CN112354516B - 一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical group N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法及其应用,属于污泥资源化利用技术领域。本发明的目的在于充分利用污水污泥、赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥、高含铁量粉煤灰和酸洗废水等市政与工业废物,以固体废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭:含水率低于15%的干化污泥、固态铁源通过机械粉碎并混合均匀;连续式热解,热解温度400‑800℃,固体物料在装置中停留时间20‑120min,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可;本发明制备纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料中,材料内核与壳体均具有磁性,可实现高效回收利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污泥资源化利用技术领域,具体涉及一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着我国污水处理规模的高速增长,污水污泥产量已超过3000万吨/年,亟需开发污泥安全处理处置与资源化利用技术。目前,污水污泥材料化利用主要包括制备吸附材料、催化材料与土壤改良材料等。目前污泥制备的吸附材料与催化材料普遍存在制备成本高、材料性能低、材料附加值低、适应性差等问题,难以实现规模化应用。纳米磁性核壳材料具有较高的比表面积、良好的吸附性能与催化性能。目前,纳米磁性核壳材料主要由成本较高的工业级化学品制备,成本较高。若能充分利用污水污泥、赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥、高含铁量粉煤灰和酸洗废水等市政与工业废物制备出高性能纳米磁性核壳材料,不但可以实现废物无资源化利用,而且可以制备出可应用于水处理的高性能材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于充分利用污水污泥、赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥、高含铁量粉煤灰和酸洗废水等市政与工业废物,提供一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法及其应用,实现了废物无资源化利用,应用于水处理。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法,所述方法具体如下:
步骤一:磁性污泥基生物炭制备的前处理过程,具体有如下两种形式:
方式一:以固体废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭:含水率低于15%的干化污泥、固态铁源通过机械粉碎并混合均匀;
方式二:以廉价液态废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭核:脱水/干化污泥、液态铁源搅拌并混合均匀后,热干化至含水率低于15%并粉碎;
步骤二:磁性污泥基生物炭材料热解制备过程,具体有如下两种形式:
方式一:连续式热解,热解温度400-800℃,固体物料在装置中停留时间20-120min,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可;
方式二:间歇式热解,热解温度400-800℃,升温速率10-100℃/min,热解温度停留时间20-120mi,装置内通入保护气氛,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果为:
1、本发明提供了一种新型的高附加值污泥基材料制备技术,与污水污泥直接热解制备的污泥基吸附剂相比,比表面积可提升2~10倍以上;吸附去除水中磷酸盐、抗生素、COD等,去除率提升50%以上;磁性提升5~10倍以上,可通过永磁与电磁两种方式实现磁性吸附材料与水快速分离。
2、传统磁性材料制备铁源为铁盐等化工药剂,价格较高。本发明铁源为赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥、高含铁量粉煤灰和酸洗废水等,铁源几乎零成本甚至有收益,大大降低了磁性材料制备成本。
3、与传统污泥基磁性材料制备工艺均采用铁盐溶液不同,当铁源为固态时,本发明中采用球磨等机械化学方式进行混合,减少传统铁源混合后干化过程,大幅降低污泥基磁性材料制备工艺成本。
4、本发明制备纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料中,材料内核与壳体均具有磁性,可有效避免在磁性核壳材料催化氧化应用中,因磁性外壳被氧化导致材料丧失磁性而无法实现催化回收。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
本发明的原理,赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥、高含铁量粉煤灰和酸洗废水等与污泥混合后热解,污泥热解过程中产生的还原性气体将三价铁盐与三氧化二铁等还原生成具有磁性的Fe3O4;三价铁盐、三氧化二铁,赤泥中的氢氧化钙、氢氧化钠,酸洗废水中的酸在热解过程中可以起到活化剂与造孔剂的作用,提高污泥基生物炭的比表面积,同时增加了污泥基生物炭表面的正电荷吸附点位及金属离子催化点位。铁基包覆溶液可以在磁性污泥基生物炭表面均匀的沉积纳米尺度的Fe3O4,形成纳米Fe3O4壳体,进一步增强磁性污泥基生物炭的表面吸附性能与催化性能,最终制成一种具有良好吸附性能、催化性能与磁分离性能的纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式记载的是一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法,所述方法具体如下:
步骤一:磁性污泥基生物炭制备的前处理过程,具体有如下两种形式:
方式一:以固体废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭:含水率低于15%的干化污泥、固态铁源通过机械粉碎并混合均匀,可根据需要决定是否加入造孔剂;
方式二:以廉价液态废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭核:脱水/干化污泥、液态铁源搅拌并混合均匀后,热干化至含水率低于15%并粉碎;
步骤二:磁性污泥基生物炭材料热解制备过程,具体有如下两种形式:
方式一:连续式热解,热解温度400-800℃(温度低于400℃时,热解不完全,原料中三价铁化合物分解还原不彻底,磁性较差;温度高于800℃,大于Fe3O4居里点,造成磁性下降),固体物料在装置中停留时间20-120min(根据污泥中有机质含量确定热解停留时间,污泥中有机质含量30%-70%之间,有机质含量低,选择较短的停留时间;有机质含量高,选择较长的停留时间),通过热解产生气体排除装置内空气实现绝氧环境并进一步产生还原氛围,实现高价铁还原,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可;
方式二:间歇式热解,热解温度400-800℃(温度低于400℃时,热解不完全,原料中三价铁化合物分解还原不彻底,磁性较差;温度高于800℃,大于Fe3O4居里点,造成磁性下降),升温速率10-100℃/min,热解温度停留时间20-120min(根据污泥中有机质含量确定热解停留时间,污泥中有机质含量30%-70%之间,有机质含量低,选择较短的停留时间;有机质含量高,选择较长的停留时间),通过装置内通入保护气氛(氮气、氩气、二氧化碳或水蒸气中的一种或多种)实现绝氧环境并进一步产生还原氛围,实现高价铁还原,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可。
具体实施方式二:具体实施方式一所述的一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法,步骤一中,所述固态铁源为赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥或高含铁量粉煤灰中的一种或多种。
具体实施方式三:具体实施方式一所述的一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法,步骤一中,所述液态铁源为酸洗废水。
具体实施方式四:具体实施方式一所述的一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法,步骤一中,所述造孔剂为氢氧化钾、磷酸或氯化锌中的一种或多种。
具体实施方式五:具体实施方式一所述的一种污泥制备磁性污泥基生物炭材料的方法,步骤一中,所述机械粉碎为球磨混合。
具体实施方式六:一种具体实施方式一至五任一项制备的磁性污泥基生物炭材料的应用,在催化臭氧氧化、芬顿氧化、过硫酸盐氧化中用作高级氧化催化剂,失效后催化剂可通过磁场进行回收;在污水强化一级处理、出水强化除磷、强化抗生素去除中用作吸附剂,通过磁场进行回收;在磁混凝工艺中用作磁性混凝助剂,通过磁场进行回收。
具体实施方式七:一种具体实施方式一至五任一项制备的磁性污泥基生物炭材料的应用,用于制备纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料,具体为:惰性气氛中加入铁基包覆溶液,pH缓冲溶液(pH 8~12),无水乙醇与脱氧蒸馏水,连续搅拌30-120min后过滤,脱氧蒸馏水冲洗干净,在70-105℃条件下干燥,即制备出纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料。
具体实施方式八:具体实施方式七所述的一种磁性污泥基生物炭材料的应用,所述铁基包覆溶液中Fe3+/Fe2+摩尔比为1~2:1。
具体实施方式九:具体实施方式七所述的一种磁性污泥基生物炭材料的应用,制备的纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料具体在催化臭氧氧化、芬顿氧化、过硫酸盐氧化中用作高级氧化催化剂,失效后催化剂可通过磁场进行回收;在污水强化一级处理、出水强化除磷、强化抗生素去除中用作吸附剂,通过磁场进行回收;在磁混凝工艺中用作磁性混凝助剂,通过磁场进行回收。
实施例1:
某污水处理厂干化污泥,含水率13%,加入30%拜耳法赤泥,通过球磨机机械化学粉碎并混合均匀。均匀物料通过连续式热解制备磁性污泥基生物炭,热解温度为650℃,在装置中停留时间40min,磁性污泥基生物炭经过精细球磨粉碎至1000nm以下,惰性气体氛围中加入铁基包覆溶液(Fe3+/Fe2+=1:1-2:1,溶剂为水),pH缓冲溶液(pH 9),无水乙醇与脱氧蒸馏水,连续搅拌60min后过滤,脱氧蒸馏水冲洗干净,在105℃条件下干燥,即可制备出纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料。纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料应用于某化工废水中苯胺类有机污染物过硫酸盐催化氧化催化剂,投加量为200mg/L,苯胺去除率比不投加催化剂提升80%以上,反应后催化剂通过电磁回收装置进行回收,催化剂分离时间比通过沉淀分离无磁性催化剂减少90%以上。
实施例2:
某污水处理厂干化污泥,含水率15%,加入20%赤铁矿与25%KOH,通过球磨机机械化学粉碎并混合均匀。均匀物料通过连续式热解制备磁性污泥基生物炭,热解温度为650℃,在装置中停留时间40min,磁性污泥基生物炭经过精细球磨粉碎至1000nm以下,惰性气体氛围中加入铁基包覆溶液(Fe3+/Fe2+=1:1-2:1),pH缓冲溶液(pH 9),无水乙醇与脱氧蒸馏水,连续搅拌60min后过滤,脱氧蒸馏水冲洗干净,在105℃条件下干燥,即可制备出纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料。纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料应用于某化工废水中苯胺类有机污染物芬顿催化氧化催化剂,投加量为300mg/L,苯胺去除率比不投加催化剂提升85%以上,反应后催化剂通过电磁回收装置进行回收,催化剂分离时间比通过沉淀分离无磁性催化剂减少90%以上。
实施例3:
某污水处理厂干化污泥,含水率12%,加入含铁量3.5%酸洗废水后混合均匀进行脱水、热干化至含水率低于15%,干化后物料采用球磨机粉碎均匀。均匀物料通过连续式热解制备磁性污泥基生物炭,热解温度为650℃,在装置中停留时间40min,磁性污泥基生物炭经过精细球磨粉碎至1000nm以下,惰性气体氛围中加入铁基包覆溶液(Fe3+/Fe2+=1:1-2:1),pH缓冲溶液(pH 9),无水乙醇与脱氧蒸馏水,连续搅拌60min后过滤,脱氧蒸馏水冲洗干净,在105℃条件下干燥,即可制备出纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料。纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料应用于某化工废水中苯胺类有机污染物过硫酸盐催化氧化催化剂,投加量为200mg/L,苯胺去除率比不投加催化剂提升80%以上,反应后催化剂通过电磁回收装置进行回收,催化剂分离时间比通过沉淀分离无磁性催化剂减少90%以上。
实施例4:
本实施例与实施例1不同的是,采用间歇式热解,热解温度600℃,升温速率50℃/min,热解温度停留时间100min,通过装置内通入氩气实现绝氧环境并进一步产生还原氛围,实现高价铁还原,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可。纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料应用于某抗生素发酵废水中青霉素残留(1mg/L)的强化去除,投加量为250mg/L,青霉素去除率在99%以上,吸附后催化剂通过电磁回收装置进行回收,催化剂分离时间比通过沉淀分离无磁性催化剂减少90%以上。
实施例5:
本实施例与实施例1不同的是,采用间歇式热解,热解温度700℃,升温速率70℃/min,热解温度停留时间60min,通过装置内通入氩气实现绝氧环境并进一步产生还原氛围,实现高价铁还原,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下即可。纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料应用于某制药废水中四环素残留(1mg/L)的强化去除,投加量为250mg/L,四环素去除率在99%以上,吸附后催化剂通过电磁回收装置进行回收,催化剂分离时间比通过沉淀分离无磁性催化剂减少90%以上。
实施例6:
某污水处理厂干化污泥,含水率13%,加入30%拜耳法赤泥,通过球磨机机械化学粉碎并混合均匀。均匀物料通过连续式热解制备磁性污泥基生物炭,热解温度为650℃,在装置中停留时间40min,磁性污泥基生物炭经过精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下,磁性污泥基生物炭99%以上可被铁如硼磁铁分离。磁性污泥基生物炭应用于某含磷废水处理,投加量为200mg/L,其中无机磷酸盐去除率为96%以上,吸附后磁性污泥基生物炭通过磁场回收率达到90%以上,分离时间比通过沉淀分离减少90%以上。
Claims (4)
1.一种纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法具体如下:
步骤一:磁性污泥基生物炭制备的前处理过程,具体有如下两种形式:
方式一:以固体废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭:含水率低于15%的干化污泥、固态铁源通过机械粉碎并混合均匀,造孔剂为氢氧化钾、磷酸或氯化锌中的一种或多种;所述固态铁源为赤铁矿、铁锈、拜耳法赤泥或高含铁量粉煤灰中的一种或多种;所述机械粉碎为球磨混合;
方式二:以廉价液态废弃物铁源制备磁性污泥基生物炭:脱水/干化污泥、液态铁源搅拌并混合均匀后,热干化至含水率低于15%并粉碎;所述液态铁源为酸洗废水;
步骤二:磁性污泥基生物炭材料热解制备过程,具体有如下两种形式:
方式一:连续式热解,热解温度400-800℃,固体物料在装置中停留时间20-120min,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下;
方式二:间歇式热解,热解温度400-800℃,升温速率10-100℃/min,热解温度停留时间20-120min,装置内通入保护气氛,精细球磨粉碎至100μm以下;
步骤三:惰性气氛中加入铁基包覆溶液,pH缓冲溶液,无水乙醇与脱氧蒸馏水,连续搅拌30-120min后过滤,脱氧蒸馏水冲洗干净,在70-105℃条件下干燥,即制备出纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,制备的磁性污泥基生物炭材料的应用,具体为在催化臭氧氧化、芬顿氧化、过硫酸盐氧化中用作高级氧化催化剂,失效后催化剂通过磁场进行回收;在污水强化一级处理、出水强化除磷、强化抗生素去除中用作吸附剂,通过磁场进行回收;在磁混凝工艺中用作磁性混凝助剂,通过磁场进行回收。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铁基包覆溶液中Fe3+/Fe2+摩尔比为1~2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:制备的纳米Fe3O4/磁性污泥基生物炭核壳材料具体在催化臭氧氧化、芬顿氧化、过硫酸盐氧化中用作高级氧化催化剂,失效后催化剂通过磁场进行回收;在污水强化一级处理、出水强化除磷、强化抗生素去除中用作吸附剂,通过磁场进行回收;在磁混凝工艺中用作磁性混凝助剂,通过磁场进行回收。
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