CN111892667B - 含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物在制备医疗美容及保健品中的应用 - Google Patents
含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物在制备医疗美容及保健品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111892667B CN111892667B CN202010061966.1A CN202010061966A CN111892667B CN 111892667 B CN111892667 B CN 111892667B CN 202010061966 A CN202010061966 A CN 202010061966A CN 111892667 B CN111892667 B CN 111892667B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种医美及保健品载体,包括医美及保健品载体(a),该医美及保健品载体(a)为含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,该合氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物为氟化壳聚糖,含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上,该壳聚糖的分子量范围在1000‑5000000,脱乙酰度不小于55%且粘度范围为25‑1000厘泊,该医美及保健品载体能适用于生发药物和毛发护理药物、美容药物、保健药物。本发明的含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,尤其是氟化壳聚糖,具有可以与多种药物进行普适性结合,促进药物吸收,提高药物的生物利用度,降低药物剂量,减少药物毒性的优点,效果好,应用十分广泛,具有巨大的商业价值。并且本发明的含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物操作简易,具备商业化的基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物化学以及医用生物材料技术领域,具体设计基于氟化修饰改性的阳离子高分子药物载体及其医疗美容方面的应用。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平的提高,医疗美容产业也在迅速发展以满足旺盛的市场需求。传统的医疗美容药物透过表皮层或黏膜层的效率低,生物利用度低,往往需要大量反复用药。
正常脱落的头发都是处于退行期及休止期的毛发,由于进入退行期与新进入生长期的毛发不断处于动态平衡,故能维持正常数量的头发。脱发原因有雄激素性脱发、神经压力性脱发、内分泌脱发、营养性脱发、物理性脱发、化学性脱发、感染性脱发、症状性脱发、先天性脱发、季节性脱发等。即使已有药物进行短暂治疗,但疗效差,副作用明显,此外透皮效果差。示例性药物可以包括米诺地尔、非那雄胺、二甲双胍、线粒体丙酮酸转运蛋白的有效抑制剂(以下简称UK5099)等药物及其衍生物。
对于祛疤来说,疤痕是通常由于物理或化学因素导致皮肤软组织损伤、不能正常修护且纤维组织增生引起的局部疤痕症状。现有的真正能改善疤痕的治疗主要包括激光祛疤和化学药物祛疤。激光祛疤必须去正规医院进行,且价格昂贵,可行性较差。而药物祛疤主要包括激素类和维甲酸类。激素类药物见效快,但是容易导致激素依赖和色素沉着。而维甲酸类药物本身的刺激性较大,即便是正常表皮组织用药也极易引起红肿脱皮,给病人带来痛苦。
发明内容
鉴于透皮给药载体存在上述种种技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种透皮载体作为医疗美容及保健品的给药制剂,本专利以含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖为主体,可以制成相应的透皮制剂用于需要透过表皮层或粘膜层进行医疗美容及保健品的给药体系。该方法能够提高药物的递送效果,改善人们的使用感受,有很大的应用前景。所述药物可以为医疗美容药物。所述医疗美容药物包括但不限于毛发保健及美容药物,皮肤美容及保健药物。
本发明的一种医美及保健品载体,包括医美及保健品载体(a),所述医美及保健品载体(a)为含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,所述含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物为氟化壳聚糖,含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上,所述壳聚糖的分子量范围在 1000-5000000,脱乙酰度不小于55%且粘度范围为25-1000厘泊,所述医美及保健品载体能适用于生发药物和毛发护理药物、美容药物、保健药物。
进一步地,所述医美及保健品载体中的氟化壳聚糖为含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上,所述壳聚糖的分子量范围在1000-5000000,脱乙酰度不小于55%且粘度范围为25-1000厘泊,
所述含氟化合物为如下化学式(I)所示的含氟脂肪链,或式 (II)所示的芳香环功能基团,所述R1为卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)、卤素取代的烷烃、环烷烃、醛基、羧基、双键、炔键、羟基、磺酰氯、磺酸键或巯基这些能够与伯氨基反应的活性基团。
进一步地,所述氟化壳聚糖为全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖,所述全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖的氟化修饰程度范围为5%~50%,优选为18%~25%。
本发明一种制备上述全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖的方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取充分干燥的壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液中,搅拌使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.2-6.8;
(2)全氟庚酸(13氟庚酸)的活化:称取全氟庚酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入适量EDC,NHS避光充分搅拌;
(3)13F庚酸壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的全氟酸溶液缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌充分反应。
进一步地,包括如下步骤:
将充分反应的溶液缓慢滴加到氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中充分搅拌,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥,干燥后的沉淀物溶于盐酸溶液,冻干得全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐。
本发明的一种采用上述医美及保健品载体的药物复合物,包括医美及保健品载体(a) 和药物组分(b),所述药物组分(b)为,生发药物和毛发护理药物;或保湿、嫩肤、抗皱、祛斑、祛疤药物;或皮炎、湿疹皮肤病外用药物;或激素类药物或维A酸类药物;或维生素E、绿茶多酚类、乙酰半胱氨酸、辅酶Q10、超氧化物歧化酶。
本发明的一种医美及保健品载体制剂,所述制剂包括组分(a),所述组分(a)为含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,所述含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物能作为生发药物和毛发护理药物、美容药物、保健药物给药的制剂。
本发明的一种采用上述的医美及保健品载体制剂制备的用于生发的外用制剂,包括线粒体丙酮酸转运蛋白有效抑制剂UK5099、二甲双胍、米诺地尔、螺内酯、非那雄安与氟化壳聚糖形成的复合物,所述复合物的粒径范围为小于10微米,或所述复合物的粒径范围不大于500纳米,所述氟化壳聚糖与生发药物的质量比为1∶0.5-50。
本发明的一种采用上述的医美及保健品载体制剂制备的用于祛疤的复合物,包括以全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和聚肌胞苷酸为主体形成的复合物颗粒,所述粒径范围为小于10微米,或所述复合物颗粒为不大于500纳米的复合物,所述氟化壳聚糖与祛斑类药物的质量比为1∶0.5-50。
本发明的一种采用上述的医美及保健品载体制剂制备的治疗黄褐斑的药物复合物,所述复合物为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖包载氨甲环酸。所述氟化壳聚糖与黄褐斑治疗药物的质量比为1∶0.5-50。
本发明的一种作为医美及保健品载体载体用的氟化修饰的壳聚糖衍生物,具有如下结构:含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上,所述壳聚糖的分子量范围在 1000-5000000,
所述含氟化合物为如下化学式(I)所示的含氟脂肪链,或式(II)所示的芳香环功能基团,所述R1为卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)、卤素取代的烷烃、环烷烃、醛基、羧基、双键、炔键、羟基、磺酰氯、磺酸键或巯基这些能够与伯氨基反应的活性基团。
本发明的一种作为医美及保健品载体制剂用的氟化修饰的壳聚糖衍生物,具有如式 (IV)所示的含有伯氨基的壳聚糖分子骨架:
所述壳聚糖的伯氨基与含氟功能基团之间形成的连接基团为:-NH-、-N=C-、 -NHCH2CH(OH)-、-NHCH2CH(OH)CH2O-、 以及衍生基团;
所述含氟功能基团为含氟脂肪链、芳香环功能基团。
进一步地,所述式(I)中x为0-3的整数,y为0-20的整数,z为0-8的整数, R2为CF3、CHF2、CH2F、或CH3(当y不为0);
所述含氟脂肪链化合物是指含氟烃基及其衍生物,包括三氟乙酸、五氟丙酸、七氟丁酸、九氟戊酸、十一氟己酸、十三氟庚酸、十五氟辛酸、十七氟壬酸、十九氟奎酸、全氟丁酸酐、全氟庚酸酐、全氟癸酸酐、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基丙烯酸酯、 3-(1H,1H,5H八氟戊氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烯、九氟丁基璜酰胺酐及其衍生物。
进一步地,所述式(II)中R为H,CH3,OH,NO2,O,CF3,F,CH2OH,CN,NCO,或 (CF2)aCF3(a为1-20的整数)等,且至少一个R为F;
所述含氟芳香环化合物包括3-氟苯甲酸、3,5-二氟苯甲酸、2,3,5,6-四氟-4- 甲基苯甲酸、五氟苯甲酸、2-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲酸及其衍生物。
进一步地,所述壳聚糖和含氟化合物共价连接,在所述壳聚糖分子表面进行修饰,构成一种药物载体,其结构如式(V)所示,b、c均为20-500的整数,式(V)如下:
其中,B为含氟功能基团与壳聚糖伯氨基形成的连接基团,C为含氟脂肪链、芳香环功能基团。
本专利所述毛发保健及美容药物可以是生发药物和毛发护理药物。以含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖为主体,可以制成相应的透皮制剂用于治疗各种病因的脱发,制剂如喷雾剂、凝胶剂、膏剂、洗剂等。因此,以此类含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物作为药物载体透过表皮,可实现药物局部治疗到达皮下以及毛囊治疗脱发相关疾病。如实例1所述,含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖可以作为药物载体向皮下以及毛囊递送治疗药物,以喷雾剂的方式进行表皮局部给药,用于治疗脱发疾病。
所述皮肤美容及保健药物也可以是保湿、嫩肤、抗皱、祛斑、祛疤药物,或其他中医美容药物。药物可以达到加速血液循环,促进机体的新陈代谢及组织修复的作用。
所述药物可以是皮炎、湿疹等皮肤病外用药物,包括复方醋酸地塞米松乳膏(皮炎平)、复方硝酸咪康唑乳膏、酮康唑乳膏、曲安奈德益康唑乳膏、丹皮酚软膏、维A酸软膏、老鹳草软膏、复方双花藤直言擦剂、盐酸特比萘芬乳膏、卡泊三醇软膏、喷昔洛韦乳膏、阿昔洛韦凝胶、糠酸莫米松乳膏、曲嘧新乳膏、氧氟沙星凝胶、丁酸氢化可的松乳膏、硝酸咪康唑乳膏、醋酸曲安奈德益康唑软膏、甲硝唑凝胶、联苯苄唑乳膏等。
所述药物可以是激素类药物或维A酸类药物(又称维甲酸类药物)。所述激素类药物可以是糖皮质激素,如皮康王(氯倍他索)、皮炎平(地塞米松)、祛斑霜(含氯倍他索)、肤轻松等。糖皮质激素的治疗作用主要来自其抗炎作用,包括抑制溶酶体酶的释放、抑制对巨噬细胞的刺激及毛细血管的收缩作用等,但容易出现副作用如皮炎、毛囊炎等。所述维甲酸类药物包括非芳香甲酸类药物(如维A酸和异维A酸)、单芳香甲酸类药物(如异曲替酯和异曲替酸)、多芳香维A酸类药物(如芳香甲乙酯和阿达帕林)。维A酸类药物具有抗皮肤老化、减少表皮黑素、抑制皮脂产生、免疫调节的作用,可以护肤养颜、减轻皱纹、消退黄褐斑,治疗痤疮、色斑、角化异常等皮肤问题。但维 A酸类药物口服副作用大,表皮使用易引发局部刺激导致灼热感和微痛,临床使用收到了一定的限制。
特别地,对于祛疤来说,含氟化合物修饰的高分子可以改善渗透效率,从而减少药物在患处的用量,从而达到降低副作用的效果。在实例2中,本发明以含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物作为药物载体透过表皮,将聚肌胞苷酸递送到角质层以下,诱导内源性维甲酸的产生,实现药物局部治疗,以达到改善疤痕且低副作用的效果。
所述药物可以是外用抗氧化剂,包括维生素E、绿茶多酚类、乙酰半胱氨酸、辅酶Q10、超氧化物歧化酶等,可以有效对细胞中的氧化应激反应,达到抗衰老的目的。所述药物可以是ω-3脂肪酸、a-羟酸类、β-胡萝卜素等药物,达到增加皮肤弹性、胶原合成的作用。
所述皮肤美容及保健药物也可以是维生素与微量元素,改善肌肤的营养状态,美容养颜,延缓衰老。营养素如铁、碘、锌、维生素A、维生素B2、烟酸、生物素、叶酸、维生素B12、维生素C和维生素D的缺乏可能会损害生长并导致疾病,这是一个公众广泛关注的健康问题。尽管通过强化食物的营养可以有效地治疗营养素的缺乏,但仍存在营养素不够稳定,吸收效率不够高的问题。与游离的营养素相比,封装在纳米颗粒中的营养素更为稳定,但生物利用度较低。采用全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖作为载体的营养素制剂可以有效地改善生物利用度,促进营养素的吸收。
所述皮肤美容及保健药物也可以是中医美容药物,改善肤色暗沉、色素沉着、皮肤松弛、毛孔粗大、皮肤粗糙等皮肤问题或修复皮肤屏障,恢复肌肤健康。所述中医美容药物可以是延缓细胞老化药物(黄芪和人参的提取物);清除自由基药物(五味子、三七、提取物,类黄酮药物,丹参酸乙和丹酚酸C活性物);修复胶原药物(茯苓提取物,黄精和枸杞子,丹参酸乙和丹酚酸C活性物);免疫调节药物(五味子提取物,皂苷,菟丝子提取物);促进皮肤微循环药物(丹参提取物,类黄酮)等中药以及中草药。
黄褐斑为面部的黄褐色色素沉着,其病因复杂,治疗苦难,容易复发,给患者带来了很大的烦恼。药物治疗中往往采用抗氧化剂药物或糖皮质激素药物,如氨甲环酸、原花青素、谷胱甘肽、氢醌(又名对苯二酚)、维A酸、半胱胺盐、寡肽、Jessner溶液、水杨酸、乳酸。其中氨甲环酸能抑制角质形成细胞中紫外线诱导的纤溶酶活性,阻止纤溶酶原与角质细胞结合,降低前列腺素的合成,从而抑制色素产生。口服或局部注射氨甲环酸均可治疗黄褐斑。但口服前需筛查个人及家族的血栓血塞风险,局部给药时渗透效果不尽如人意。因此本发明以含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物作为药物载体透过表皮,实现药物局部治疗到达皮下治疗黄褐斑的效果。如实例3所述,含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖可以作为药物载体向皮下递送治疗药物,进行表皮局部给药,用于治疗黄褐斑。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖在促进药物吸收效率中的应用;提供一种含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖以及其作为多种药物载体的用途。
本专利所述的含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖,其中所述含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上;所述壳聚糖为分子量范围在1000-5000000,脱乙酰度在55%-100%,粘度在25-1000厘泊(1%醋酸溶液)的壳聚糖;所述药物为小分子药物、多肽、蛋白药物、不同药物的组合药物以及药物与其它药用辅料的组合药物,能够适用各种相关病症。
所述含氟化合物包括如下化学式(I)和式(II)/>所示的含氟脂肪链以及芳香环功能基团,其中R1为卤素(F,Cl,Br,I)、卤素取代的烷烃、环烷烃、醛基、羧基、双键、炔键、羟基、磺酰氯、磺酸键、巯基等可以与伯氨基反应的活性基团;
式(I)中x为0-3的整数,y为0-20的整数,z为0-8的整数,R2为CF3、CHF2、 CH2F、或CH3(当y不为0);所述含氟脂肪链化合物包括三氟乙酸、五氟丙酸、七氟丁酸、九氟戊酸、十一氟己酸、十三氟庚酸、十五氟辛酸、十七氟壬酸、十九氟奎酸、全氟丁酸酐、全氟庚酸酐、全氟癸酸酐、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基丙烯酸酯、 3-(1H,1H,5H八氟戊氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烯、九氟丁基璜酰胺酐及其衍生物等。
式(II)中R为H,CH3,OH,NO2,O,CF3,F,CH2OH,CN,NCO,或(CF2)aCF3(a 为1-20的整数)等,且至少一个R为F;所述含氟芳香环化合物包括3-氟苯甲酸、3, 5-二氟苯甲酸、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-甲基苯甲酸、五氟苯甲酸、2-氟-3-(三氟甲基) 苯甲酸及其衍生物。
含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖结构如式(III)所示。
其中,A为含有伯氨基的壳聚糖分子骨架,如式(IV)所示:
B为含氟功能基团与壳聚糖伯氨基形成的连接基团,如-NH-、-N=C-、 -NHCH2CH(OH)-、-NHCH2CH(OH)CH2O-、 等以及衍生基团。
C为含氟脂肪链、芳香环功能基团。
本发明所述壳聚糖和含氟化合物是共价连接,在所述壳聚糖分子表面进行修饰,构成一种新型的含氟脂肪链或芳香环化合物修饰的壳聚糖药物载体,例如可以用于促透皮吸收的药物载体,其结构如式(V)所示,b、c均为20-500的整数。
所述壳聚糖是分子量范围在1000-5000000,脱乙酰度在55%-95%,粘度在 25-1000厘泊(1%醋酸溶液)的壳聚糖。其结构如式(IV)所示,n均为20-2000的整数,该壳聚糖高分子表面具有伯胺基团。
本发明中″含氟脂肪链″是指含氟烃基及其衍生物,例如三氟乙酸、五氟丙酸、七氟丁酸、九氟戊酸、十一氟己酸、十三氟庚酸、十五氟辛酸、十七氟壬酸、十九氟奎酸、全氟丁酸酐、全氟庚酸酐、全氟癸酸酐、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基丙烯酸酯、 3-(1H,1H,5H八氟戊氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烯、九氟丁基璜酰胺酐及其衍生物;所述含氟脂肪链是带有可以与氨基反应的活性基团的一类含氟化合物。结构举例如式(VI) 所示:
其中A为-COOH、等能够与伯氨基反应的活性基团,x为0-3的整数,y为 0-8的整数。
本发明中″含氟芳香环化合物″是指3-氟苯甲酸、3,5-二氟苯甲酸、2,3,5, 6-四氟-4-甲基苯甲酸、五氟苯甲酸、2-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲酸及其衍生物等,所述含氟芳香环化合物是带有可以与氨基反应的活性基团的一类含氟化合物。结构举例如式 (VII)所示:
本发明提出一种复合物包括含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖以及药物,所述药物包括小分子药物、多肽、蛋白药物、不同药物的组合药物以及药物与其它药用辅料的组合药物,以及其在促进药物吸收中的用途。
本专利提供的氟化壳聚糖药物载体,具有促进药物吸收效果明显,低毒性等优点,并且本发明提出的含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖合成工艺成熟、操作简易,合成效率高,周期短,无需繁琐的纯化步骤即可获得高产率的药物载体,其简易的合成方法为其提供了商业化的良好基础,本发明所述的含氟化合物修饰的壳聚糖具有作为多种药物载体的用途,能够有效的提升治疗效果,具有广泛的用途,并且成本较低。
进一步的,本专利所述技术方案所产生的透皮效应是临时性的,在除去药物后,皮肤角质层细胞即会关闭通道,保护人体安全。皮肤由表皮和真皮组成,其中表皮由浅入深依次为角质层、透明层、颗粒层和生发层。真皮由致密结缔组织构成,由浅入深依次为乳头层和网状层。乳头层与表皮的生发层相连,其中有丰富的毛细血管、淋巴管、神经末梢和触觉小体等感受器。角质层是透皮给药的最大的限流屏障,大部分皮肤的角质层由5-25层扁平角质细胞组成,这些细胞无细胞核,细胞器,细胞膜较厚,无生命,不透水,具有防止组织液外流,抗磨擦和防感染等功能。含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物可以通过刺激这些细胞的紧密连接蛋白分布改变,降低细胞间紧密连接,并进一步刺激肌动蛋白磷酸化,从而促进细胞旁运,打开细胞间隙,形成通道,并携带药物透过角质层,进一步深入皮肤,而后进入真皮层,进入皮肤毛细血管与淋巴循环并发挥药物作用
本专利提供的含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,尤其是氟化壳聚糖,具有可以与多种药物进行普适性结合,促进药物吸收,提高药物的生物利用度,降低药物剂量,减少药物毒性的优点,效果好,应用十分广泛,具有巨大的商业价值。并且本发明提出的含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物操作简易,具备商业化的基础。
附图说明
图1为不同比例的全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与具有生发治疗效果的小分子药物UK5099不同时间体外透皮的递送效率。
图2为不同比例的全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与具有生发治疗效果的小分子药物UK5099不同时间体外透皮的累积透过量。
图3为经不同治疗方式治疗的不同时间点小鼠背部毛发生长情况。其中,FCS-二甲双胍为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖修饰上二甲双胍进行透皮的实验组,二甲双胍为游离药物组。
图4中左图为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和poly(I:C)的混合物对于小鼠成纤维细胞产生维甲酸的效率,右图为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和poly(I:C)的混合物涂抹于小鼠疤痕后的效果图。
图5为在扩散池透大鼠皮实验中,全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与氨甲环酸混合和单纯氨甲环酸在三小时内氨甲环酸的累计透过大鼠皮的累计百分比【(累计透过量/理论全部透过量)X100%】。
具体实施方式
实施例1:制备全氟庚酸不同修饰程度的壳聚糖(脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度100-200mpa.s),其中全氟庚酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分别为1∶33.6、1∶16.8、1∶8.4、1∶4.2。
具体方法:
(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取200mg充分干燥的壳聚糖加入10ml1%的醋酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加1.6ml0.5M的氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.5左右。如此方法制备4份壳聚糖醋酸水溶液。(2)全氟庚酸(13氟庚酸)的活化:分别称取13mg、26mg、51.5mg、103mg全氟庚酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入适量EDC,NHS避光搅拌1h。(3)13F庚酸壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的全氟酸溶液分别缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌反应20 h。反应结束,依次将反应缓慢滴加到100ml0.5M氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中搅拌8h,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥 30min。干燥后的沉淀物溶于10ml 0.1M盐酸溶液,冻干得外观白色粉末的不同氟化修饰程度全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐分子(产物命名为13FCS-1,13FCS-2,13FCS-3, 13FCS-4)。
本专利所使用的全氟庚酸修饰的氟化壳聚糖均为全氟庚酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分为1∶4.2(产物命名为13FCS-4)的氟化壳聚糖。
实施例2:以目前已知的具有一定生发治疗效果的小分子药物UK5099为例,利用含氟修饰的壳聚糖包载药物,研究不同比例的全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与药物的体外透皮能力。以小分子药物二甲双胍为例,利用含氟修饰的壳聚糖包载药物,研究动物生发实际效果。
具体方法:
1.为观测不同比例全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖的透膜效果,进行体外扩散实验。取小鼠背部皮肤,去脂肪,将皮固定在Franz扩散池上,其中,全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与UK5099的比例为1∶1,2.5∶1,5∶1,10∶1。每组均在上药后5分钟,30分钟,1小时,2 小时,3小时,4小时,7小时,10小时,24小时取样,检测不同时间点接受液中UK5099 的浓度,计算累积透过百分比,比较透膜效果。实验结果如图1至图2。最后选用蛋白与全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖为1∶1的比例进行系列动物实验。
2.制备全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖-二甲双胍生发液:首先溶解含全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖固体粉末,在不断搅拌的情况下逐滴滴加溶解二甲双胍的液体,使得最终二甲双胍浓度为2mg/mL,全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖浓度为2mg/mL。
3.选用第6周的处于毛发禁止期的Balb/c小鼠,将全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖-二甲双胍组、游离二甲双胍组、空白对照组的小鼠于治疗前一天分别除去背部等面积毛发并拍照如图。每只小鼠按照各自的治疗方式均匀喷射药物,每两天给一次药,每次给药均为100微升,治疗后第11天、13天、17天的照片如图3以及表2-1。
实验结果:从图中可以看出,虽然存在小鼠个体差异,但含全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖组的小鼠对比游离药物以及对照组明显有生发趋势。
表2-1
实施例3:制备以全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖(FCS)和聚肌胞苷酸 (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid,poly(I:C))为主体的祛疤膏,诱导内源性维甲酸的产生,从而利用维甲酸来改善疤痕。
具体方法:
1、制备全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖-胰岛素混合物:将全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与 poly(I:C)分别溶于超纯水中使其溶解均匀,两者混合后,全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和胰岛素由于静电吸附作用结合在一起,其中以质量比为1∶1的比例混合,形成稳定的纳米颗粒。
2、通过体外L929(小鼠成纤维细胞)的维甲酸刺激实验对动物实验的祛疤效果进行可行性分析:将L929铺于细胞培养6孔板当中,每孔培养基定为3mL体积。在培养基中加入poly(I:C),全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和poly(I:C)以及全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖的混合物,使最终poly(I:C)和全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖的浓度均为1μg/mL。L929培养48h 后,收集培养基和细胞,离心取上清。将上清以1∶5的比例和五倍体积乙醚丙酮混合液(乙醚∶丙酮=1∶8)均匀混合,收集上层油相。用氮气浓缩油相体积,再用HPLC (高效液相色谱法)来检测细胞分泌的维甲酸含量。
3、制备全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与poly(I:C)的祛疤膏:将poly(I:C)和全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖1∶1预混合,再与等体积的Aquaphor@软膏混匀,得到全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与poly(I:C)的祛疤膏。
4、通过小鼠疤痕的形貌变化来预判断全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与poly(I:C)祛疤膏的祛疤效果:将10-12周的雌性Balb/c小鼠以异氟烷麻醉,背部剪去3mm×10mm的皮肤,涂上碘伏,制作成开放性伤口,一周内小鼠皮肤愈合脱痂,两个月后开始进行祛疤实验。将全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与poly(I:C)祛疤膏的疤痕上,每天涂抹,以周为单位对小鼠疤痕的形貌进行观察和评价。
实验结果:参见图4,左图为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和poly(I:C)的混合物对于小鼠成纤维细胞产生维甲酸的效率(纵坐标Mass of RA含义为维甲酸产生效率),右图为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和poly(I:C)的混合物涂抹于小鼠疤痕后的效果图。
如图4所示,通过HPLC的检测和分析,发现与空白组、单独全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和单独poly(I:C)相比,在体外全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖和poly(I:C)混合物能显著提高小鼠成纤维细胞的维甲酸生成量。而经过7天的涂抹,小鼠疤痕明显变平滑。以上结果共同表明,含利用全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖作为载体递送poly(I:C)能够成功实现体外细胞维甲酸的生成量,且在活体疤痕模型中有明显效果,具备转化价值。
实施例4:以治疗黄褐斑药物氨甲环酸为例,以含氟修饰的壳聚糖包载氨甲环酸,利用扩散池探究其透皮能力。
具体方法:
1.制备全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖-氨甲环酸溶液:将固体粉末全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖溶于PBS中,与溶于PBS的氨甲环酸1∶1混合,涡旋振荡5分钟,使两者以静电作用力结合,最终溶液中全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖与氨甲环酸的终浓度都为1mg/mL。
2.体外扩散池搭建:将大鼠腹部皮肤取下,剃去脂肪层,固定在扩散池上,在皮肤下部扩散池加入7.5mL PBS,在皮肤上部扩散池加入0.75mL全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖-氨甲环酸和同浓度单纯氨甲环酸溶液。
3.氨甲环酸透过率测定:在0,1,3h从底部扩散池取出500μL PBS并补入同样体积的PBS。以甲醇与0.05mol/LKH2PO4-0.2%H3PO4溶液(体积比为5∶95)为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为210nm的HPLC条件下检测氨甲环酸 (tranexamic acid)含量,并计算累计透过量,结果如图所示,横坐标为时间,纵坐标含义为累计透过量。
实验结果:如图5所示,在前三个小时内,混合了全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖的氨甲环酸能够达到30%的累计透过量,而单纯的氨甲环酸分子基本没有透过。证明了全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖-氨甲环酸具有较好的透皮肤能力,能够用于皮肤病黄褐斑的治疗。
实施例5:制备3-氟苯甲酸不同修饰程度的壳聚糖(脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度100-200mpa.s),其中3-氟苯甲酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分别为1∶2.1、1∶4.2、 1∶8.4、1∶16.8。
合成方法:(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取200mg充分干燥的壳聚糖加入10ml1%的醋酸水溶液中,当然也可以采用盐酸水溶液,搅拌30min使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加1.6ml0.5M的氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.5左右。单纯考虑碱化溶液的角度氢氧化钠可以被氨水,三乙胺等碱替换,但是从产品工艺角度使用氢氧化钠的副产物是氯化钠,更适合工业化。如此方法制备4份壳聚糖醋酸水溶液。(2)3-氟苯甲酸的活化:分别称取82mg、41mg、20mg、10mg的3-氟苯甲酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入反应量EDC,NHS避光搅拌1h。(3)3-氟苯甲酰壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的3-氟苯甲酸溶液分别缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌反应20h。反应结束,依次将前述反应后的溶液缓慢滴加到100ml 0.5M氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中搅拌8h,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥30min。干燥后的沉淀物溶于10ml 0.1M盐酸溶液,冻干得外观白色粉末的不同氟化修饰程度3-氟苯甲酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐分子(产物命名为1FCS-1,1FCS-2,1FCS-3,1FCS-4)。
以上反应所得材料以茚三酮反应法检测氟化修饰的壳聚糖(FCS)高分子表面修饰氟化脂肪链的修饰度。茚三酮反应法是一种简单、快速、准确、可靠的方法,可以准确检测水溶液中FCS高分子表面伯氨基团的数量,近而计算出FCS表面氟化基团的数量。
实施例6:制备七氟丁酸不同修饰程度的壳聚糖(脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度100-200mpa.s),其中全氟庚酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分别为1∶2.1、1∶4.2、1∶8.4、 1∶16.8。
合成方法:(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取200mg充分干燥的壳聚糖加入10ml1%的醋酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加1.6ml 0.5M的氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.5左右。如此方法制备4份壳聚糖醋酸水溶液。(2)七氟丁酸的活化:分别称取125.3mg、62.67mg、31.3mg、15.7mg七氟丁酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入反应量EDC,NHS避光搅拌1h。(3)七氟丁酸壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的七氟丁酸溶液分别缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌反应20h。反应结束,依次将反应缓慢滴加到100ml 0.5M氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中搅拌8h,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥30min。干燥后的沉淀物溶于10ml 0.1M盐酸溶液,冻干得外观白色粉末的不同氟化修饰程度全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐分子(产物命名为7FCS-1, 7FCS-2,7FCS-3,7FCS-4)。
以上反应所得材料以茚三酮反应法检测FCS(氟化修饰的壳聚糖)高分子表面修饰氟化脂肪链的修饰度。茚三酮反应法是一种简单、快速、准确、可靠的方法,可以准确检测水溶液中FCS高分子表面伯氨基团的数量,近而计算出FCS表面氟化基团的数量。茚三酮反应法计算以上制备FCS的氟化修饰程度依次为:7FCS-1,6.9%;7FCS-2,10.4%; 7FCS-3,23.5%;7FCS-4,42.3%。
实施例7:制备全氟庚酸不同修饰程度的壳聚糖(脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度100-200mpa.s),其中全氟庚酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分别为1∶2.2、1∶4.2、1∶8.4、 1∶16.8。
合成方法:(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取200mg充分干燥的壳聚糖加入10ml1%的醋酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加1.6ml 0.5M的氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.5左右。如此方法制备4份壳聚糖醋酸水溶液。(2)全氟庚酸(13氟庚酸)的活化:分别称取206mg、103mg、51.5mg、26mg全氟庚酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入适量EDC,NHS避光搅拌1h。(3)13F庚酸壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的全氟酸溶液分别缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌反应20h。反应结束,依次将反应缓慢滴加到100ml 0.5M氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中搅拌8h,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥30min。干燥后的沉淀物溶于10ml 0.1M盐酸溶液,冻干得外观白色粉末的不同氟化修饰程度全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐分子(产物命名为13FCS-1, 13FCS-2,13FCS-3,13FCS-4)。
茚三酮反应法计算以上制备FCS的氟化修饰程度依次为:13FCS-1,5.2%;13FCS-2, 11.3%;13FCS-3,21.4%;13FCS-4,42.5%。13FCS-1~13FCS-413氟庚羰基基团的连接效率随着全氟庚酸投料的增加为5.2%~42.5%,即平均每个壳聚糖分子中有 5.2%~42.5%的葡萄糖结构单元中完成了氟化修饰,产物命名为13FCS-1,13FCS-2, 13FCS-3,13FCS-4。
实施例8:制备19F癸酸不同修饰程度的壳聚糖(脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度100-200mpa.s),其中19F癸酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分别为1∶4.2,1∶8.4。合成方法:(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取200mg充分干燥的壳聚糖加入10ml1%的醋酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加1.6ml 0.5M的氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.5左右。如此方法制备2份壳聚糖醋酸水溶液。(2)19F癸酸的活化:分别称取146.8mg、73.4mg19F癸酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入适量EDC,NHS避光搅拌1h。(3)19F癸酸壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的19F癸酸溶液分别缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌反应20h。反应结束,依次将反应缓慢滴加到100ml 0.5M氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中搅拌8h,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥30min。干燥后的沉淀物溶于10ml 0.1M盐酸溶液,冻干得外观白色粉末的不同氟化修饰程度19F癸酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐分子(产物命名为19FCS-1,19FCS-2)。
19FCS-2的水溶性比较差,无法进行后续的表征及应用评价,故用茚三酮反应法计算以上制备19FCS-1的氟化修饰程度依次为:19FCS-1,5.2%。
本专利所使用的全氟庚酸修饰的氟化壳聚糖均为实施例5中全氟庚酸与N氨基葡萄糖单元的投料摩尔比例分为1∶4.2的氟化壳聚糖。
如下为实施例5中氟化壳聚糖结构示意。
其中,A为含有伯氨基的壳聚糖分子骨架如下所示:
其中,B为含氟功能基团与壳聚糖伯氨基形成的连接基团,此处为酰胺键即
其中,C为含氟脂肪链、芳香环功能基团;此专利中采用全氟庚酸,结构式如下:
本专利对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使得本技术领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理与特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种医美及保健品载体,包括医美及保健品载体a,所述医美及保健品载体a为含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,所述含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物为氟化壳聚糖,含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上,所述壳聚糖的伯氨基与含氟功能基团之间形成的连接基团为:-NH-、-N=C-、-NHCH2CH(OH)-、-NHCH2CH(OH)CH2O-、以及衍生基团;
所述壳聚糖的分子量范围在1000-5000000,脱乙酰度不小于55%且粘度范围为25-1000厘泊,所述医美及保健品载体能适用于生发药物和毛发护理药物、美容药物、保健药物;
所述含氟化合物为如化学式Ⅰ所示的含氟脂肪链,或式Ⅱ/>所示的芳香环功能基团,或所述含氟脂肪链结构为式Ⅵa/>式Ⅵc/>式Ⅵd/>或式Ⅵe/>所述R1为氟、氯、溴、碘、卤素取代的烷烃、环烷烃、醛基、羧基、羟基、磺酰氯、磺酸键或巯基,所述式Ⅰ中x为0-3的整数,y为0-20的整数,z为0-8的整数,R2为CF3、CHF2、CH2F,当y不为0时,R2为CH3,式Ⅵa、Ⅵc、Ⅵd或Ⅵe中x为0-3的整数,y为0-8的整数;
所述式Ⅱ中R为H,CH3,OH,NO2,CF3,F,CH2OH,CN,NCO,或(CF2)aCF3,a为1-20的整数,且至少一个R为F。
2.根据权利要求1所述医美及保健品载体,其特征在于:所述氟化壳聚糖为全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖,所述全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖的氟化修饰程度范围为5%~50%。
3.根据权利要求2所述医美及保健品载体,其特征在于:所述全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖的氟化修饰程度范围为18%~25%。
4.一种制备权利要求2或3所述全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖的方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)制备壳聚糖醋酸水溶液:称取充分干燥的壳聚糖加入醋酸水溶液中,搅拌使充分溶解,随后缓慢滴加氢氧化钠,搅拌至溶液澄清,pH在6.2-6.8;
(2)全氟庚酸的活化:称取全氟庚酸,将其溶于适量无水二甲基亚砜中,依次加入适量EDC,NHS避光充分搅拌;
(3)全氟庚酸壳聚糖的制备:将上述活化好的全氟酸溶液缓慢滴加到快速搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,避光搅拌充分反应。
5.根据权利要求4所述制备全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖的方法,其进一步包括如下步骤:
将充分反应的溶液缓慢滴加到氢氧化钾乙醇溶液中充分搅拌,过滤沉淀,用大量无水乙醇冲洗,至滤液呈中性,沉淀经甲醇、乙醚洗涤脱水,真空干燥,干燥后的沉淀物溶于盐酸溶液,冻干得全氟庚酸氟化壳聚糖盐酸盐。
6.一种采用权利要求1所述医美及保健品载体的药物复合物,包括医美及保健品载体a和药物组分b;所述药物组分b为生发药物和毛发护理药物,或保湿、嫩肤、抗皱、祛斑、祛疤药物,或皮炎、湿疹皮肤病外用药物,或激素类药物或维A酸类药物,或维生素E、绿茶多酚类、乙酰半胱氨酸、辅酶Q10、超氧化物歧化酶。
7.一种医美及保健品载体制剂,所述制剂包括组分a,所述组分a为权利要求1所述的含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物,所述含氟化合物修饰的阳离子聚合物能作为生发药物和毛发护理药物、美容药物、保健药物给药的载体制剂。
8.一种采用权利要求1所述的医美及保健品载体制备的用于生发的外用制剂,其特征在于:包括线粒体丙酮酸转运蛋白有效抑制剂UK5099、二甲双胍、米诺地尔、螺内酯、非那雄安与氟化壳聚糖形成的复合物,所述复合物的粒径范围为小于10微米,或所述复合物的粒径范围不大于500纳米,所述氟化壳聚糖与生发药物的质量比为1:0.5-50。
9.一种采用权利要求1所述的医美及保健品载体制备的用于祛疤的复合物,其特征在于:包括以氟化壳聚糖和聚肌胞苷酸为主体形成的复合物颗粒,所述氟化壳聚糖为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖,所述复合物颗粒的粒径范围为小于10微米,或所述复合物颗粒为不大于500纳米的复合物,所述氟化壳聚糖与祛斑类药物的质量比为1:0.5-50。
10.一种采用权利要求1所述的医美及保健品载体制备的治疗黄褐斑的药物复合物,其特征在于:所述复合物为氟化壳聚糖包载氨甲环酸,所述氟化壳聚糖为全氟庚酸修饰的壳聚糖,所述氟化壳聚糖与黄褐斑治疗药物的质量比为1:0.5-50。
11.一种作为医美及保健品载体制剂用的氟化修饰的壳聚糖衍生物,具有如下结构:含氟化合物共价连接在壳聚糖主链上,所述壳聚糖的分子量范围在1000-5000000,
所述含氟化合物为如化学式Ⅰ所示的含氟脂肪链,或式Ⅱ/>所示的芳香环功能基团,或所述含氟脂肪链结构为式Ⅵa/>式Ⅵc/>式Ⅵd/>或式Ⅵe/>所述R1为氟、氯、溴、碘、卤素取代的烷烃、环烷烃、醛基、羧基、羟基、磺酰氯、磺酸键或巯基;
壳聚糖衍生物具有如式Ⅳ所示的含有伯氨基的壳聚糖分子骨架:
所述壳聚糖的伯氨基与含氟功能基团之间形成的连接基团为:-NH-、-N=C-、-NHCH2CH(OH)-、-NHCH2CH(OH)CH2O-、以及衍生基团,所述壳聚糖和含氟化合物共价连接;
所述式Ⅰ中x为0-3的整数,y为0-20的整数,z为0-8的整数,R2为CF3、CHF2、CH2F,当y不为0时,R2为CH3;式Ⅵa、Ⅵc、Ⅵd或Ⅵe中x为0-3的整数,y为0-8的整数;
所述式Ⅱ中R为H,CH3,OH,NO2,CF3,F,CH2OH,CN,NCO,或(CF2)aCF3,a为1-20的整数,且至少一个R为F;
所述含氟功能基团为含氟脂肪链、芳香环功能基团。
12.根据权利要求11所述的作为医美及保健品载体制剂用的氟化修饰的壳聚糖衍生物,其特征在于:所述含氟脂肪链化合物是指含氟烃基及其衍生物,选自三氟乙酸、五氟丙酸、七氟丁酸、九氟戊酸、十一氟己酸、十三氟庚酸、十五氟辛酸、十七氟壬酸、十九氟奎酸、全氟丁酸酐、全氟庚酸酐、全氟癸酸酐、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基丙烯酸酯。
13.根据权利要求11所述的作为医美及保健品载体制剂用的氟化修饰的壳聚糖衍生物,其特征在于:所述含氟芳香环化合物选自3-氟苯甲酸、3,5-二氟苯甲酸、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-甲基苯甲酸、五氟苯甲酸、2-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲酸。
14.根据权利要求11所述的作为医美及保健品载体制剂用的氟化修饰的壳聚糖衍生物,其特征在于:在所述壳聚糖分子表面进行修饰,构成一种药物载体,其结构如式V所示,b、c均为20-500的整数,式V如下:
其中,B为含氟功能基团与壳聚糖伯氨基形成的连接基团,C为含氟脂肪链、芳香环功能基团。
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US20220273806A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 |
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