CN112293127B - Cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293127B CN112293127B CN202011171770.4A CN202011171770A CN112293127B CN 112293127 B CN112293127 B CN 112293127B CN 202011171770 A CN202011171770 A CN 202011171770A CN 112293127 B CN112293127 B CN 112293127B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation; according to the cultivation method, the purposes of improving the biomass and the nutritive value of the leaves are achieved through stumping and tending after transplanting and formula fertilizer application. The biomass of the leaves of the acanthopanax seedlings treated by the cultivation method is obviously improved, and the biomass comprises the leaf spreading area, the leaf quality and the leaf dry weight of the leaves; the main nutritional ingredients including rutin, isofraxidin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are also obviously improved, and the economic benefit of acanthopanax is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves.
Background
Acanthopanax (Acanthopanax senticosus (rupr. Et maxim.) Harms) is a traditional medicinal and economic tree species in China, and is currently distributed in places such as Heilongjiang, jilin, liaoning, hebei and Shanxi in China. Since the acanthopanax root is mainly used as a rhizome medicament in the past, the resources of the acanthopanax root are scarce, so that people gradually begin to research the feasibility of using acanthopanax leaves to replace the rhizome medicament. Modern pharmacological researches have shown that acanthopanax leaves have the effects of protecting cardiovascular system, resisting virus, enhancing immunity, resisting fatigue and the like. At present, acanthopanax leaves are already used for developing foods and health care products, have certain clinical application and are Chinese medicinal materials with great development value. Because the economic value of the acanthopanax leaves is greatly improved, the cultivation method for improving the biomass of the edible acanthopanax leaves is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the biomass and the nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves, which can obviously promote the growth and the nutritive value of acanthopanax.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves, which comprises the following steps: (1) Stumping and tending are carried out in 4 months of the current year of acanthopanax seedling transplanting, and 2-3 bud points are reserved during stumping;
(2) And (2) applying a formula fertilizer after stumping and tending, wherein the nutrient components of the formula fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, and the mass ratio is 1 (1.2-2) (0.8-1.2).
Preferably, the acanthopanax root seedlings in the step (1) are 2-year-old seedlings, and the row spacing of transplanted plants is 1-1.5 m multiplied by 1.5-3 m.
Preferably, in the transplanting in the step (1), the length, width and depth of the transplanted field planting pit are 35-45 cm, 35-45 cm and 35-45 cm.
Preferably, after the transplanting in the step (1), root setting water is further poured.
Preferably, the formulated fertilizer is applied along with water in the step (2), and is applied once a year, and the dosage of the formulated fertilizer is 60-70 kg/mu each time.
Preferably, the method further comprises spraying a water-soluble Cu fertilizer after the stumping and tending.
Preferably, the water-soluble Cu fertilizer comprises CuSO 4 Is an aqueous solution of CuSO 4 CuSO in aqueous solution of (C) 4 The mass percentage of the (B) is 0.01-0.03%.
Preferably, the spraying amount of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is 2-3 kg/plant.
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves, which achieves the aim of improving the biomass and nutritive value of the leaves through stumping and tending after transplanting and formula fertilizer application. In the embodiment of the invention, compared with a blank control group, the acanthopanax seedlings treated by the cultivation method have the advantages that the leaf expanding area of the leaves is increased by 0.34-0.52 times, the leaf mass is increased by 0.67-0.92 times, and the leaf dry weight is increased by 0.46-0.55 times; the accumulation amount of the main nutrient component rutin is increased by 0.16-0.35 times, the accumulation amount of the isofraxidin is increased by 0.12-0.20 times, the accumulation amount of oleanolic acid is increased by 0.21-0.37 times, the accumulation amount of ursolic acid is increased by 0.13-0.29 times, and the economic benefit of acanthopanax bark is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a leaf morphology comparison chart of acanthopanax seedlings.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves, which comprises the following steps: (1) Stumping and tending are carried out in 4 months of the current year of acanthopanax seedling transplanting, and 2-3 bud points are reserved during stumping;
(2) And (2) applying a formula fertilizer after stumping and tending, wherein the nutrient components of the formula fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, and the mass ratio is 1 (1.2-2) (0.8-1.2).
The invention carries out stumping and tending on the current 4 months of acanthopanax seedling transplanting, and 2-3 bud points are reserved during stumping. The acanthopanax seedling is preferably a 2-year-old seedling, and the row spacing of the transplanted acanthopanax seedling is preferably 1-1.5mx1.5-3 m, and more preferably 1 mx1.5 m. In the transplanting of the invention, the length X width X depth of the transplanted field planting pit is preferably 35-45 cm X35-45 cm, more preferably 40cm X40 m X40 cm. The transplanting method is not particularly limited, preferably, the root system is kept complete during transplanting, the acanthopanax seedlings are vertically placed in holes, soil is covered for field planting, the acanthopanax seedlings are lifted lightly to avoid root nesting, and water for root setting is poured.
In the invention, the acanthopanax seedlings are stumpified and nurtured in 4 months of the current year of transplanting, the stumpified is preferably cut off at the height of 10-15 cm from the base part to form a flush incision, and 2-3 bud points are required to be reserved below the incision. In the invention, when stubble cutting is carried out, the root cutting is carried out at the position 10-15 cm away from the ground, which is more favorable for survival of acanthopanax root seedlings, the cut is flush, the acanthopanax root seedlings are prevented from being damaged due to exposure of phloem, and 2-3 bud points are reserved below the cut, so that the purpose of promoting germination of new branches is achieved.
According to the invention, the formulated fertilizer is applied after stumping and tending, and the nutritional ingredients of the formulated fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, wherein the mass ratio is 1 (1.2-2) (0.8-1.2), and preferably 1:1.5:1. The specific components of the formula fertilizer are not particularly limited, and the mass ratio of N, P to K can be met. The formulated fertilizer is preferably applied with water once per year, and the dosage is preferably 60-70 kg/mu each time. The formula fertilizer provided by the invention can promote the growth of the lateral branches of acanthopanax and promote the accumulation of active ingredients, and the ratio of the rootstock to the lateral branches can better promote the growth of the acanthopanax seedlings under the formula.
The invention preferably further comprises spraying water-soluble Cu fertilizer after stumping and tending, wherein the water-soluble Cu fertilizer preferably comprises CuSO 4 Is an aqueous solution of CuSO 4 CuSO in aqueous solution of (C) 4 The content of (2) is preferably 0.01 to 0.03% by mass, more preferably 0.02% by mass. The spraying time of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the water-soluble Cu fertilizer can be used together with the formulated fertilizer or can be sprayed after the formulated fertilizer. The spraying amount of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is preferably 2-3 kg/plant. The water-soluble Cu fertilizer can further promote the accumulation of active ingredients in acanthopanax leaves. The formula fertilizer of the invention can be combined with water-soluble Cu fertilizer to promoteThe growth of the acanthopanax senticosus side branches is improved, and meanwhile, the accumulation amount of active ingredients is increased, so that the leaf yield and the nutritional value are improved.
The cultivation method for improving the biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A control group and two treatment groups are arranged for the transplanted acanthopanax seedlings (2 years old). Wherein the control group (CK) is acanthopanax seedling (Wang Jiao, ge Maoyuan, sun Lina) which is planted in a standardized way according to Wang Jiao and the like after transplanting, the acanthopanax artificial cultivation technology [ J ]. Chinese agriculture information 2016 (22): 91-92.), the treatment group 1 (T1) is stubble leveling treatment after transplanting, and the treatment group 2 (T2) is stubble leveling treatment and formula fertilization after transplanting. The treatment group has the same growth conditions except for stumping and formulated fertilization.
10 seedlings are randomly selected for monitoring indexes such as biomass and the like in each treatment group, the leaf spreading area, the leaf mass and the leaf dry weight of acanthopanax leaves are measured after 3 months of treatment, the content of rutin, isofraxidin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in the leaves is measured by using an LC-MS technology, and standard curves of active components are respectively as follows:
rutin=2e+08x+46059 (R 2 =0.9999) formula I;
isofraxidin y=7e+07x+5358.3 (R 2 =0.9999) formula II;
oleanolic acid y=3e+07x+37388 (R 2 =0.9993) formula III;
ursolic acid y=2e+08x+33494 (R 2 =0.9997) formula IV;
as shown in fig. 1 and tables 1 to 2, the spreading area, the leaf quality and the leaf dry weight of the acanthopanax leaves are remarkably improved compared with the control group through the treatment groups T1 and T2 of stumping. The stubble leveling treatment can improve the biomass of the leaves; the content of the active ingredients rutin, isozindine, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in the acanthopanax leaves is obviously improved through the treatment group T2 of formulated fertilization, and the compound fertilizer with the proportion is proved to be capable of improving the nutritional value of the acanthopanax leaves.
TABLE 1 different treatments of Acanthopanax senticosus leaf biomass
TABLE 2 content of active ingredients in Acanthopanax senticosus leaves under different treatments
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for improving biomass and nutritive value of acanthopanax leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Stumping and tending are carried out in the current year of 4 months of acanthopanax seedling transplanting, wherein stumping is to cut off at the height of 10-15 cm from the basal part to form a flush incision, and 2-3 bud points are reserved below the incision;
(2) After stumping and tending, applying a formula fertilizer, wherein the nutrient components of the formula fertilizer are calculated by N, P and K, and the mass ratio is 1 (1.2-2) (0.8-1.2); the formulated fertilizer is applied along with water, and is applied once a year, and the dosage of the formulated fertilizer is 60-70 kg/mu each time; spraying a water-soluble Cu fertilizer after the stumping and tending; the spraying amount of the water-soluble Cu fertilizer is 2-3 kg/plant.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the acanthopanax seedling in the step (1) is a 2-year-old seedling, and the plant-row spacing of the transplanting is 1-1.5 m×1.5-3 m.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transplanting field planting pit in step (1) has a length x width x depth of 35-45 cm x 35-45 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising watering the roots after said transplanting in step (1).
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble Cu fertilizer comprises CuSO 4 Is an aqueous solution of CuSO 4 CuSO in aqueous solution of (C) 4 The mass percentage of the (B) is 0.01-0.03%.
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