CN110810117A - Corn stalk-red pine antler-white star tortoise circulation mode cultivation method - Google Patents
Corn stalk-red pine antler-white star tortoise circulation mode cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological breeding, and discloses a corn straw-red pine mushroom-white star chafer circulating mode breeding method, which comprises the steps of taking crushed corn straw, rice hull and wood dust as main materials, adding phosphate fertilizer and plaster stone to prepare a red pine mushroom cultivation material, taking the red pine mushroom cultivation material as a culture medium of the red pine mushroom to cultivate the red pine mushroom, adding animal excrement, phosphate fertilizer and microbial inoculum into mushroom bran generated after the red pine mushroom is harvested to prepare mushroom bran feed through fermentation, taking the mushroom bran feed as an egg laying substrate of white star chafer imagoes and a feed material of white star chafer larvae to breed white star chafer larvae, using excrement generated by the white star chafer larvae bred by the mushroom bran feed as an agricultural organic fertilizer for agricultural planting, converting the mushroom bran from the treatment of agricultural wastes such as straw and the like to the final treatment of the mushroom bran to produce worm body protein and worm feces organic fertilizer, green and environment-friendly, and has economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a circulating mode breeding method of corn straw-red pine antler-giant salamander.
Background
At present, the technology for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake in China generally takes a single material as a cultivation raw material, the sowing and management method is relatively simple, the biological efficiency is generally low, the tricholoma matsutake is cultivated in the traditional sense, after the mushrooms are harvested, mushroom bran is discarded or burned nearby, the environment is polluted, and resources are wasted; the platysternon leucotrichum is a common insect, the larva of the platysternon leucotrichum is of a saprophagous nature, and can eat rotten straws, weeds, livestock and poultry manure and the like in nature, the imago of the platysternon leucotrichum mainly takes grain, fruits, vegetables and other economic crops as food for eating, and the research on the platysternon leucotrichum in recent years shows that the imago of the platysternon leucotrichum has higher medicinal value and can be used as a commodity insect for breeding, but no suitable breeding method exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the circulating mode cultivation method of the corn straw, the red pine mushroom and the white scarab beetle, the biological efficiency of the red pine mushroom cultivated by the method is high, the fungus chaff generated after the fungus mushroom is harvested does not pollute the environment, and meanwhile, the invention provides a proper method for cultivating the white scarab beetle, and the method is ecological, environment-friendly and high in economic value.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a circulating mode cultivation method of corn straw-red pine antler-white star chafer comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking crushed corn straws, rice hulls and sawdust as main materials, adding phosphate fertilizer and plaster stone to prepare a red pine mushroom cultivation material, taking the red pine mushroom cultivation material as a culture medium of the red pine mushroom to cultivate the red pine mushroom, adding animal manure, phosphate fertilizer and microbial inoculum into fungus chaff generated after the red pine mushroom is harvested to prepare fungus chaff feed through fermentation, taking the fungus chaff feed as an egg laying substrate of adult chelonian and a feed of the larvae of the chelonian to breed the larvae of the chelonian, and using excrement generated by the larvae of the chelonian bred by the fungus chaff feed as an agricultural organic fertilizer for agricultural planting.
Further, the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of corn straw, 10-30 parts of rice hull, 10-30 parts of wood chip, 0.5-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-2 parts of plaster of paris;
and/or the mushroom bran feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800-1200 parts of fungus chaff after the harvest of the pinus sylvestris, 80-120 parts of animal waste, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.1-1 part of microbial inoculum.
Further, the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn straw 58, rice hull 20, wood chips 20, phosphate fertilizer 1 and plaster of paris 1;
and/or the mushroom bran feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of fungus chaff after the collection of the pinus sylvestris, 100 parts of animal waste, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial inoculum.
Further, the preparation method of the cultivation material of the tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
1) raw material treatment: selecting and using the mouldless corn straw harvested in the current year, crushing the corn straw into 2 cm sections, respectively soaking the crushed corn straw, the rice hull and the wood chip with water, stopping soaking when the moisture in the corn straw, the rice hull and the wood chip reaches 70%, and mixing the soaked corn straw, the rice hull and the wood chip to obtain the standby material.
2) Building a pile: adding the phosphate fertilizer and the plaster stone weighed in the step 1) into the standby material obtained in the step 1) in sequence, uniformly mixing, and then building a pile, wherein the length of the pile is 5m, the height of the pile is 2m, and the width of the pile is at least 3 m.
3) Fermentation: and (3) completely covering the material pile constructed in the step 2) with a black plastic film for fermentation, measuring the temperature in the material every 3 days in the fermentation process, controlling the temperature in the material at 40-60 ℃, turning over the material pile every 5 days for ventilation, wherein the ventilation time is 2 hours each time, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material.
Wherein the phosphate fertilizer in the step 1) is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer produced by Xinhua phosphate fertilizer factory in Guizhou province.
Further, the method for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
1) site selection: selecting a soil base layer or a farmland under the forest as a cultivation land of the tricholoma matsutake.
2) Cultivation: laying the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material into a cultivation material pile, covering a sunshade net at the top of the cultivation material pile to prevent direct irradiation of sunlight, wherein the width of a furrow of the cultivation material pile is 60cm, the height of the furrow is 60cm, the distance between the furrows is 30cm, the cultivation material pile is arranged into a turtle back shape with a high middle part and two low sides to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation, sowing the tricholoma matsutake on the cultivation material pile in 4 layers, the distance between each layer is 10cm, 300g-500g of strains are sown per square meter, and the uppermost layer is covered with straws or a thin film to preserve heat and moisture to obtain a culture medium.
3) Spawn running: controlling the temperature in the culture medium obtained in the step 2) at 20-28 ℃, controlling the humidity in the culture medium at 65-75%, and covering soil with loose soil containing humus when hyphae grow to above 3/4 in the culture medium, wherein the thickness of the covering soil layer is 3-5 cm.
4) Fruiting and harvesting: when hypha grows to a soil layer and begins to form a white primordium, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 85-95% and the temperature to be 15-25 ℃, starting harvesting first-stage tide mushrooms when the outer membranes of the sporophore pileus break and the inner coils of the pileus are not opened, harvesting first-stage tide mushrooms every 15 days, and harvesting 4-stage tide mushrooms.
Further, the preparation method of the mushroom bran feed comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) mushroom bran treatment: collecting mushroom bran produced after the collection of the tricholoma matsutake, and removing impurities mixed in the mushroom bran to obtain a mushroom bran standby material, wherein the water content of the mushroom bran standby material is 55-57%.
2) Preparing raw materials to be fermented: uniformly mixing 1000 parts by weight of mushroom residue, 100 parts by weight of animal manure, 20 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part by weight of microbial inoculum to obtain a raw material to be fermented.
3) Placing the raw materials to be fermented obtained in the step 2) in a fermentation place, building a fungus chaff fermentation pile, wherein the indoor temperature of the fermentation place is 20-35 ℃, the length of the fungus chaff fermentation pile is 5m, the height is 1.5m, the width is 1.5m, the water content of the raw materials to be fermented is 70%, the fungus chaff fermentation pile is fully covered with a plastic film, the pile is turned over every 5 days for ventilation, the ventilation is carried out for 2 hours every time, and the fungus chaff feed is obtained after fermentation for 15-35 days.
Wherein the phosphate fertilizer in the step 2) is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer produced by Xinhua phosphate fertilizer factory in Guizhou province.
The microbial inoculum in the step 2) is an EM microbial inoculum produced by Ningpo biological products company Limited.
The animal manure in the step 2) is cow manure or chicken manure.
Further, the method for breeding the larvae of the platysternon leucocephala comprises the following steps:
1) the construction of the breeding place of the platysternon megacephalum: a cultivation workshop is constructed at a position which is ventilated and close to a water source, an indoor three-dimensional layered cultivation method is adopted, cultivation boxes are placed on each layer of layered frame, and insect-proof nets cover the upper portions of the cultivation boxes respectively.
2) Adult breeding and egg hatching of the platysternon megacephalum: putting adult scarab beetles into each breeding box covered with the insect-proof net in the step 1), wherein the male-female ratio of the adult scarab beetles is 3:1, taking mushroom bran feed as a spawning substrate of the adult scarab beetles, the water content of the spawning substrate is 50%, the adult scarab beetles spawn eggs in the spawning substrate and hatch into larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles, feeding the adult scarab beetles and the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles with waste fruits containing sugar, sorting the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles into the breeding boxes of the 2 nd age, and breeding the larvae separately.
3) Breeding the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum: the temperature in the 2 nd-age rearing box in the step 2) is 24-32 ℃, 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae are fed with the mushroom bran feed, the ratio of the feeding weight of the mushroom bran feed in each 2 nd-age rearing box to the weight of the 2 nd-age larvae is 5:1, the water content of the mushroom bran feed for feeding the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae is 50-60%, when the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae grow to 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae, the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae are sorted into the 3 rd-age rearing box for rearing, excrement generated by the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae generated in the 2 nd-age rearing box is collected, the 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae are fed with the mushroom bran feed, the ratio of the weight of the 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae to the weight of the mushroom bran feed is 1:5, when the 3 rd-age spotted scarab seed source scarab larvae enter into the mature stage, the larvae are selected as larvae, the larvae are placed in the rearing box for rearing, and the rest of the, collecting the excrement generated by the larvae of the 3 rd-age platysternon megacephalum in the 3 rd-age feeding box.
4) Mixing the excrement generated by the 2 nd-age Chrysomyiame gacephala larvae and the excrement generated by the 3 rd-age Chrysomyiame gacephala larvae, airing or drying the mixture, and using the mixture as an agricultural organic fertilizer to be applied to crop planting.
Further, the mushroom bran feed is the mushroom bran feed described in claim 1.
Further, the 1 st larva of the platysternon megacephalum is a larva which is hatched for 1 to 7 days; the 2-instar platysternon megacephalum larvae are larvae incubated for 7-21 days; the larvae of the 3-year-old potamoeba stananthe are larvae which hatch for 21-84 days, and the mature larvae are larvae which hatch for more than 84 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the circulating mode cultivation method of the corn straw, the red pine antler and the white star chafer, insect body protein and insect manure organic fertilizer are produced from the agricultural wastes such as the straw processed from the source to the last larva conversion processed fungus chaff, a circulating biological cultivation system is established, the agricultural wastes are recycled, the environment is not polluted, the method is green and environment-friendly, and meanwhile, the economic value is generated;
2. compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake increases the bed height of the cultivation material, increases the number of layers of strain seeding, can improve the ventilation quantity between beds and shortens the time for filling hyphae with the material;
3. the preparation method of the fungus chaff feed avoids breeding of pests and pathogenic bacteria, and the fungus chaff of the tricholoma matsutake is changed into the fungus chaff feed through fermentation treatment, so that the economic value and the ecological benefit are obviously improved;
4. according to the method for breeding the larvae of the platysternon lepigone, disclosed by the invention, the breeding method is three-dimensional breeding, the breeding field can be fully utilized, the production period is shortened by controlling the temperature, the breeding cost is reduced by feeding the abandoned melons and fruits by adults, and the larvae can be converted into worm body proteins and worm manure organic fertilizers by feeding the mushroom bran, so that the tricholoma lepigone mushroom bran is fully utilized, the environment is not polluted, and the economic benefit is generated.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn straw 58, rice hull 20, wood chips 20, phosphate fertilizer 1 and plaster of paris 1.
The mushroom bran feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of fungus chaff after the collection of the pinus sylvestris, 100 parts of animal waste, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following steps:
1) raw material treatment: selecting and using the mouldless corn straw harvested in the current year, crushing the corn straw into 2 cm sections, respectively soaking the crushed corn straw, the rice hull and the wood chip with water, stopping soaking when the moisture in the corn straw, the rice hull and the wood chip reaches 70%, and mixing the soaked corn straw, the rice hull and the wood chip to obtain the standby material.
2) Building a pile: adding the phosphate fertilizer and the plaster stone weighed in the step 1) into the standby material obtained in the step 1) in sequence, uniformly mixing, and then building a pile, wherein the length of the pile is 5m, the height of the pile is 2m, and the width of the pile is at least 3 m.
3) Fermentation: and (3) completely covering the material pile constructed in the step 2) with a black plastic film for fermentation, measuring the temperature in the material every 3 days in the fermentation process, controlling the temperature in the material at 40-60 ℃, turning over the material pile every 5 days for ventilation, wherein the ventilation time is 2 hours each time, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material.
Wherein the phosphate fertilizer in the step 1) is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer produced by Xinhua phosphate fertilizer factory in Guizhou province.
The method for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
1) site selection: selecting a soil base layer or a farmland under the forest as a cultivation land of the tricholoma matsutake.
2) Cultivation: laying the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material into a cultivation material pile, covering a sunshade net at the top of the cultivation material pile to prevent direct irradiation of sunlight, wherein the width of a furrow of the cultivation material pile is 60cm, the height of the furrow is 60cm, the distance between the furrows is 30cm, the cultivation material pile is arranged into a turtle back shape with a high middle part and two low sides to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation, sowing the tricholoma matsutake on the cultivation material pile in 4 layers, the distance between each layer is 10cm, 300g-500g of strains are sown per square meter, and the uppermost layer is covered with straws or a thin film to preserve heat and moisture to obtain a culture medium.
3) Spawn running: controlling the temperature in the culture medium obtained in the step 2) at 20-28 ℃, controlling the humidity in the culture medium at 65-75%, and covering soil with loose soil containing humus when hyphae grow to above 3/4 in the culture medium, wherein the thickness of the covering soil layer is 3-5 cm.
4) Fruiting and harvesting: when hypha grows to a soil layer and begins to form a white primordium, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 85-95% and the temperature to be 15-25 ℃, starting harvesting first-stage tide mushrooms when the outer membranes of the sporophore pileus break and the inner coils of the pileus are not opened, harvesting first-stage tide mushrooms every 15 days, and harvesting 4-stage tide mushrooms.
The preparation method of the mushroom bran feed comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) mushroom bran treatment: collecting mushroom bran produced after the collection of the tricholoma matsutake, and removing impurities mixed in the mushroom bran to obtain a mushroom bran standby material, wherein the water content of the mushroom bran standby material is 55-57%.
2) Preparing raw materials to be fermented: uniformly mixing 1000 parts by weight of mushroom residue, 100 parts by weight of animal manure, 20 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part by weight of microbial inoculum to obtain a raw material to be fermented.
3) Placing the raw materials to be fermented obtained in the step 2) in a fermentation place, building a fungus chaff fermentation pile, wherein the indoor temperature of the fermentation place is 20-35 ℃, the length of the fungus chaff fermentation pile is 5m, the height is 1.5m, the width is 1.5m, the water content of the raw materials to be fermented is 70%, the fungus chaff fermentation pile is fully covered with a plastic film, the pile is turned over every 5 days for ventilation, the ventilation is carried out for 2 hours every time, and the fungus chaff feed is obtained after fermentation for 15-35 days.
Wherein the phosphate fertilizer in the step 2) is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer produced by Xinhua phosphate fertilizer factory in Guizhou province.
The microbial inoculum in the step 2) is an EM microbial inoculum produced by Ningpo biological products company Limited.
The animal manure in the step 2) is cow manure or chicken manure.
The method for breeding the larvae of the platysternon leucotrichum comprises the following steps:
1) the construction of the breeding place of the platysternon megacephalum: a cultivation workshop is constructed at a position which is ventilated and close to a water source, an indoor three-dimensional layered cultivation method is adopted, cultivation boxes are placed on each layer of layered frame, and insect-proof nets cover the upper portions of the cultivation boxes respectively.
Wherein the shelf height is 2m, the length is 4m, the width is 50cm, the interval between the upper and lower layers is 30cm, the interval between the left and right layers is 50cm, and feeding boxes (45cm x 35cm x 20cm) are placed in each interval. The number of shelves or the scale of raising can be reasonably arranged according to the size of the breeding workshop.
Three-dimensional layer rack (4m x 2m x 0.5m), 2-instar rearing box (45cm x 35cm x 20cm), 3-instar rearing box (45cm x 35cm x 20cm) for seed larvae.
2) Adult breeding and egg hatching of the platysternon megacephalum: putting adult scarab beetles into each breeding box covered with the insect-proof net in the step 1), wherein the male-female ratio of the adult scarab beetles is 3:1, taking mushroom bran feed as a spawning substrate of the adult scarab beetles, the water content of the spawning substrate is 50%, the adult scarab beetles spawn eggs in the spawning substrate and hatch into larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles, feeding the adult scarab beetles and the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles with waste fruits containing sugar, sorting the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles into the breeding boxes of the 2 nd age, and breeding the larvae separately.
3) Breeding the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum: the temperature in the 2 nd-age rearing box in the step 2) is 24-32 ℃, 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae are fed with the mushroom bran feed, the ratio of the feeding weight of the mushroom bran feed in each 2 nd-age rearing box to the weight of the 2 nd-age larvae is 5:1, the water content of the mushroom bran feed for feeding the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae is 50-60%, when the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae grow to 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae, the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae are sorted into the 3 rd-age rearing box for rearing, excrement generated by the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae generated in the 2 nd-age rearing box is collected, the 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae are fed with the mushroom bran feed, the ratio of the weight of the 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae to the weight of the mushroom bran feed is 1:5, when the 3 rd-age spotted scarab seed source scarab larvae enter into the mature stage, the larvae are selected as larvae, the larvae are placed in the rearing box for rearing, and the rest of the, collecting the excrement generated by the larvae of the 3 rd-age platysternon megacephalum in the 3 rd-age feeding box.
4) Mixing the excrement generated by the 2 nd-age Chrysomyiame gacephala larvae and the excrement generated by the 3 rd-age Chrysomyiame gacephala larvae, airing or drying the mixture, and using the mixture as an agricultural organic fertilizer to be applied to crop planting.
Wherein, the larvae of 1-year platysternon megacephalum are larvae incubated for 1-7 days; the larvae of 2-year-old Scarabaeus brevitarsis are larvae incubated for 7-21 days; the larvae of the 3-year-old Scarabaeus brevitarsis are larvae which hatch for 21-84 days, and the mature larvae are larvae which hatch for more than 84 days.
Example 2
The same features of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment from those of embodiment 1 are:
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of rice hull, 10 parts of wood chip, 0.5 part of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part of plaster of paris.
The mushroom bran feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800 parts of fungus chaff after the collection of the pinus sylvestris, 80 parts of animal waste, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.1 part of microbial inoculum.
Example 3
The same features of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment from those of embodiment 1 are:
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of corn straws, 30 parts of rice hulls, 30 parts of wood chips, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 2 parts of plaster of paris.
The mushroom bran feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1200 of mushroom bran obtained after the collection of the tricholoma matsutake, 120 of animal wastes, 30 of phosphate fertilizer and 1 of microbial inoculum.
Example 4
The same features of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment from those of embodiment 1 are:
1. the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 98 parts of corn straws, 1 part of phosphate fertilizer and 1 part of plaster of paris.
2. The preparation method of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following steps of 1) raw material treatment: the method comprises the steps of selecting the mouldless corn straws harvested in the current year, crushing the corn straws into 2 cm sections, soaking the crushed corn straws with water, stopping soaking when the moisture in the corn straws reaches 70%, and taking the soaked corn straws as standby materials.
Example 5
The same features of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment from those of embodiment 1 are:
1. the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn straw 78, rice hull 20, phosphate fertilizer 1 and plaster of paris 1.
2. The preparation method of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following steps of 1) raw material treatment: selecting and using the mouldless corn straw harvested in the current year, crushing the corn straw into 2 cm sections, respectively soaking the crushed corn straw and the rice hull with water, stopping soaking when the moisture in the corn straw and the rice hull respectively reaches 70%, and uniformly mixing the soaked corn straw and the rice hull to obtain the standby material.
Table 1 shows the results of experiments conducted several times on the transformation efficiency of Tricholoma matsutake into Tricholoma matsutake cultivation materials in examples 1, 4 and 5
Watch 1
From the table one, it can be seen that the tricholoma matsutake cultivated by the formula of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material in example 1 has the highest absolute biological efficiency and the highest fungus chaff conversion rate.
Second, the content of the dry matter in the feces of the larvae of the platysternon leucocephala obtained by the drying or baking treatment in the step 4) of the method for breeding the larvae of the platysternon leucocephala in the example 1 is detected, and the detection result is shown in the second table
Watch two
The method for measuring the feces of the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum refers to NY525-2012 standard: measuring the content of organic matter by potassium dichromate volumetric method, measuring the content of nitrogen by half-micro Kjeldahl method, measuring the content of phosphorus by platinum yellow photometry, measuring the content of potassium by flame photometry, (the above measuring methods are well known to those skilled in the art, and need not be described in detail to reduce the size of the specification)
The appearance of the chafer larva feces is black brown, oval and good in granularity, and the organic matter content, the nitrogen content, the phosphorus pentoxide content and the potassium oxide content of the chafer larva feces are higher, so that secondary processing is not needed, and the chafer larva feces is a good agricultural organic fertilizer.
In the process of preparing the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material, cultivating the tricholoma matsutake, preparing the fungus chaff feed and breeding the larvae of the scarab beetle, the related technical parameters have synergistic effect to achieve the technical effect achieved in the application, and the detailed description is omitted due to space limitation.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A circulating mode cultivation method of corn straw-red pine antler-white star chafer comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking crushed corn straws, rice hulls and sawdust as main materials, adding phosphate fertilizer and plaster stone to prepare a red pine mushroom cultivation material, taking the red pine mushroom cultivation material as a culture medium of the red pine mushroom to cultivate the red pine mushroom, adding animal manure, phosphate fertilizer and microbial inoculum into fungus chaff generated after the red pine mushroom is harvested to prepare fungus chaff feed through fermentation, taking the fungus chaff feed as an egg laying substrate of adult chelonian and a feed of the larvae of the chelonian to breed the larvae of the chelonian, and using excrement generated by the larvae of the chelonian bred by the fungus chaff feed as an agricultural organic fertilizer for agricultural planting.
2. The circulating mode cultivation method of corn stalks, red pine mushrooms and white star-flower golden turtles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the red pine mushroom cultivation material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of corn straw, 10-30 parts of rice hull, 10-30 parts of wood chip, 0.5-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-2 parts of plaster of paris;
and/or the mushroom bran feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800-1200 parts of fungus chaff after the harvest of the pinus sylvestris, 80-120 parts of animal waste, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.1-1 part of microbial inoculum.
3. The circulating mode cultivation method of corn stalks, red pine mushrooms and white star-flower golden turtles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the red pine mushroom cultivation material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn straw 58, rice hull 20, wood chips 20, phosphate fertilizer 1 and plaster of paris 1;
and/or the mushroom bran feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of fungus chaff after the collection of the pinus sylvestris, 100 parts of animal waste, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial inoculum.
4. The method for cultivating Tricholoma matsutake cultivation material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for preparing the Tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following steps:
1) raw material treatment: selecting mouldless corn straws harvested in the current year, crushing the corn straws into 2 cm sections, respectively soaking the crushed corn straws, rice hulls and wood chips with water, stopping soaking when the moisture in the corn straws, the rice hulls and the wood chips reaches 70%, and mixing the soaked corn straws, the rice hulls and the wood chips to obtain a spare material;
2) building a pile: adding the phosphate fertilizer and the plaster stone weighed in the step 1) into the standby material obtained in the step 1) in sequence, uniformly mixing, and then building a material pile, wherein the length of the material pile is 5m, the height of the material pile is 2m, and the width of the material pile is at least 3 m;
3) fermentation: and (3) completely covering the material pile constructed in the step 2) with a black plastic film for fermentation, measuring the temperature in the material every 3 days in the fermentation process, controlling the temperature in the material at 40-60 ℃, turning over the material pile every 5 days for ventilation, wherein the ventilation time is 2 hours each time, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
1) site selection: selecting a soil base layer or a farmland under the forest as a cultivation land of the tricholoma matsutake;
2) cultivation: laying the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material into a cultivation material pile, covering a sunshade net at the top of the cultivation material pile to prevent direct irradiation of sunlight, wherein the width of a furrow of the cultivation material pile is 60cm, the height of the furrow is 60cm, the distance between the furrows is 30cm, the cultivation material pile is arranged into a turtle back shape with a high middle part and two low sides to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation, sowing the tricholoma matsutake on the cultivation material pile in 4 layers, the distance between each layer is 10cm, 300g-500g of strains are sown per square meter, and the uppermost layer is covered with straws or a thin film to preserve heat and moisture so as to obtain a culture medium;
3) spawn running: controlling the temperature in the culture medium obtained in the step 2) at 20-28 ℃, controlling the humidity in the culture medium at 65-75%, and covering soil with loose soil containing humus when hyphae grow to be more than 3/4 in the culture medium, wherein the thickness of the covering soil layer is 3-5 cm;
4) fruiting and harvesting: when hypha grows to a soil layer and begins to form a white primordium, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 85-95% and the temperature to be 15-25 ℃, starting harvesting first-stage tide mushrooms when the outer membranes of the sporophore pileus break and the inner coils of the pileus are not opened, harvesting first-stage tide mushrooms every 15 days, and harvesting 4-stage tide mushrooms.
6. The method for cultivating the corn stalk-red pine antler-white star chafer in the circulation mode according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation method of the fungus chaff feed comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) mushroom bran treatment: collecting mushroom bran generated after the collection of the tricholoma matsutake, and removing impurities mixed in the mushroom bran to obtain a mushroom bran standby material, wherein the water content of the mushroom bran standby material is 55-57%;
2) preparing raw materials to be fermented: uniformly mixing 1000 parts by weight of mushroom residue, 100 parts by weight of animal manure, 20 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 part by weight of microbial inoculum to obtain a raw material to be fermented;
3) placing the raw materials to be fermented obtained in the step 2) in a fermentation place, building a fungus chaff fermentation pile, wherein the indoor temperature of the fermentation place is 20-35 ℃, the length of the fungus chaff fermentation pile is 5m, the height is 1.5m, the width is 1.5m, the water content of the raw materials to be fermented is 70%, the fungus chaff fermentation pile is fully covered with a plastic film, the pile is turned over every 5 days for ventilation, the ventilation is carried out for 2 hours every time, and the fungus chaff feed is obtained after fermentation for 15-35 days.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the animal waste in step 2) is cow dung or chicken dung.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating larvae of the platysternon megacephalum comprises the steps of:
1) the construction of the breeding place of the platysternon megacephalum: a ventilated and water source-near place is selected to build a breeding workshop, an indoor three-dimensional layered-frame type breeding method is adopted, breeding boxes are placed on each layer of layered frame, and insect-proof nets are covered above each breeding box respectively;
2) adult breeding and egg hatching of the platysternon megacephalum: putting adult scarab beetles into each breeding box covered with the insect-proof net in the step 1), wherein the male-female ratio of the adult scarab beetles is 3:1, the mushroom bran feed is used as a spawning substrate of the adult scarab beetles, the water content of the spawning substrate is 50%, the adult scarab beetles spawn eggs in the spawning substrate and hatch into larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles, the adult scarab beetles and the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles are fed with waste fruits containing sugar, and when the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles grow to the 2 nd instar larvae, the larvae of the 1 st scarab beetles are sorted into the breeding boxes for individual breeding;
3) breeding the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum: the temperature in the 2 nd-age rearing box in the step 2) is 24-32 ℃, 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae are fed with the mushroom bran feed, the ratio of the feeding weight of the mushroom bran feed in each 2 nd-age rearing box to the weight of the 2 nd-age larvae is 5:1, the water content of the mushroom bran feed for feeding the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae is 50-60%, when the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae grow to 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae, the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae are sorted into the 3 rd-age rearing box for rearing, excrement generated by the 2 nd-age spotted scarab larvae generated in the 2 nd-age rearing box is collected, the 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae are fed with the mushroom bran feed, the ratio of the weight of the 3 rd-age spotted scarab larvae to the weight of the mushroom bran feed is 1:5, when the 3 rd-age spotted scarab seed source scarab larvae enter into the mature stage, the larvae are selected as larvae, the larvae are placed in the rearing box for rearing, and the rest of the, collecting excrement generated by larvae of the 3 rd-age platysternon megacephalum in the 3 rd-age feeding box;
4) mixing the excrement generated by the 2 nd-age Chrysomyiame gacephala larvae and the excrement generated by the 3 rd-age Chrysomyiame gacephala larvae, airing or drying the mixture, and using the mixture as an agricultural organic fertilizer to be applied to crop planting.
9. The recycling-mode cultivation method of corn stalks, tricholoma matsutake and chafer of claim 8, wherein said mushroom bran feed is the mushroom bran feed of claim 1.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the larvae of platysternon megacephalum are larvae that have hatched for 1-7 days; the 2-instar platysternon megacephalum larvae are larvae incubated for 7-21 days; the larvae of the 3-year-old potamoeba stananthe are larvae which hatch for 21-84 days, and the mature larvae are larvae which hatch for more than 84 days.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111345268A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-30 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Method for breeding platysternon megacephalum larvae in field and application of larvae and insect feces |
| CN112205359A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-12 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles |
| CN114651794A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-06-24 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Large-scale breeding method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles |
| CN115067285A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-09-20 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for obtaining platysternon megacephalum breeding harlequin fleahopper harleys by using wild rice stem straws |
-
2018
- 2018-08-07 CN CN201810890662.9A patent/CN110810117A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111345268A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-30 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Method for breeding platysternon megacephalum larvae in field and application of larvae and insect feces |
| CN112205359A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-12 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles |
| CN114651794A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-06-24 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Large-scale breeding method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles |
| CN114651794B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-02-24 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Large-scale breeding method for improving egg laying amount of adult scarab beetles |
| CN115067285A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-09-20 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for obtaining platysternon megacephalum breeding harlequin fleahopper harleys by using wild rice stem straws |
| CN115067285B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-12-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for obtaining white star flower scarab breeding furgus lucorum by using cane shoot straw |
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