CN112293127A - Cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293127A CN112293127A CN202011171770.4A CN202011171770A CN112293127A CN 112293127 A CN112293127 A CN 112293127A CN 202011171770 A CN202011171770 A CN 202011171770A CN 112293127 A CN112293127 A CN 112293127A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation; according to the cultivation method, the aims of improving the biomass and the nutritive value of the leaves are fulfilled through stumping and fostering after transplanting and application of formula fertilizers. The leaf biomass of the acanthopanax seedling treated by the cultivation method is remarkably improved, and the leaf biomass comprises leaf unfolding area, leaf quality and leaf dry weight; the main nutrient components including rutin, isofraxidin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are also obviously improved, and the economic benefit of acanthopanax senticosus forest is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf.
Background
Acanthopanax senticosus (rupr. et Maxim.) Harms is a traditional medicinal and economic tree species in China, and is currently distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and the like in China. Since the root and stem of acanthopanax senticosus have been used as raw materials, the resource is scarce, and the feasibility of using acanthopanax senticosus leaves to replace the root and stem is gradually researched. Modern pharmacological studies show that acanthopanax leaf has the effects of protecting cardiovascular system, resisting virus, enhancing immunity, resisting fatigue and the like. At present, acanthopanax leaf has been used for developing food and health care products, has certain clinical application and is a Chinese medicinal material with high development value. Due to the great improvement of the economic value of the acanthopanax leaf, the cultivation method for improving the biomass of the edible acanthopanax leaf is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf, which can significantly promote growth of acanthopanax and improve nutritive value of acanthopanax.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf, comprising the following steps: (1) performing stumping and tending on the seedlings of the acanthopanax senticosus in the current 4 months of the year, and reserving 2-3 bud points during stumping;
(2) and applying a formula fertilizer after stumping and nurturing, wherein the nutrient components of the formula fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, and the mass ratio of the nutrient components is 1 (1.2-2) to 0.8-1.2.
Preferably, the acanthopanax seedlings in the step (1) are 2-year-old seedlings, and the transplanting row spacing is 1-1.5 m multiplied by 1.5-3 m.
Preferably, during transplanting in the step (1), the length, the width and the depth of the transplanted planting pits are 35-45 cm, 35-45 cm.
Preferably, after the transplanting in the step (1), the method further comprises watering the roots.
Preferably, the formulated fertilizer is applied along with water in the step (2), and the formulated fertilizer is applied once a year, and the dosage of each time is 60-70 kg/mu.
Preferably, spraying a water-soluble Cu fertilizer after the stumping and nurturing.
Preferably, the water-soluble Cu fertilizer comprises CuSO4The aqueous solution of (1), the CuSO4In aqueous solution of (2) CuSO4The mass percentage of the component (A) is 0.01-0.03%.
Preferably, the spraying amount of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is 2-3 kg per plant.
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf, which achieves the purpose of improving the biomass and nutritive value of the leaf through stumping and nurturing after transplanting and applying a formula fertilizer. In the embodiment of the invention, compared with a blank control group, the acanthopanax seedling treated by the cultivation method has the advantages that the leaf expanding area is increased by 0.34-0.52 times, the leaf mass is increased by 0.67-0.92 times, and the dry weight of the leaf is increased by 0.46-0.55 times; the main nutrient components of rutin accumulation are improved by 0.16-0.35 times, the isofraxidin accumulation is improved by 0.12-0.20 times, the oleanolic acid accumulation is improved by 0.21-0.37 times, the ursolic acid accumulation is improved by 0.13-0.29 times, and the economic benefit of acanthopanax senticosus forest is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the leaf morphology of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf, comprising the following steps: (1) performing stumping and tending on the seedlings of the acanthopanax senticosus in the current 4 months of the year, and reserving 2-3 bud points during stumping;
(2) and applying a formula fertilizer after stumping and nurturing, wherein the nutrient components of the formula fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, and the mass ratio is 1 (1.2-2) to (0.8-1.2).
The method is used for stumping and nurturing the acanthopanax seedlings in 4 months in the same year, and 2-3 bud points are reserved during stumping. The acanthopanax senticosus seedlings are preferably 2-year-old seedlings, and the transplanting row spacing is preferably 1-1.5 m multiplied by 1.5-3 m, and more preferably 1m multiplied by 1.5 m. During transplanting, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth of a transplanted planting pit is preferably 35-45 cm multiplied by 35-45 cm, and more preferably 40cm multiplied by 40m multiplied by 40 cm. The transplanting method is not specially limited, preferably, the root system is kept complete during transplanting, acanthopanax seedlings are vertically placed in holes, soil is covered for field planting, the acanthopanax seedlings are lifted lightly to avoid root nesting, and root fixing water is poured.
The method is used for stumping and nurturing the acanthopanax senticosus seedlings in 4 months of the year of transplantation, the stumps are preferably cut off at a height of 10-15 cm from the base part to form a flush cut, and 2-3 bud points need to be reserved below the cut. In the method, the cutting is carried out at a position 10-15 cm away from the ground during stumping, survival of the acanthopanax seedlings is facilitated, the cut is level and level, damage of the acanthopanax seedlings caused by exposure of phloem can be prevented, and 2-3 bud points are reserved below the cut to promote germination of new branches.
The formula fertilizer is applied after stumping and nurturing, wherein the nutrient content of the formula fertilizer is calculated by N, P and K, the mass ratio of the nutrient content is 1 (1.2-2) to (0.8-1.2), and the optimal ratio is 1:1.5: 1. The specific components of the formula fertilizer are not particularly limited, and the mass ratio of N, P to K can be met. The formula fertilizer is preferably applied along with water, the formula fertilizer is applied once a year, and the dosage of each time is preferably 60-70 kg/mu. The fertilizer formula can promote the growth of the lateral branches of acanthopanax and the accumulation of active ingredients, and the proportion of the rhizome to the lateral branches can better promote the growth of acanthopanax seedlings.
According to the invention, after the stumping and nurturing, the method preferably further comprises the step of spraying a water-soluble Cu fertilizer, wherein the water-soluble Cu fertilizer preferably comprises CuSO4The aqueous solution of (1), the CuSO4In aqueous solution of (2) CuSO4The content of (b) is preferably 0.01 to 0.03% by mass, more preferably 0.02% by mass. The invention sprays the water-soluble Cu fertilizerThe application time is not specially limited, and the fertilizer can be used together with the formula fertilizer or sprayed after the formula fertilizer. The spraying amount of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is preferably 2-3 kg per plant. The water-soluble Cu fertilizer can further promote the accumulation of active ingredients in the acanthopanax leaf. The formula fertilizer is combined with the water-soluble Cu fertilizer, so that the growth of the lateral branches of the acanthopanax is promoted, and the accumulation amount of active ingredients of the acanthopanax is increased, and the yield and the nutritive value of leaves are increased.
The cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax senticosus leaves provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
One control group and two treatment groups are set for the transplanted acanthopanax seedlings (grown in 2 years). The control group (CK) is acanthopanax seedlings (royal, kohloa, sun lina, acanthopanax artificial cultivation technology [ J ] Chinese agricultural information, 2016(22):91-92.) which are planted in a standardized manner according to the royal and Jiaojiao after being transplanted, the processing group 1(T1) is used for stumping after being transplanted, and the processing group 2(T2) is used for stumping and formula fertilization after being transplanted. The growth conditions of the treatment groups are the same except for stubble leveling and formulated fertilization.
Randomly selecting 10 seedlings from each treatment group, monitoring indexes such as biomass and the like, measuring the leaf spreading area, the leaf mass and the dry weight of the leaves of the acanthopanax senticosus after 3 months of treatment, measuring the contents of rutin, isofraxidin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in the leaves by using an LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) technology, wherein standard curves of active ingredients are respectively as follows:
rutin y is 2E +08x +46059 (R)20.9999) formula I;
isofraxidin y ═ 7E +07x +5358.3 (R)20.9999) formula II;
oleanolic acid y ═ 3E +07x +37388 (R)20.9993) formula III;
ursolic acid y ═ 2E +08x +33494 (R)20.9997) formula IV;
as shown in fig. 1 and tables 1 to 2, the leaf area, leaf mass and dry weight of acanthopanax leaf were significantly improved compared to the control group by the stubble leveling treatment groups T1 and T2. The stumping treatment is proved to improve the biomass of the leaves; according to the treatment group T2 of formula fertilization, the contents of active ingredients of rutin, isofraxidin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in the acanthopanax leaf are all remarkably improved, and the compound fertilizer in the proportion is proved to be capable of improving the nutritional value of the acanthopanax leaf.
TABLE 1 different treatment of biomass of leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus
TABLE 2 content of active ingredients in Acanthopanax senticosus leaf under different treatments
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaf is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) performing stumping and tending on the seedlings of the acanthopanax senticosus in the current 4 months of the year, and reserving 2-3 bud points during stumping;
(2) and applying a formula fertilizer after stumping and nurturing, wherein the nutrient components of the formula fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, and the mass ratio is 1 (1.2-2) to (0.8-1.2).
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings in the step (1) are 2-year-old seedlings, and the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings is 1-1.5 m x 1.5-3 m.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length x width x depth of the planting hole is 35 to 45cm x 35 to 45cm when transplanting in step (1).
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising watering the roots after the transplanting in step (1).
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the formulated fertilizer is applied with water in step (2) once a year at a dosage of 60-70 kg/mu.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising spraying a water-soluble Cu fertilizer after the stumping and nurturing.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the water-soluble Cu fertilizer comprises CuSO4The aqueous solution of (1), the CuSO4In aqueous solution of (2) CuSO4The mass percentage of the component (A) is 0.01-0.03%.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the spraying amount of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is 2-3 kg/plant.
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