CN111820416A - 一种小藻油微胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种小藻油微胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820416A CN111820416A CN202010665449.5A CN202010665449A CN111820416A CN 111820416 A CN111820416 A CN 111820416A CN 202010665449 A CN202010665449 A CN 202010665449A CN 111820416 A CN111820416 A CN 111820416A
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- microalgae oil
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Abstract
本发明提供一种小藻油微胶囊及其制备方法,芯材主要为小藻油,壁材为酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β‑环糊精、壳聚糖和低聚甘露糖,壁材原料质量百分比分别为酪蛋白40~60%、多孔淀粉30~40%、β‑环糊精1~10%、壳聚糖1~10%、低聚甘露糖1~10%,芯材中还含有乳化剂、稳定剂和抗氧化剂。本发明提供的小藻油微胶囊不仅含油率高(50%),而且包埋率也高(≥95%),堆密度0.4≥g/ml,流动性非常好;表面油含量低(0.58%~1.75%),过氧化值低(0.023~0.22 g/100g),在40℃可存放3个月以上,说明25℃下货期为2年以上,具有非常高的稳定性;且水中分散非常好,不结块,添加到其他食用中不会改变原来的溶解性、分散性,可以直接添加至粉末食品中,应用广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物油脂加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种小藻油微胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术:
小藻油是一种纯植物性油脂,从发酵的藻类中提取所得,含有非常高的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸,如二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA),多不饱和脂肪酸具有预防心血管疾病、抗癌效果,通过降低胆固醇和脂肪含量来促进血液循环,DHA不仅是大脑和视网膜重要成分,而且对机体的生长、发育也非常重要,EPA具有降血压、抗炎症效果,同时对治疗冠状动脉心脏病也有一定效果。
小藻油中多不饱和脂肪酸易氧化,对储存、运输增加难度,液体油可应用范围较小,制备成微胶囊粉末不仅有效隔绝空气减少氧化,同时应用范围更广泛。微胶囊是以高分子物质为微型容器,例如蛋白、淀粉、胶体等,易氧化的液体油脂为芯材,包埋成微小的固体颗粒,从而降低油脂的氧化,延长保质期。
专利号CN201510688093.6《一种以魔芋胶为壁材包埋微藻油制成微胶囊的方法》该专利公开了壁材与芯材质量比为4.37,含油率低,只有18.6%;专利号CN201510106829.4《高稳定性藻油DHA微胶囊粉末及其制备方法》公开了利用水溶性糊精、变性淀粉、葡萄糖粉包埋藻油DHA,包埋的效果较好,但是含油率比较低,此外,向变性淀粉直接加入70-80℃热水,可能导致结块成团,增加搅拌溶解的难度跟时间。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种小藻油微胶囊及其制备方法,该制备方法工艺简单容易进行生产化,制备出的样品不仅含油量高,包埋效果也很好,流动性及稳定性好,实现延长保质期,应用范围广泛。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的小藻油微胶囊,芯材主要为小藻油,其特征在于,壁材为酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、壳聚糖和低聚甘露糖,壁材原料质量百分比分别为酪蛋白40~60%、多孔淀粉30~40%、β-环糊精1~10%、壳聚糖1~10%、低聚甘露糖1~10%,芯材中还含有乳化剂、稳定剂和抗氧化剂。
作为优化,所述小藻油和壁材的质量配比为50~60:100。
作为优化,所述壁材的质量配比为:酪蛋白20 kg、多孔淀粉20kg、β-环糊精5kg、壳聚糖2.5kg%、低聚甘露糖2kg。
作为优化,所述乳化剂为乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯,添加量为芯材质量的0.2~1%。
作为优化,所述稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,添加量为芯材质量的0.2~1%。
作为优化,所述抗氧化剂为羟基硬脂精,添加量为芯材质量的0.2~1%。
本发明提供的小藻油微胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)优选壁材按比例混合,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至80-100℃,保温20~30min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)将优选油相的抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂加入芯材小藻油中,搅拌混合,经过真空脱气,再升温50-60℃,保温20-30min,搅拌混合均匀;
(3)将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持60-80℃,搅拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,再高压均质:10-30MPa均质1-3次,30-50MPa均质1-3次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度160-180℃,出风温度80~100℃,进料温度20~35℃,进料速度为40~60 L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
本发明步骤(1)中先加冷水搅拌,待壁材吸水溶胀再加热,如此,水分子可以彻底渗透,加热后壁材出现高度膨胀,变成半透明溶液,此步骤不仅可以促进溶解,还达到灭菌效果。
本发明步骤(2)中经过真空脱气处理脱除氧气,减少油脂与氧气的接触,减少加热过程油脂氧化,同时也可以降低油脂酸价。
本发明步骤(2)中加热藻油,方便混合均匀,混合藻油在低温或常温放置久,可能存在分层或者沉淀,上下层分布不均匀,且流动性差,加热使藻油有更好的流动性,助于搅拌混合均匀,利于分散、乳化,增加乳化效果。
本发明步骤(4)中胶体磨是通过动齿和定齿旋转,使初乳化液受到剪切、摩擦、漩涡等物理作用,增加芯材和壁材之间的接触。使初乳化液更有效地粉碎、分散和均质,达到超细粉碎及更好的乳化效果。
本发明步骤(4)中初乳化液经过胶体磨乳化过程温度保持40-60℃,经过高压均质后乳化液粒径分布均匀,且都在毫米以下,200-800nm之间。
与现有技术相比,本发明得到小藻油微胶囊粉末的制备方法有以下优点:
(1)壁材采用酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β -环糊精、壳聚糖和低聚甘露糖,其质量百分比分别为40~60%、30~40%、1~10%、1~10%、1~10%;先加冷水搅拌,待壁材吸水溶胀再加热,如此,水分子可以彻底渗透,加热后壁材出现高度膨胀,变成半透明溶液,此步骤不仅可以促进溶解,还达到灭菌效果。壁材中,酪蛋白是含钙磷的乳源高质蛋白,既是幼儿氨基酸来源,同时也是钙和磷的来源,加入配方后可以补充蛋白质,营养更加均衡,应用广泛,包括婴幼儿奶粉,而且酪蛋白具有非常好的乳化性,有助于微胶囊表面光滑细致,保持完整性;多孔淀粉是一种新型变性淀粉,安全无毒、具有非常高效的吸附性包埋材料,多孔淀粉与原淀粉相比,有相同的物理化学特性,但比表面积高、孔隙率高、负载量大,有广阔的应用前景;β-环糊精低粘度,对于黏稠度高的油,如本发明中的小藻油非常有效,成膜快,吸湿性低,不易结块;低聚甘露糖具有低甜度特点,食用不会引发龋齿,同时也不增加血糖浓度,是新一代的功能性食品;壳聚糖的成膜性非常突出,与多孔淀粉可以产生协同效果,减少塌陷;乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯提高油水相容,防止油水分离,羧甲基纤维素钠既可稳定酪蛋白,也可以降低油脂与水的表面张力,有助于油脂充分乳化,羟基硬脂精提高油脂抗氧化性稳定性,避免乳化过程油脂氧化。多孔淀粉表面积高、孔隙率高、负载量大,将油脂吸附于空穴中,利用β-环糊精、壳聚糖成膜特性,对吸附油脂的多孔淀粉进行包裹填充,小分子低聚甘露糖辅助填充,大分子酪蛋白在微球外围包裹,酪蛋白助于油脂乳化同时也助于微胶囊表面光滑细致、完整,多种壁材通过协同相互作用,对油脂吸附填充包埋,减少塌陷,得到光滑细致、完整的微胶囊。
(2)本发明油脂经过真空脱气处理脱除氧气,减少油脂与氧气的接触,减少加热过程油脂氧化,同时也可以降低油脂酸价;加热使藻油有更好的流动性,助于搅拌混合均匀,利于分散、乳化,增加乳化效果;本发明中应用胶体磨增加壁材于芯材的接触,再经过高压均质机得到稳定的乳液体系,喷雾干燥可以快速蒸干水分,最高程度保持微胶囊的完整度,工艺简单,可操作性强,非常容易实现大规模生产
(3)本发明制备的小藻油微胶囊不仅含油率高(50%),而且包埋率也高(≥95%),堆密度0.4≥g/ml,流动性非常好;表面油含量低(0.58%~1.75%),过氧化值低(0.023~0.22 g/100g),在40℃可存放3个月以上,说明25℃下货期为2年以上,具有非常高的稳定性;本发明制备的小藻油微胶囊在水中分散非常好,不结块,添加到其他食用中不会改变原来的溶解性、分散性,可以直接添加至粉末食品中,应用广泛。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备方法得到的乳化液的粒径分布图。
图2为本发明得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的显微镜照片。
图3为本发明得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末在40℃贮存过程中过氧化值的变化情况。
图4所示为本发明得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末在40℃贮存过程中表面油的变化情况。
具体实施方式
实施例1:一种小藻油微胶囊的制备,包括以下步骤:
(1)壁材溶解:称取酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、壳聚糖、低聚甘露糖重量分别为20kg、20 kg、5 kg、2.5 kg、2 kg,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至80℃,保温30min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)芯材准备:抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂分别为羟基硬脂精0.2 kg、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1 kg、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯0.2 kg,加入芯材小藻油50 kg中,混合均匀,经过真空脱气,再升温50℃,保温30min,搅拌均匀;
(3)芯壁混合:将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持60℃,搅拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,温度保持40℃,再高压均质:30MPa均质1次,50MPa均质2次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度180℃,出风温度100℃,进料温度35℃,进料速度为60L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.023 g/100g,表面油为0.98%,得率87.61%,微胶囊化效率98.04%。
实施例2:一种小藻油微胶囊的制备,包括以下步骤:
(1)壁材溶解:称取酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、壳聚糖、低聚甘露糖重量分别为250g、150 g、50 g、25 g、20 g,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至80℃,保温30min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)芯材准备:抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂分别为羟基硬脂精2 g、羧甲基纤维素钠1 g、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯2 g,加入芯材小藻油500 g中,混合均匀,经过真空脱气,再升温50℃,保温30min,搅拌均匀;
(3)芯壁混合:将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持60℃,搅拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,温度保持60℃,再高压均质:30MPa均质1次,50MPa均质2次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度180℃,出风温度100℃,进料温度35℃,进料速度为60L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.045 g/100g,表面油为1.42%,得率84.95%,微胶囊化效率97.16%,
实施例3:一种小藻油微胶囊的制备,包括以下步骤:
(1)壁材溶解:称取酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、低聚甘露糖重量分别为300 g、150 g、25 g、20 g,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至90℃,保温20min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)芯材准备:抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂分别为羟基硬脂精2 g、羧甲基纤维素钠1 g、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯2 g加入芯材小藻油500 g中,混合均匀,经过真空脱气,再升温60℃,保温20min,搅拌均匀;
(3)芯壁混合:将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持70℃,搅拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,温度保持50℃,再高压均质:30MPa均质2次,50MPa均质2次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度160℃,出风温度80℃,进料温度20℃,进料速度为40L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.063 g/100g,表面油为1.73%,得率85.47%,微胶囊化效率96.54%。
实施例4:一种小藻油微胶囊的制备,包括以下步骤:
(1)壁材溶解:称取酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、壳聚糖、低聚甘露糖重量分别为200g、150 g、50 g、25 g、20 g,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至80℃,保温30min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)芯材准备:抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂分别为羟基硬脂精2 g、羧甲基纤维素钠1 g、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯2 g,加入芯材小藻油550 g中,混合均匀,经过真空脱气,再升温50℃,保温30min,搅拌均匀;
(3)芯壁混合:将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持60℃,搅拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,温度保持40℃,再高压均质:30MPa均质1次,50MPa均质3次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度180℃,出风温度90℃,进料温度30℃,进料速度为50L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.086 g/100g,表面油为2.12%,得率84.43%,微胶囊化效率96.14%。
实施例5:一种小藻油微胶囊的制备,包括以下步骤:
(1)壁材溶解:称取酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、壳聚糖重量分别为200 g、150 g、25g、20 g,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至80℃,保温30min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)芯材准备:抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂分别为羟基硬脂精2 g、羧甲基纤维素钠1 g、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯2 g,加入芯材小藻油600 g中,混合均匀,经过真空脱气,再升温50℃,保温30 min,搅拌均匀;
(3)芯壁混合:将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持60℃,拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,温度保持40℃,再高压均质:30 MPa均质3次,50 MPa均质3次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度180℃,出风温度100℃,进料温度30℃,进料速度为60L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.093 g/100g,表面油为2.79%,得率83.10%,微胶囊化效率95.35%。
实施例6:相关对比实验
1、对比实验组1:不同壁材,相同比例
按实施例1的制备方法制备微胶囊,壁材重量分别为200 g、200 g、50 g、25 g、20 g,对比实验组1的不同之处:壁材种类为玉米蛋白、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠、明胶、蔗糖、葡萄糖;
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.13 g/100g,表面油为10.65%,得率80.23%,微胶囊化效率78.70%。
2、对比实验组2:相同壁材,不同比例
按实施例1的制备方法制备微胶囊,壁材种类一样,对照组2不同之处:壁材重量分别为100 g、300 g、20 g、50 g、25 g;
结果:得到的小藻油微胶囊粉末的过氧化值0.089 g/100g,表面油为6.34%,得率82.76%,微胶囊化效率87.32%。
由对比实验组得出:相同比例、不同的壁材和相同壁材、壁材比例超出范围,制备的微胶囊包埋率都较低。
Claims (7)
1.一种小藻油微胶囊,芯材主要为小藻油,其特征在于,壁材为酪蛋白、多孔淀粉、β-环糊精、壳聚糖和低聚甘露糖,壁材原料质量百分比分别为酪蛋白40~60%、多孔淀粉30~40%、β-环糊精1~10%、壳聚糖1~10%、低聚甘露糖1~10%,芯材中还含有乳化剂、稳定剂和抗氧化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小藻油微胶囊,其特征在于,所述小藻油和壁材的质量配比为50~60:100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的小藻油微胶囊,其特征在于,所述壁材的质量配比为:酪蛋白20 kg、多孔淀粉20kg、β-环糊精5kg、壳聚糖2.5kg、低聚甘露糖2kg。
4.根据权利要求1所述的小藻油微胶囊,其特征在于,所述乳化剂为乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯,添加量为芯材质量的0.2~1%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的小藻油微胶囊,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,添加量为芯材质量的0.2~1%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的小藻油微胶囊,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂为羟基硬脂精,添加量为芯材质量的0.2~1%。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的小藻油微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)优选壁材按比例混合,加入冷水搅拌均匀,加热至80-100℃,保温20~30min,充分溶解为半透明溶液;
(2)将优选油相的抗氧化剂、稳定剂和乳化剂加入芯材小藻油中,搅拌混合,经过真空脱气,再升温50-60℃,保温20-30min,搅拌混合均匀;
(3)将上述准备的芯材与壁材溶液混合,温度保持60-80℃,搅拌均匀,制得初乳化液;
(4)初乳化液立即过胶体磨,再高压均质:10-30MPa均质1-3次,30-50MPa均质1-3次,得到稳定的乳化液;
(5)将乳化液喷雾干燥,进风温度160-180℃,出风温度80~100℃,进料温度20~35℃,进料速度为40~60 L/h,得到小藻油微胶囊粉末。
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