CN112154851A - Cultivation method for increasing survival rate of tea seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing survival rate of tea seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN112154851A CN112154851A CN202011274293.4A CN202011274293A CN112154851A CN 112154851 A CN112154851 A CN 112154851A CN 202011274293 A CN202011274293 A CN 202011274293A CN 112154851 A CN112154851 A CN 112154851A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of tea seedlings, which comprises the following steps: s1, planning and soil preparation; s2, cultivation and management; s3, building a small circular arch shed; s4, planting corn; and S5, management. The technology absorbs the experience of interplanting crops in greenhouse vegetable and tea garden, can save labor force, is simple and convenient to operate, is economical and practical, has good effect, and can improve the survival rate of tea seedlings by about 95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of tea seedlings.
Background
Tea trees have been planted for thousands of years in China. The tea tree is firstly born in the Yunobi plateau of China, is a perennial woody plant, and is cultivated in a strip shape in most tea production areas of China. At present, a newly-built tea garden is mainly used for cultivating clone improved variety cutting seedlings, in the seedling period, as a tea garden protection forest, street trees, shading trees and the like are not grown, the ecological condition is poor, the relative humidity is low, the leaves of tea seedlings are burnt by strong sunlight irradiation in summer and high-temperature drought, the whole tea seedlings are seriously burned by sunlight, and the performance is more obvious in summer dry weather; in winter, the tea seedlings can be frozen to death in low-temperature cold tide weather. Therefore, active and effective measures must be taken 1-2 years after the tea seedlings are cultivated, and sun protection, water retention, moisture retention, heat preservation and enhancement of tea garden management are very necessary.
According to the invention, a small circular arched shed is built in the tea seedling planting rows, and a row of corns are planted among the tea rows, so that the effects of shading and moisturizing the tea garden in summer are achieved, and the aim of improving the survival rate of the tea seedlings is achieved. Wherein, the round small arched shed built in the tea seedling planting row has the following functions: firstly, the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects are achieved in cold and humid weather in winter; secondly, the function of moisture preservation and burn prevention is achieved in summer high-temperature dry weather; thirdly, preventing weeds in the tea rows from overgrowing; fourthly, the survival rate of the tea seedlings is further improved. Therefore, compared with the traditional standardized tea garden, the method can greatly improve the survival rate of tea seedlings, effectively avoid the phenomenon of plant shortage and broken row of the tea garden, and realize the advance of the tea garden and the high yield of the tea garden.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of tea seedlings, so that the survival rate of the tea seedlings is high, the effect is good, the cost is saved, the environment is protected, the labor can be saved, and the method is easy to master.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of tea seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1 planning and soil preparation
1.1 park planning: the partition of the whole area and the partial area is scientifically planned according to the production scale and the operation management mode in the tea garden. The new park land should be selected to concentrate a lot of land in the low hilly area with the gradient below 25 degrees; planning a road according to the area of the tea garden, convenient management and improvement of working efficiency;
generally, a main road is set for more than 200 mu, and the width of the main road is 7-9 meters; only branch roads are arranged below 200 mu, and the width of each branch road is 6-7 m; a footpath is also arranged in the tea garden, the tea garden is divided into a plurality of operation areas, generally 10 mu is suitable, and the length of the tea row is about 50-60 meters; the stair tea garden is generally provided with a footpath in 8-10 rows, the width of the footpath is 2 meters, the transverse footpath is horizontally arranged, and the longitudinal footpath is arranged according to the terrain, so that a straight track, an I-shaped track and an S-shaped track can be built; the main road, the branch road and the walking road are connected and communicated so as to be convenient for transportation; the water irrigation and drainage ditch and the water storage pond capable of draining, irrigating and storing water are built in a planned way in the garden, the water conservancy facilities are drip-irrigated and irrigated, and the number and the depth width of the ditches are determined according to the drainage quantity and the water demand; a flood control ditch capable of preventing rainstorm from entering a tea garden is planned and established outside the tea garden, and the ditches are required to be ordered vertically and horizontally and communicated in size; the water storage tank is mainly used for storing water and retting water and fertilizer, generally one water storage tank is built for each 10 mu of tea garden, and the depth and width are calculated according to the water storage amount of 1-2 cubic meters per mu;
1.2 reclamation method: the method of full reclamation is adopted in the garden, and the method can be used for mechanical or artificial reclamation, and the manual reclamation is carried out after the machine reclamation. The stair tea garden can adopt a technical method of digging a ditch and building a stair at the same time;
1.3 planting specification: tea trees are planted in a double-row single-plant strip row manner, the distance between tea rows is 150 cm-160 cm larger than that of the tea rows, and the distance between tea rows is 30 cm-40 cm smaller than that of the tea rows; the tea tree planting ditch is 50-60 cm wide and 40-50cm deep;
1.4 ditch returning method: loosening 10 cm of soil at the bottom layer when ditching in the tea garden, filling 10-15cm of base fertilizer into the middle layer, applying 4000 kg of manure, garbage, livestock manure, soil and miscellaneous fertilizers and the like and 200 jin of phosphate fertilizer into the base fertilizer per mu, filling 10-15cm of soil into the upper layer, and filling the 10-15cm of soil into the left layer when tea is to be planted;
s2, cultivation and management
2.1 field planting: the planting time of the tea trees is two seasons. Spring: 2 middle and last ten days of the month; in autumn: in 10 to 11 middle of the month, autumn planting is the best. The planting specification is planted according to the double-row staggered mode, and the planting is planted in the planting ditch according to the double-row single-plant mode; planting tea seedlings with the plant spacing of 30-40 cm, treading the planted tea seedlings firmly, and then watering root fixing water;
2.2, fertilizer cultivation management: the newly-built tea garden does not need to be fertilized in the current year, and after the tea garden completely survives, additional fertilizer and base fertilizer are applied;
2.3, trimming: carrying out fixed pruning on young tea trees which are just planted, and after the tea trees are fixedly planted, carrying out first fixed pruning when the height of the seedlings reaches more than 15-20cm and the thickness of main branches reaches more than 3mm, and leaving the height of about 15cm after pruning so as to be beneficial to the growth of robust bone branches in the future;
s3, building a small circular arch shed
A circular small arched shed is also called a small greenhouse, is the most applied type in production, and is mainly constructed by the following steps: using moso bamboo chips, water bamboo poles or thin-wall steel pipes and other materials, bending into arch-shaped arches with the width of 50cm and the height of 40cm, then spanning the arches at the two ends of the tea row, inserting the arches into the soil deeply, controlling the distance between the arch-shaped arches to be 40-50cm, connecting the arch-shaped arches together by using bamboo poles and iron wires among the arch-shaped arches, and if the arch-shaped arches are firm, not connecting the arch-shaped arches; a transparent plastic film is laid on the arch frame, the edges are buried with soil after the periphery is tensioned, and the upper surface of the shed film is fixed by a pressure bar or a pressure line, so that the small circular arch shed is ensured to be stable and firm;
the plastic film on the small circular arched shed covers the arched shed only in the low-temperature cold and tide weather in winter and in the high-temperature dry weather in summer. After low-temperature cold tide weather and high-temperature dry weather, the plastic film can be properly torn off according to the weather, so that the tea seedlings can grow under natural conditions. The round small arched shed aims at preserving heat and moisture;
s4 planting corn
After the tea garden is built, planting a row of corns among the large tea rows in a seeding mode before and after the beginning of 4 months in spring of the current year (or the next year);
the sowing method of the corn comprises the following steps: manually sowing in the tea row, namely holding a seed pot by hand, and then, ploughing 10-15cm in a shallow manner, and scattering seeds after a certain distance is formed; the seeding distance must be controlled, which can lead to too far distance between corns or too close distance between corns;
after sowing, covering the corn seeds sowed in the furrow with soil by adopting a manual soil covering method; after about 10 days of sowing, the corn seeds buried in the soil can be neatly and neatly drilled out to the soil;
when the corn seedlings grow to about 20-30cm, carrying out appropriate density thinning, pulling out the over-dense corn seedlings, or transplanting the over-dense corn seedlings to thinner corn rows, and then topdressing organic fertilizer 600 kg/mu in the corn rows;
one row of corns planted among each tea row is mainly characterized in that the corns among the tea rows can be cut off and laid flat among the tea rows after summer drought in the last 9 th ten days of summer planting. The effects of preserving water and moisture, inhibiting the growth of weeds among tea rows and increasing organic matters in the tea garden are achieved;
s5, management
The management of a newly built tea garden is strengthened, particularly the influence of special severe weather on the young tea garden is concerned, the ditches and the accumulated water are cleared in time, the waterlogging and the drought resistance are eliminated, the snow removal is carried out at low temperature, and the like. And (5) weeding in small tea rows from the last ten days of 9 months to the middle ten days of 10 months.
Compared with the traditional standardized tea garden, the traditional newly-built standardized tea garden has the advantages that as the tea garden protection forest, the street trees, the shading trees and the like are not grown, the ecological condition is poor, the relative humidity is low, the leaves of tea seedlings can be burnt by strong sunlight irradiation in summer and high-temperature drought weather, and the whole tea seedlings can be seriously dead by sun; in winter, the tea seedlings can be frozen and killed in low-temperature cold tide weather for a long time. The survival rate of the tea seedlings is not high, and the tea seedlings almost completely die in continuous and long-time high-temperature arid weather. The method is optimized and improved aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the traditional standard tea garden. Firstly, a small circular arch shed is built on a tea row, and the following functions are achieved: firstly, the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects are achieved in cold and humid weather in winter; secondly, the function of moisture preservation and burn prevention is achieved in summer high-temperature dry weather; thirdly, preventing weeds in the tea rows from overgrowing; fourthly, the survival rate of the tea seedlings is further improved. Secondly, planting a row of corns among each tea row, and thus having the following functions: firstly, the tea seedlings are shaded in summer, so that the tea seedlings are prevented from being burned by insolation; secondly, cooling and moisturizing the tea garden; thirdly, the ecological environment of the tea garden is enhanced; and fourthly, organic matters in the tea garden can be increased after the corn stalks are returned to the garden.
The technology absorbs the experience of interplanting crops in greenhouse vegetable and tea garden, can save labor force, is simple and easy to operate, is economical and practical, has good effect, and can improve the survival rate of tea seedlings by about 95%.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of tea seedlings comprises the following steps:
1. planting: the planting time of the tea trees is two seasons. Spring: 2 middle and last ten days of the month; in autumn: in 10 to 11 middle of the month, autumn planting is the best. The planting specification is planted according to the double-row staggered mode, and the planting is planted in the planting ditch according to the double-row single-plant mode. Planting tea seedlings with the plant spacing of 30-40 cm, treading the planted tea seedlings, and then watering root fixing water.
2. And (3) fertilizer cultivation management: the newly-built tea garden does not need to be fertilized in the current year, and after the tea garden completely survives, additional fertilizer and base fertilizer are applied.
3. Trimming: and (3) carrying out fixed pruning on the young tea trees which are just planted, after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, carrying out first fixed pruning when the height of the seedlings reaches more than 15-20cm and the thickness of main branches reaches more than 3mm, and leaving the height of the seedlings to be about 15cm after pruning so as to facilitate the growth of strong bone branches in the future.
4. And (5) building a small circular arch shed. A circular small arched shed is also called a small greenhouse, is the most applied type in production, and is mainly constructed by the following steps: the tea row is characterized in that Mao bamboo chips, water bamboo poles or thin-wall steel pipes and other materials are used for bending into arch-shaped arches with the width of 50cm and the height of 40cm, then the arches span two ends of the tea row and are deeply inserted into the soil, the distance between every two arch-shaped arches is controlled to be 40-50cm, and the arches are connected together through bamboo poles and iron wires. The transparent plastic film is laid on the arch frame, the edges are buried with soil after the periphery is tensioned, and the canopy film is fixed by a pressure bar or a pressure line, so that the circular small arch canopy is ensured to be stable and firm.
The plastic film on the small circular arched shed covers the arched shed only in the low-temperature cold and tide weather in winter and in the high-temperature dry weather in summer. After low-temperature cold tide weather and high-temperature dry weather, the plastic film can be properly torn off according to the weather, so that the tea seedlings can grow under natural conditions. The purpose of the round small arched shed is to keep warm and keep moisture.
5. And (5) planting corn. After the tea garden is built, before and after the beginning of the 4 th ten days in spring of the current year (or the next year), a row of corns are planted among the large tea rows in a seeding mode. The sowing method of the corn comprises the following steps: the tea row is sowed manually, the seed pot is held by hand and is followed by a plough, shallow ploughing is carried out for 10-15cm, and seeds are scattered after a certain distance is formed. The distance of sowing must be controlled, which can lead to corn being too far from corn or too close. After sowing, covering the corn seeds sown in the furrow with soil by adopting a manual soil covering method. After about 10 days of sowing, the corn seeds buried in the soil can be drilled out in a neat and even manner. When the corn seedlings grow to about 20-30cm, carrying out appropriate density thinning, pulling out the over-dense corn seedlings, or transplanting the over-dense corn seedlings to thinner corn rows, and then additionally applying 600 kg/mu of organic fertilizer to the corn rows.
One row of corns planted among each tea row is mainly characterized in that the corns among the tea rows can be cut off and laid flat among the tea rows after summer drought in the last 9 th ten days of summer planting. The tea garden water-retaining agent has the effects of retaining water and moisture, inhibiting the growth of weeds among tea rows and increasing organic matters of the tea garden.
6. And (5) managing. The management of a newly built tea garden is strengthened, particularly the influence of special severe weather on the young tea garden is concerned, the ditches and the accumulated water are cleared in time, the waterlogging and the drought resistance are eliminated, the snow removal is carried out at low temperature, and the like. And weeding the tea garden after 9-10 middle of the month.
As can be seen from the table 1, compared with the standard tea garden, the tea garden with the circular small arched shed built by the method has the advantages that the survival rate of the tea seedlings is high and can reach about 95%, the influence of natural disasters is small, the management risk is low, the cost for building the tea garden is low, the grass damage is small, and the growth vigor of the tea seedlings is good. Therefore, the effect of building the circular small arched shed tea garden is better than that of a standardized tea garden.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for improving the survival rate of tea seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1 planning and soil preparation
1.1 park planning: the partition of the whole area and the partial area is scientifically planned according to the production scale and the operation management mode in the tea garden;
the new park land should be selected to concentrate a lot of land in the low hilly area with the gradient below 25 degrees;
planning a road according to the area of the tea garden, convenient management and improvement of working efficiency;
generally, a main road is set for more than 200 mu, and the width of the main road is 7-9 meters; only branch roads are arranged below 200 mu, and the width of each branch road is 6-7 m; a footpath is also arranged in the tea garden, the tea garden is divided into a plurality of operation areas, generally 10 mu is suitable, and the length of the tea row is about 50-60 meters; the stair tea garden is generally provided with a footpath in 8-10 rows, the width of the footpath is 2 meters, the transverse footpath is horizontally arranged, and the longitudinal footpath is arranged according to the terrain, so that a straight track, an I-shaped track and an S-shaped track can be built;
the main road, the branch road and the walking road are connected and communicated so as to be convenient for transportation;
the water irrigation and drainage ditch and the water storage pond capable of draining, irrigating and storing water are built in a planned way in the garden, the water conservancy facilities are drip-irrigated and irrigated, and the number and the depth width of the ditches are determined according to the drainage quantity and the water demand; a flood control ditch capable of preventing rainstorm from entering a tea garden is planned and established outside the tea garden, and the ditches are required to be ordered vertically and horizontally and communicated in size;
the water storage tank is mainly used for storing water and retting water and fertilizer, generally one water storage tank is built for each 10 mu of tea garden, and the depth and width are calculated according to the water storage amount of 1-2 cubic meters per mu;
1.2 reclamation method: the method of full reclamation is adopted in the garden, and the garden can be mechanically or manually reclaimed, wherein the whole garden is artificially reclaimed after being mechanically reclaimed;
the stair tea garden can adopt a technical method of digging a ditch and building a stair at the same time;
1.3 planting specification: tea trees are planted in a double-row single-plant strip row manner, the distance between tea rows is 150 cm-160 cm larger than that of the tea rows, and the distance between tea rows is 30 cm-40 cm smaller than that of the tea rows; the tea tree planting ditch is 50-60 cm wide and 40-50cm deep;
1.4 ditch returning method: loosening 10 cm of soil at the bottom layer when ditching in the tea garden, filling 10-15cm of base fertilizer into the middle layer, applying 4000 kg of manure, garbage, livestock manure, soil and miscellaneous fertilizers and the like and 200 jin of phosphate fertilizer into the base fertilizer per mu, filling 10-15cm of soil into the upper layer, and filling the 10-15cm of soil into the left layer when tea is to be planted;
s2, cultivation and management
2.1 field planting: the planting time of the tea trees is two seasons of spring and autumn;
spring: 2 middle and last ten days of the month; in autumn: 10 middle ten to 11 middle ten days, and autumn planting is the best;
the planting specification is planted according to the double-row staggered mode, and the planting is planted in the planting ditch according to the double-row single-plant mode;
planting tea seedlings with the plant spacing of 30-40 cm, treading the planted tea seedlings firmly, and then watering root fixing water;
2.2, fertilizer cultivation management: the newly-built tea garden does not need to be fertilized in the current year, and after the tea garden completely survives, additional fertilizer and base fertilizer are applied;
2.3, trimming: carrying out fixed pruning on young tea trees which are just planted, and after the tea trees are fixedly planted, carrying out first fixed pruning when the height of the seedlings reaches more than 15-20cm and the thickness of main branches reaches more than 3mm, and leaving the height of about 15cm after pruning so as to be beneficial to the growth of robust bone branches in the future;
s3, building a small circular arch shed
A circular small arched shed is also called a small greenhouse, is the most applied type in production, and is mainly constructed by the following steps: using moso bamboo chips, water bamboo poles or thin-wall steel pipes and other materials, bending into arch-shaped arches with the width of 50cm and the height of 40cm, then spanning the arches at the two ends of the tea row, inserting the arches into the soil deeply, controlling the distance between the arch-shaped arches to be 40-50cm, connecting the arch-shaped arches together by using bamboo poles and iron wires among the arch-shaped arches, and if the arch-shaped arches are firm, not connecting the arch-shaped arches;
a transparent plastic film is laid on the arch frame, the edges are buried with soil after the periphery is tensioned, and the upper surface of the shed film is fixed by a pressure bar or a pressure line, so that the small circular arch shed is ensured to be stable and firm;
the plastic film on the small circular arched shed covers the arched shed only in the low-temperature cold and tide weather in winter and in the high-temperature dry weather in summer;
after low-temperature cold tide weather and high-temperature dry weather pass, the plastic film can be properly torn off according to the weather, so that the tea seedlings can grow under natural conditions;
the round small arched shed aims at preserving heat and moisture;
s4 planting corn
After the tea garden is built, planting a row of corns among the large tea rows in a seeding mode before and after the beginning of 4 months in spring of the current year (or the next year);
the sowing method of the corn comprises the following steps: manually sowing in the tea row, namely holding a seed pot by hand, and then, ploughing 10-15cm in a shallow manner, and scattering seeds after a certain distance is formed;
the seeding distance must be controlled, which can lead to too far distance between corns or too close distance between corns;
after sowing, covering the corn seeds sowed in the furrow with soil by adopting a manual soil covering method;
after about 10 days of sowing, the corn seeds buried in the soil can be neatly and neatly drilled out to the soil;
when the corn seedlings grow to about 20-30cm, carrying out appropriate density thinning, pulling out the over-dense corn seedlings, or transplanting the over-dense corn seedlings to thinner corn rows, and then topdressing organic fertilizer 600 kg/mu in the corn rows;
one row of corns planted among each tea row is mainly characterized in that the corns among the tea rows can be cut off and laid among the tea rows after summer drought in the last 9 th ten days of summer planting;
the effects of preserving water and moisture, inhibiting the growth of weeds among tea rows and increasing organic matters in the tea garden are achieved;
s5, management
Strengthening management of a newly built tea garden, particularly paying attention to the influence of special severe weather on a young tea garden, clearing ditches and accumulated water in time, draining waterlogging and resisting drought, removing snow at low temperature and the like;
and (5) weeding in small tea rows from the last ten days of 9 months to the middle ten days of 10 months.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663182A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 庞群 | Soil improvement method for planting maize in tea field |
| CN107278772A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-10-24 | 郴州市莽山瑶益春茶业有限公司 | A kind of tea tree planting method |
| CN107484610A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-19 | 广西正道茶业有限公司 | A kind of diseases prevention implantation methods of tealeaves |
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2020
- 2020-11-15 CN CN202011274293.4A patent/CN112154851A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663182A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 庞群 | Soil improvement method for planting maize in tea field |
| CN107278772A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-10-24 | 郴州市莽山瑶益春茶业有限公司 | A kind of tea tree planting method |
| CN107484610A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-19 | 广西正道茶业有限公司 | A kind of diseases prevention implantation methods of tealeaves |
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| 中国土壤学会第九次全国会员代表大会: "《迈向21世纪的土壤科学——提高土壤质量促进农业持续发展》", 30 August 1999, 中国环境科学出版社 * |
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