CN112243821A - Novel planting method of tetrandra root - Google Patents
Novel planting method of tetrandra root Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243821A CN112243821A CN202011187584.XA CN202011187584A CN112243821A CN 112243821 A CN112243821 A CN 112243821A CN 202011187584 A CN202011187584 A CN 202011187584A CN 112243821 A CN112243821 A CN 112243821A
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- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001369613 Stephania tetrandra Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 206010063409 Acarodermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006820 Arthralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007530 Essential hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218164 Menispermaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 208000025747 Rheumatic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 241001330502 Stephania Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000130764 Tinea Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel planting method of tetrandra root, which comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, base fertilizer application, seed seedling raising, transplanting, weeding, topdressing, seedling strengthening and frame building and daily management. The method can improve the yield of the tetrandra root and shorten the cultivation period by a novel and reasonable planting scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a novel planting method of tetrandra root.
Background
Stephania tetrandra, the name of traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried root of Stephania tetrandra of Stephania of Menispermaceae. Has the effects of dispelling wind, relieving pain, inducing diuresis and relieving swelling. It can be used for treating edema, dysuria, rheumatic arthralgia, tinea pedis, scabies, tinea, sore, and essential hypertension.
Radix Stephaniae Japonicae is wild in hilly mountain land, river levee, grassy clump or short forest edge, and is favored by sunshine and warm and wet. The root system is developed, the soil grows in the stratum under one meter deep, and the soil is dry and drought resistant, but the deep soil has insufficient nutrients, so the growth period is long. The cut stems of the residual roots of the tetrandra root after the digging can grow into medicinal commodities after 8-10 years. With the increasing market demand of the tetrandra root, the exploitation amount of wild resources is also increased sharply, so that the resources in the old producing area are exhausted. The existing tetrandra planting technology is mostly biased to traditional cultivation and lacks mature and standard technical management, so that the yield is generally low and the cultivation period is also prolonged.
In summary, how to design a novel planting method of tetrandra root can not only improve the yield of tetrandra root, but also shorten the cultivation period through a novel and reasonable planting scheme, and is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, which can not only improve the yield of the tetrandra root but also shorten the cultivation period through a novel and reasonable planting scheme.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme, and provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting fertile soil with elevation below 500m, convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient illumination and neutral acid bias, removing impurities on the soil surface, and deeply digging 70-80 cm;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: planting furrows with the depth of 70-80cm are arranged at the row spacing of 0.8-1.5 m, 3000 kg/mu of controlled release base fertilizer is buried, and then planting bed ridges with the height of 30-40 cm are formed;
(3) seed seedling culture: selecting red mature seeds in 8-10 months, picking off the fruits with stems, soaking and rubbing the fruits with water, filtering out the seeds, soaking and sterilizing the seeds for 30 min with 1% potassium permanganate or 1% carbendazim, then airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a ventilating container, storing the seeds in a cool and ventilating dry place, then directly sowing the seeds in a field in autumn to spring for 3 months, and growing seedlings;
(4) transplanting: transplanting the bred seedlings when the soil is dry and wet properly for 2-3 months and several days after raining, planting according to the plant row spacing (25-35) cm x (30-40) cm, firstly opening planting ditches with the depth and width of 14-16 cm on the ridges of the bed, planting the tetrandra seedlings into ditch holes to bury roots, compacting the soil, watering and fixing the roots, and then covering with crushed straws;
(5) weeding: in early spring, weeds are frequently removed, soil is frequently loosened and hoed after rain, and soil in the ditches is planted on the ridges;
(6) topdressing: fertilizing for 2-3 times every year according to the growth and development conditions of tetrandra root, in early spring, ditching among lines, topdressing 1000-1500 kg organic fertilizer per mu, topdressing for 5-7 months and 1-2 times, and applying 2500 kg diluted biogas liquid or cake liquid per mu;
(6) building a frame and fixing seedlings: before the vines grow to 30cm, planting fixing piles with the height of 1.3-1.5m at the plant row spacing of (3-6) mx (2-5) m in the powdery-defensive cultivated land, and then drawing the vines of the plants to the fixing piles;
(7) daily management: irrigation and drainage and insect prevention are carried out regularly.
Further, the controlled release base fertilizer comprises a first base fertilizer and a second base fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1800 kg/mu of first base fertilizer in the planting ditch at the depth of 70-80cm, then adding soil to cover the planting ditch at the depth of 50-60cm, burying 1200 kg/mu of second base fertilizer, and then adding soil to form a bed ridge.
Further, the first base fertilizer is composed of a plurality of closed bags wrapped with fertilizers, the fertilizers comprise organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers in a mass ratio of 19:1, the second base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizers and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in a mass ratio of 9:1, and the mass ratio of various nutrient elements in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is N: P: K =3:2: 5.
Further, the preparation method of the first base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the phosphate fertilizer is put into a crusher with the speed of 400-500r/min for crushing, phosphate fertilizer particles are obtained after sieving by a sieve with 30-40 meshes, and then the phosphate fertilizer particles are mixed with organic fertilizer and stirred evenly and put into a closed bag with the aperture of 0.2-0.3mm, wherein the closed bag is made of water-insoluble materials.
Further, the outer side face of the fixing pile is alternately provided with a climbing area and an isolation area, and the width ratio of the climbing area to the isolation area is (1-5): the climbing area has rough surface for the plant vines to climb around the pile, and the isolation area has smooth surface for preventing the plant vines from climbing in the area.
Further, the fixing pile main body is a cement pile, a wood pile, a metal pile or a plastic pile.
Further, the isolation area is sprayed with a lubricating coating, the lubricating coating comprises 10-20 parts of epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of phenolic resin, 20-35 parts of amine curing agent, 8-15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 10-15 parts of soft metal alloy, and the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin and antimony in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 6.
Further, the climbing area is frosted to form a rough surface.
Further, the isolation area is polished smooth before the lubricating coating is sprayed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method has the advantages that through reasonable planting scheme design, including land selection, land preparation, base fertilizer application, seed seedling raising, transplanting, weeding, topdressing, seedling fixing and frame building and daily management, the yield of the tetrandra root can be effectively improved;
(2) the controlled-release base fertilizer is applied, and the base fertilizer is divided into two parts to be applied at different depths in soil, so that the nutritional requirements of plants in different growth periods can be met, and the yield is improved;
(3) according to the invention, the first base fertilizer is applied at the depth of 70-80cm, so that the nutrients of deep soil are ensured, and the growth period can be shortened;
(4) the first base fertilizer at the bottommost layer consists of a plurality of closed bags wrapped with the fertilizer, so that the loss of the fertilizer can be reduced to a certain extent, and the fertilizer can flow out in batches by controlling the aperture of the closed bags, so that the nutrition is gradually absorbed by plants, and the problem of later-stage nutrition deficiency caused by too fast absorption of early-stage nutrition is avoided;
(5) because the mobility of the phosphate fertilizer is poor, and the phosphate fertilizer is easy to fix after being applied to soil and loses effectiveness, the phosphate fertilizer is applied by dividing the phosphate fertilizer into an upper layer and a lower layer, so that the requirements of plants on P element in different growth periods are met;
(6) when the seedling fixing frame is erected, the fixed climbing route is arranged on the fixed pile to control the growth vigor of the vines of the plants, and the vines higher than the fixed pile can be cut off in time, so that the lengths of the vines of all the plants are kept consistent, the overall growth vigor of the plants is kept consistent at a higher level as much as possible, and the yield is improved;
(7) after the seedlings are solidified and erected, the climbing paths of the vines are consistent, so that the vines grow neatly, cross disorder and difficulty in cleaning of the vines are avoided, and the growth defect caused by insufficient illumination of plants below due to cross overlapping of the vines is avoided.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting fertile soil with elevation below 500m, convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient illumination and neutral acid bias, removing impurities on the soil surface, and deeply digging 75 cm;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: planting furrows with the depth of 75cm are arranged at the row spacing of 1.2, 3000 kg/mu of controlled-release base fertilizer is buried, and then planting bed ridges with the height of 35cm are formed;
(3) seed seedling culture: selecting red mature seeds in 8-10 months, picking off the fruit with stems, soaking and rubbing the fruit with water, filtering out the seeds, soaking the seeds with 1% potassium permanganate for disinfection for 30 min, then airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a breathable container such as a cloth bag and the like, storing the seeds in a cool and ventilated dry place, and then directly sowing the seeds in a field in autumn to spring for 3 months for seedling culture;
(4) transplanting: selecting the seedlings which are bred in 2-3 months in the next year and when the soil is dry and wet properly for a plurality of days after raining, transplanting the seedlings, planting the seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 35cm, firstly opening planting ditches with the depth and the width of 15cm on ridges of a bed, planting the tetrandra seedlings into ditch holes, preferably burying roots and stems, compacting the soil, watering for fixing the roots, and then covering with crushed straws;
(5) weeding: in early spring, weeds are frequently removed, soil is frequently loosened and hoed after rain, and soil in the ditches is planted on the ridges;
(6) topdressing: fertilizing for 2 times a year, in early spring, ditching among lines according to the growth and development conditions of the tetrandra root, topdressing 1250kg of organic fertilizer per mu, topdressing for 5-7 months and 1 time, and applying 2500 kg of dilute biogas liquid or cake liquid per mu;
(6) building a frame and fixing seedlings: before the vines grow to 30cm, planting fixing piles with the height of 1.4m in the plant row spacing of 4m multiplied by 3m in the mealy soil cultivated land, and then drawing the vines of the plants to the fixing piles;
(7) daily management: irrigation and drainage and insect prevention are carried out regularly.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, and on the basis of embodiment 1, the embodiment also provides a controlled release base fertilizer, wherein the controlled release base fertilizer comprises a first base fertilizer and a second base fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1800 kg/mu of first base fertilizer in a 75cm deep planting ditch, then adding soil to cover the planting ditch to a 55cm deep planting ditch, burying 1200 kg/mu of second base fertilizer, and then adding soil to form a ridge.
The first base fertilizer is composed of a plurality of closed bags wrapped with fertilizers, the fertilizers comprise organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers in a mass ratio of 19:1, the second base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizers and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in a mass ratio of 9:1, and the mass ratio of various nutrient elements in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is N: P: K =3:2: 5.
The preparation method of the first base fertilizer comprises the following steps: putting a phosphate fertilizer into a grinder of 450r/min for grinding, sieving by a sieve of 35 meshes to obtain phosphate fertilizer particles, mixing and stirring the phosphate fertilizer particles with an organic fertilizer uniformly, and putting the mixture into a closed bag with the aperture of 0.25mm, wherein the closed bag is made of water-insoluble materials.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, and on the basis of embodiment 1, the embodiment also provides a fixing pile, wherein a climbing area and an isolation area are alternately arranged on the outer side surface of the fixing pile, and the width ratio of the climbing area to the isolation area is 3: the climbing area has rough surface for the plant vines to climb around the pile, and the isolation area has smooth surface for preventing the plant vines from climbing in the area.
The fixing pile main body is a cement pile.
The isolation region is sprayed with a lubricating coating, the lubricating coating comprises 15 parts of epoxy resin, 8 parts of phenolic resin, 28 parts of amine curing agent, 12 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 13 parts of soft metal alloy, and the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin and antimony in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 6.
The climbing area is frosted to form a rough surface.
The isolation area is polished smooth before the lubricating coating is sprayed.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, and the embodiment is the combination of the embodiments 2 and 3.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting fertile soil with elevation below 500m, convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient illumination and neutral acid bias, removing impurities on the soil surface, and deeply digging 70cm of soil;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: planting furrows with the depth of 70cm are arranged at the row spacing of 0.8 m, 3000 kg/mu of controlled release base fertilizer is buried, and then planting bed ridges with the height of 30cm are formed;
(3) seed seedling culture: selecting red mature seeds in 8-10 months, picking off the fruits with stems, soaking and rubbing the fruits with water, filtering out the seeds, soaking and sterilizing the seeds with 1% carbendazim for 30 min, then airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a breathable container such as a cloth bag and the like, storing the seeds in a cool and ventilated dry place, and then directly sowing the seeds in a field in autumn to spring for 3 months for seedling culture;
(4) transplanting: selecting the seedlings which are bred in 2-3 months in the next year and when the soil is dry and wet properly for a plurality of days after raining, transplanting the seedlings, planting the seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 25 cm multiplied by 30cm, firstly opening planting ditches with the depth and the width of about 14cm on ridges of a bed, planting the tetrandra seedlings into ditch holes, preferably burying roots and stems, compacting the soil, watering and fixing the roots, and then covering the roots with crushed straws;
(5) weeding: in early spring, weeds are frequently removed, soil is frequently loosened and hoed after rain, and soil in the ditches is planted on the ridges;
(6) topdressing: fertilizing for 2 times a year, in early spring, ditching among lines according to the growth and development conditions of the tetrandra root, topdressing 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, topdressing for 5-7 months and topdressing for 1 time, and applying 2500 kg of dilute biogas liquid or cake liquid per mu;
(6) building a frame and fixing seedlings: before the vines grow to 30cm, planting fixing piles with the height of 1.3m in the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 2m in the mealy soil cultivated land, and then drawing the vines of the plants to the fixing piles;
(7) daily management: irrigation and drainage and insect prevention are carried out regularly.
The controlled-release base fertilizer comprises a first base fertilizer and a second base fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1800 kg/mu of first base fertilizer in a planting ditch at a depth of 70cm, then adding soil to cover the planting ditch to a depth of 50cm, burying 1200 kg/mu of second base fertilizer, and then adding soil to form a ridge.
The first base fertilizer is composed of a plurality of closed bags wrapped with fertilizers, the fertilizers comprise organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers in a mass ratio of 19:1, the second base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizers and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in a mass ratio of 9:1, and the mass ratio of various nutrient elements in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is N: P: K =3:2: 5.
The preparation method of the first base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the phosphate fertilizer is put into a grinder of 400r/min for grinding, phosphate fertilizer particles are obtained after sieving by a sieve of 30 meshes, and then the phosphate fertilizer particles are mixed with organic fertilizer and stirred evenly and put into a closed bag with the aperture of 0.2mm, wherein the closed bag is made of water-insoluble materials.
The spud pile lateral surface is equipped with climbing area and isolation region in turn, and the width ratio of climbing area and isolation region is 1: the climbing area has rough surface for the plant vines to climb around the pile, and the isolation area has smooth surface for preventing the plant vines from climbing in the area.
The fixing pile main body is a timber pile.
The isolation region is sprayed with a lubricating coating, the lubricating coating comprises 10 parts of epoxy resin, 5 parts of phenolic resin, 20 parts of amine curing agent, 8 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 10 parts of soft metal alloy, and the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin and antimony in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 6.
The climbing area is frosted to form a rough surface.
The isolation area is polished smooth before the lubricating coating is sprayed.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a novel planting method of tetrandra root, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting fertile soil with elevation below 500m, convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient illumination and neutral acid bias, removing impurities on the soil surface, and deeply digging 80 cm;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: planting furrows with the depth of 80cm are arranged at the row spacing of 1.5m, 3000 kg/mu of controlled-release base fertilizer is buried, and then planting bed ridges with the height of 40cm are formed;
(3) seed seedling culture: selecting red mature seeds in 8-10 months, picking off the fruits with stems, soaking and rubbing the fruits with water, filtering out the seeds, soaking and sterilizing the seeds with 1% carbendazim for 30 min, then airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a breathable container such as a cloth bag and the like, storing the seeds in a cool and ventilated dry place, and then directly sowing the seeds in a field in autumn to spring for 3 months for seedling culture;
(4) transplanting: transplanting the bred seedlings when the soil is dry and wet properly for 2-3 months in the next year and several days after raining, planting according to the plant row spacing of 35cm multiplied by 40cm, firstly opening planting ditches with the depth and the width of about 16 cm on ridges of a bed, planting the tetrandra seedlings into ditch holes, preferably burying rhizome, compacting the soil, watering for fixing roots, and then covering with crushed straws;
(5) weeding: in early spring, weeds are frequently removed, soil is frequently loosened and hoed after rain, and soil in the ditches is planted on the ridges;
(6) topdressing: fertilizing for 3 times a year, in early spring, ditching among lines according to the growth and development conditions of the tetrandra root, topdressing 1500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, topdressing for 5-7 months and topdressing for 2 times, and applying 2500 kg of dilute biogas liquid or cake liquid per mu;
(6) building a frame and fixing seedlings: before the vines grow to 30cm, planting fixing piles with the height of 1.5m in the plant row spacing of 6m multiplied by 5m in the mealy soil cultivated land, and then drawing the vines of the plants to the fixing piles;
(7) daily management: irrigation and drainage and insect prevention are carried out regularly.
The controlled-release base fertilizer comprises a first base fertilizer and a second base fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1800 kg/mu of first base fertilizer in a planting ditch at a depth of 80cm, then adding soil to cover the planting ditch to a depth of 60cm, burying 1200 kg/mu of second base fertilizer, and then adding soil to form a ridge.
The first base fertilizer is composed of a plurality of closed bags wrapped with fertilizers, the fertilizers comprise organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers in a mass ratio of 19:1, the second base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizers and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in a mass ratio of 9:1, and the mass ratio of various nutrient elements in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is N: P: K =3:2: 5.
The preparation method of the first base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the phosphate fertilizer is put into a grinder of 500r/min for grinding, phosphate fertilizer particles are obtained after being sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, and then the phosphate fertilizer particles are mixed with organic fertilizer and stirred evenly and put into a closed bag with the aperture of 0.3mm, wherein the closed bag is made of water-insoluble materials.
The spud pile lateral surface is equipped with climbing area and isolation region in turn, and the width ratio of climbing area and isolation region is 5: the climbing area has rough surface for the plant vines to climb around the pile, and the isolation area has smooth surface for preventing the plant vines from climbing in the area.
The fixing pile main body is a plastic pile.
The isolation region is sprayed with a lubricating coating, the lubricating coating comprises 20 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of phenolic resin, 35 parts of amine curing agent, 15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 15 parts of soft metal alloy, and the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin and antimony in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 6.
The climbing area is frosted to form a rough surface.
The isolation area is polished smooth before the lubricating coating is sprayed.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from example 4 in that the controlled-release base fertilizer is a commercially available coated controlled-release fertilizer, the nutrient content of the fertilizer core is the same as that in example 4, the fertilizer quality is the sum of the first base fertilizer and the second base fertilizer in example 4, and the fertilizing depth is the same as that of the second base fertilizer in example 4.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 4 is that all the controlled-release base fertilizers are first base fertilizers, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1800 kg/mu of first base fertilizer in the planting ditch at the depth of 75cm, and adding soil to form a ridge.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 4 is that all the controlled release base fertilizers are second base fertilizers, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1200 kg/mu of second base fertilizer in the planting furrows at the depth of 55cm, and adding soil to form bed ridges.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is different from example 4 in that 1200 kg/mu of the second base fertilizer was buried in a 75cm depth of the planting furrows and 1800 kg/mu of the first base fertilizer was buried in a 55cm depth of the planting furrows.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the first base fertilizer is not provided with a closed bag.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the aperture of the closed pouch is 0.18 mm.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the aperture of the closed pouch is 0.32 mm.
Comparative example 8
The difference between the comparative example and the example 4 is that the fertilizer of the first base fertilizer does not contain a nitrogen fertilizer, and the preparation method of the first base fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly stirring the organic fertilizer, and filling the organic fertilizer into a closed bag with the aperture of 0.25 mm.
Comparative example 9
The comparative example is different from example 4 in that the outer side surfaces of the spud piles are all provided as climbing areas.
Comparative example 10
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the outer side faces of the spud piles are all provided as isolation regions.
Comparative example 11
The difference between this comparative example and example 4 is that the ratio of the widths of the climbing region and the isolation region is 6: 1.
comparative example 12
The present comparative example differs from example 4 in that the ratio of the widths of the climbing region and the isolation region was 0.8: 1.
comparative example 13
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the lubricating coating does not include a phenolic resin.
Comparative example 14
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the lubricating coating does not include polytetrafluoroethylene.
Comparative example 15
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the lubricating coating does not include a soft metal alloy.
Comparative example 16
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the soft metal alloy does not include lead.
Comparative example 17
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the soft metal alloy does not include zinc.
Comparative example 18
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the soft metal alloy does not include tin.
Comparative example 19
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the soft metal alloy does not include antimony.
Comparative example 20
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin, antimony in a mass ratio of 1:1:3: 5.
Comparative example 21
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin, antimony in a mass ratio of 1:3:5: 7.
Experiment for planting field of tetrandra root
According to the planting method of tetrandra root provided in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-21, field experiments were performed to calculate the total yield of the fresh tetrandra root and record the time required for the first picking, and the results are shown in the following table:
the results in the table show that compared with comparative examples 1-21, the total yield of the tetrandra root can be effectively improved according to the planting method of the tetrandra root provided by the invention; meanwhile, as can be seen from examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 8, the method for applying the controlled-release base fertilizer according to the present invention can significantly reduce the time required for the first picking, i.e., shorten the growth cycle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is characterized in that a reasonable tetrandra planting scheme design is adopted, the method comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, base fertilizer application, seed seedling raising, transplanting, weeding, additional fertilizer application, seedling fixing and frame building and daily management, fixing piles capable of controlling the growth of vines of plants are designed for frame building, and the total yield of the tetrandra can be effectively improved; the controlled-release base fertilizer is applied, so that the base fertilizer is divided into two parts to be applied at different depths in soil, the nutritional requirements of plants in different growth periods can be met, and the growth period can be shortened.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof can be replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A novel planting method of Stephania tetrandra is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting fertile soil with elevation below 500m, convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient illumination and neutral acid bias, removing impurities on the soil surface, and deeply digging 70-80 cm;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: planting furrows with the depth of 70-80cm are arranged at the row spacing of 0.8-1.5 m, 3000 kg/mu of controlled release base fertilizer is buried, and then planting bed ridges with the height of 30-40 cm are formed;
(3) seed seedling culture: selecting red mature seeds in 8-10 months, picking off the fruits with stems, soaking and rubbing the fruits with water, filtering out the seeds, soaking and sterilizing the seeds for 30 min with 1% potassium permanganate or 1% carbendazim, then airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a ventilating container, storing the seeds in a cool and ventilating dry place, then directly sowing the seeds in a field in autumn to spring for 3 months, and growing seedlings;
(4) transplanting: transplanting the bred seedlings when the soil is dry and wet properly for 2-3 months and several days after raining, planting according to the plant row spacing (25-35) cm x (30-40) cm, firstly opening planting ditches with the depth and width of 14-16 cm on the ridges of the bed, planting the tetrandra seedlings into ditch holes to bury roots, compacting the soil, watering and fixing the roots, and then covering with crushed straws;
(5) weeding: in early spring, weeds are frequently removed, soil is frequently loosened and hoed after rain, and soil in the ditches is planted on the ridges;
(6) topdressing: fertilizing for 2-3 times every year according to the growth and development conditions of tetrandra root, in early spring, ditching among lines, topdressing 1000-1500 kg organic fertilizer per mu, topdressing for 5-7 months and 1-2 times, and applying 2500 kg diluted biogas liquid or cake liquid per mu;
(6) building a frame and fixing seedlings: before the vines grow to 30cm, planting fixing piles with the height of 1.3-1.5m at the plant row spacing of (3-6) mx (2-5) m in the powdery-defensive cultivated land, and then drawing the vines of the plants to the fixing piles;
(7) daily management: irrigation and drainage and insect prevention are carried out regularly.
2. The novel planting method of tetrandra root as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the controlled-release base fertilizer comprises a first base fertilizer and a second base fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the specific base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: burying 1800 kg/mu of first base fertilizer in the planting ditch at the depth of 70-80cm, then adding soil to cover the planting ditch at the depth of 50-60cm, burying 1200 kg/mu of second base fertilizer, and then adding soil to form a bed ridge.
3. The novel planting method of tetrandra root as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the first base fertilizer is composed of a plurality of closed bags wrapped with fertilizers, the fertilizers comprise organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers in a mass ratio of 19:1, the second base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizers and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in a mass ratio of 9:1, and the mass ratio of various nutrient elements in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is N: P: K =3:2: 5.
4. The novel planting method of Stephania tetrandra as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the preparation method of the first base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the phosphate fertilizer is put into a crusher with the speed of 400-500r/min for crushing, phosphate fertilizer particles are obtained after sieving by a sieve with 30-40 meshes, and then the phosphate fertilizer particles are mixed with organic fertilizer and stirred evenly and put into a closed bag with the aperture of 0.2-0.3mm, wherein the closed bag is made of water-insoluble materials.
5. The novel planting method of tetrandra root as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the outer side face of the fixing pile is alternately provided with a climbing area and an isolation area, and the width ratio of the climbing area to the isolation area is (1-5): the climbing area has rough surface for the plant vines to climb around the pile, and the isolation area has smooth surface for preventing the plant vines from climbing in the area.
6. The novel planting method of Stephania tetrandra as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the main body of the fixing pile is a cement pile, a wood pile, a metal pile or a plastic pile.
7. The novel planting method of Stephania tetrandra as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the isolation region is sprayed with a lubricating coating, the lubricating coating comprises 10-20 parts of epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of phenolic resin, 20-35 parts of amine curing agent, 8-15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene and 10-15 parts of soft metal alloy, and the soft metal alloy comprises lead, zinc, tin and antimony in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 6.
8. The novel planting method of Stephania tetrandra as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the climbing area is frosted to form a rough surface.
9. The novel planting method of tetrandra root as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the isolation area is polished smooth before the lubricating coating is sprayed.
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