holes:
The soil conditioning fertilizer of the control of plant disease of the use present invention is as experimental group, simultaneously with commercially available conventional Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi potassium sulfate
Compound fertilizer's Term Fertilization as a control group, after Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi Seedling (summer Radix Ipomoeae) transplants 15 days, by matched group and experimental group fertilizer difference
Spreading manuer in holes as base manure according to 25kg/ mu, the period of maturation of statistics Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi shifts to an earlier date natural law and per mu yield, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 1;Survey simultaneously
The nutrient of amount different soils, concrete outcome is shown in Table 2.
Table 1 different fertilizer is on Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi period of maturation and the impact of per mu yield
Period of maturation shifts to an earlier date natural law (d) | Per mu yield (kg) | |
Matched group | …… | 2614 |
I fertilizer | 13 | 3161 |
II fertilizer | 7 | 2937 |
III fertilizer | 8 | 2902 |
IV fertilizer | 6 | 2734 |
V fertilizer | 6 | 2706 |
VI fertilizer | 7 | 2866 |
VII fertilizer | 11 | 2978 |
VIII fertilizer | 8 | 2650 |
As shown in Table 1, the soil conditioning fertilizer of the control of plant disease of the present invention, it is possible not only to promote that Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi becomes in advance in advance
Ripe, additionally it is possible to significantly increase the per mu yield of Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi.
Table 2 Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi root soil nutrient elements compares
As shown in Table 2, the soil conditioning fertilizer of the control of plant disease of the present invention can significantly increase inorganic nutrients in soil
The content of element, and reduce the soil weight, promote root aerobic respiration, in increasing soil, organic, content, promote soil
Earth conditioning improvement, this points out the present invention can shift to an earlier date the heading stage of Semen Tritici aestivi significantly and can increase Semen Tritici aestivi per mu yield the most further
Reason.
Checking test two
The worm's ovum being commonly in the pest and disease damage laid eggs in soil is granted the soil conditioning fertilizer of the control of plant disease of the present invention, logical
Cross the hatchability of final pest and disease damage ovum, the insect-repellent of detection fertilizer:
Take the worm's ovum of Gryllotalpa, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates, cutworm, wireworm, often organize and take 100 pieces;The urea fertilizer that market is often sold as
Matched group, matched group and experimental group, as experimental group, take out 5g by the I fertilizer of the present invention~VIII fertilizer respectively,
Soil fresh with 1000g fully mixes respectively, and the fresh soil after then being mixed with each group respectively by each group of worm's ovum mixes again,
It is individually positioned in culture dish, sprays 2-3 water every day, hatch 35 days at 25 DEG C, add up the hatching of each group of soil pest and disease damage worm's ovum
Rate.
The impact on soil pest and disease damage egg hatch rate of table 3 different fertilizer
As shown in Table 3, the incubation rate of soil pest and disease damage is affected little by commercially available common fertilizer, and the plant disease of the present invention is prevented
The soil conditioning fertilizer controlled greatly reduces the incubation rate of soil pest and disease damage, and pest and disease damage is had good inhibiting effect, has
Well insect-repellent.
Examples detailed above, simply for technology design and the technical characterstic of the explanation present invention, can not limit the protection model of the present invention with this
Enclose.All equivalent transformations done according to the essence of the present invention or modification, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the soil conditioning fertilizer of a control of plant disease, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion: zeolite
25-30 part, animal wastes 35-45 part, plant ash 5-8 part, carbamide 7-10 part, humic acid 3-5 part, bacillus subtilis
Preparation 1-3 part, chitin powder 8-10 part, alginate 8-10 part, trace element 1-2 part.
The soil conditioning fertilizer of control of plant disease the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: bacillus subtilis
Effective total viable count >=2.2 hundred million spores/the g of preparation.
The soil conditioning fertilizer of control of plant disease the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described chitin powder
Preparation method be: the shrimp and crab shells of recovery is dried, pulverize standby;Add water by 7-9 times of shrimp and crab shells powder weight, and with super
Sonicated, then stands swelling;According to shrimp and crab shells powder weight 3-4% add combinative enzyme hydrolysis albumen, then coarse filtration, from
The heart separates, and last fine straining obtains clean shell powder;After the clean shell powder obtained is added dilute hydrochloric acid immersion decalcification, through filtering, clean, drying
Obtain chitin powder.
The soil conditioning fertilizer of control of plant disease the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described compound enzyme by with
Each number composition of lower weight proportion: papain 6 parts, trypsin 5 parts and alkaline protease 9 parts.
The soil conditioning fertilizer of control of plant disease the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described alginate
For a kind of in sodium alginate and calcium alginate or both mixture.
The soil conditioning fertilizer of control of plant disease the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described trace unit
Element is any one in nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, or two or more with arbitrary proportion mixing
The mixture become.
7. according to the preparation method of the soil conditioning fertilizer of the control of plant disease described in any one of claim 1-6, its feature
It is to comprise the following steps:
(1) pulverizing: zeolite first carries out preliminary pulverizing, become the bulk of 6-8cm diameter, then unification puts into 900 DEG C
High temperature kiln in calcine 5.5-6h, it is finely divided to carry out secondary fine after cooling, becomes the granule of 50-60 mesh sieve, finally by granule
Powder dilute hydrochloric acid is eluriated 2-3 time;
(2) fermentation: animal wastes, carbamide, plant ash and humic acid are added water and mixes, compost fermentation, fermentation 18
It is dried after it, pulverizes acquisition organic fertilizer particles, standby;
(3) batch mixing: by the organic fertilizer particles obtained in the zeolite granular powder obtained in step (1), step (2), hay
Bacillus preparation, chitin powder, alginate and trace element fully mix, and then add water moistening, use comminutor
It is processed into the fertiliser granulates of size 6-9mm size, after drying, obtains finished product.
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CN106380313A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 靖海集团有限公司 | Antibacterial and yield-increasing algae fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN106397017A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer prepared from biodegradable wastes and used for Hetao irrigation district secondary salinization land, and preparation method thereof |
CN106588287A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-04-26 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Algae composite microbial organic fertilizer special for apples and preparation method of algae composite microbial organic fertilizer |
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CN107619334A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-23 | 济南航晨生物科技有限公司 | A kind of special ocean type disease-resistant compound microbial fertilizer of the red sage root |
CN106397017A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer prepared from biodegradable wastes and used for Hetao irrigation district secondary salinization land, and preparation method thereof |
CN106380313A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 靖海集团有限公司 | Antibacterial and yield-increasing algae fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN106588287A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-04-26 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Algae composite microbial organic fertilizer special for apples and preparation method of algae composite microbial organic fertilizer |
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