CN114947043A - 一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明适用于藻蓝护色技术领域,提供了一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,包括如下步骤:步骤一、将藻蓝复配护色剂与水进行混合,使藻蓝复配护色剂溶解到水中,得到一定比例的混合溶液;步骤二、将含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液缓慢加入至步骤一得到的混合溶液中,并对其进行高速搅拌;步骤三、对搅拌完的混合液通过干燥设备进行干燥,得到热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝产品。本发明中的一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,通过微胶囊法及添加剂保护法两种方法同时联合使用,能有效降低藻蓝蛋白在受热以及光照时的降解,极大地保护藻蓝蛋白的分子结构,从而提升藻蓝蛋白对热及对光的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于藻蓝护色技术领域,尤其涉及一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法。
背景技术
藻蓝蛋白是某些藻类特有的重要捕光色素蛋白,白呈现出鲜艳的宝石蓝色,又可以作为天然色素被广泛应用于食品工业中。藻蓝蛋白作为食品着色剂不仅避免了人工合成色素对人体的伤害,同时它具有在抗辐射、抑制肿瘤、抗氧化、增强免疫力等方面具有较高的活性。我国规定藻蓝蛋白作为食品着色剂,可用于果冻、糖果、奶酪、果汁饮料类、雪糕和冰棍等食品中,但由于藻蓝蛋白的色泽具有不稳定性,使用时会受到防腐剂、酸度调节剂及营养强化剂等不同食品添加剂及保藏条件的影响,而使之在作食品着色剂的应用上受到限制。
藻蓝蛋白属于水溶性蛋白质类,与大部分蛋白质性质相同,即高温热稳定性差,因高温会破坏藻蓝蛋白的结构使其变性,导致藻蓝蛋白色素保存率降低,根据相关文献资料显示,藻蓝蛋白在70度温度下加热30min,其降解率超过70%。
现有保护技术主要分三大类,第一类是加入糖类等添加剂进行保护;第二类是对藻蓝蛋白进行微胶囊化;第三类是对藻蓝蛋白进行化学改性。第一类技术中,如相关专利显示,通过加入添加剂,在95度水浴中加热10min,藻蓝蛋白色价保存率也只有20%左右,其色价保存率仍相对较低,性价比不高。第二类技术中,如相关文献显示,通过微胶囊化,其热稳定性相对于不处理样品只提升了0.64倍,处理工艺复杂,提升率较低。第三类技术中,如相关专利显示,通过化学改性的方法,其在70度温度下加热30min,其保存率仍超过80%。有较好的保护效果,但由于化学改性,已不属于食品添加剂类,目前不能作为食品添加剂推广应用。
因此,针对以上现状,迫切需要开发一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,以克服当前实际应用中的不足。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将藻蓝复配护色剂与水进行混合,使藻蓝复配护色剂溶解到水中,得到一定比例的混合溶液;
步骤二、将含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液缓慢加入至步骤一得到的混合溶液中,并对其进行高速搅拌;
步骤三、对搅拌完的混合液通过干燥设备进行干燥,得到热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝产品。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,在步骤一中,所述藻蓝复配护色剂是由壁材、乳化剂、稳定剂以及抗氧化保护剂组成,壁材的主要成分为麦芽糊精,乳化剂的主要成分为粉末磷脂,稳定剂的主要成分为葡萄糖酸-σ-内酯,抗氧化保护剂的主要成分为抗坏血酸、迷迭香提取物和茶多酚的混合物。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,在藻蓝复配护色剂中,壁材的占比为55%-75%,乳化剂的占比为15%-25%,稳定剂的占比为1%-5%,抗氧化保护剂的占比为5%-15%。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,在步骤一中,所述藻蓝复配护色剂与水的溶解比例为1:15。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,在步骤二中,在含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液中,藻蓝蛋白与水的稀释比例为1:15,且藻蓝蛋白干重与藻蓝复配护色剂干重比例为1:2。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,在步骤二中,在含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液中,藻蓝蛋白的干重与藻蓝复配护色剂的干重比例为1:2。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,在步骤二中,高速搅拌时间为30-90min,高速搅拌转速为250-2000r/min。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,步骤三中,所述干燥设备对混合液的干燥方式为喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过微胶囊法及添加剂保护法两种方法同时联合使用,通过微胶囊的方式,将抗氧化保护剂、稳定剂以及藻蓝蛋白全部包裹在微胶囊内部,有壁材的保护,再加上壁材内部的抗氧化保护剂与稳定剂的共同作用,能有效降低藻蓝蛋白在受热以及光照时的降解,极大地保护藻蓝蛋白的分子结构,从而提升藻蓝蛋白对热及对光的稳定性。
为更清楚地阐述本发明的结构特征和功效,下面结合附图与具体实施例来对本发明进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的实验组与空白组的色价保存率对比图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的实验组与空白组的在热破坏实验中的对比图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的实验组与空白组在紫外破坏实验中的对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实现进行详细描述。
实施例1
作为本发明一个实施例提供的一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将藻蓝复配护色剂与水进行混合,使藻蓝复配护色剂溶解到水中,得到一定比例的混合溶液;
步骤二、将藻蓝蛋白或含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液缓慢加入至步骤一得到的混合溶液中,并对其进行高速搅拌;
步骤三、对搅拌完的混合液通过干燥设备进行干燥,得到热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝产品。
在本实施例中,通过微胶囊法及添加剂保护法两种方法同时联合使用,通过微胶囊的方式,将抗氧化保护剂、稳定剂以及藻蓝蛋白全部包裹在微胶囊内部,有壁材的保护,再加上壁材内部的抗氧化保护剂与稳定剂的共同作用,能有效降低藻蓝蛋白在受热以及光照时的降解,极大地保护藻蓝蛋白的分子结构,从而提升藻蓝蛋白对热及对光的稳定性。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,在步骤一中,所述藻蓝复配护色剂是由壁材、乳化剂、稳定剂以及抗氧化保护剂组成,壁材的主要成分为麦芽糊精或倍他环糊精或其混合物,优选为麦芽糊精,乳化剂的主要成分为粉末磷脂或辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠或其混合物,优选为粉末磷脂,稳定剂的主要成分为植酸、海藻酸钠或葡萄糖酸-σ-内酯一种或多种混合物,优选为葡萄糖酸-σ-内酯,抗氧化保护剂的主要成分为抗坏血酸、D-异抗坏血酸钠、迷迭香提取物、茶多酚或其一种到多种混合物,优选为抗坏血酸+迷迭香提取物+茶多酚。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,在藻蓝复配护色剂中,壁材的占比为55%-75%,乳化剂的占比为15%-25%,稳定剂的占比为1%-5%,抗氧化保护剂的占比为5%-15%。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,在步骤一中,所述藻蓝复配护色剂与水的溶解比例为1:10-1:30,优先比例为1:15。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,在步骤二中,在含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液中,藻蓝蛋白与水的稀释比例为1:10-1:30,优先比例为1:15,且藻蓝蛋白干重与藻蓝复配护色剂干重比例为1:2。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,在步骤二中,在含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液中,藻蓝蛋白的干重与藻蓝复配护色剂的干重比例为1:0.8-1:2.5,优先比例为1:2。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,在步骤二中,高速搅拌时间为30-90min,高速搅拌转速为250-2000r/min。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例,步骤三中,所述干燥设备对混合液的干燥方式为喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥。
实施例2
作为本发明一个实施例提供的一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将藻蓝复配护色剂与水进行混合,使藻蓝复配护色剂溶解到水中,得到一定比例的混合溶液;
步骤二、将藻蓝蛋白或含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液缓慢加入至步骤一得到的混合溶液中,并对其进行高速搅拌;
步骤三、对搅拌完的混合液通过干燥设备进行干燥,得到热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝产品。
实验举证:
1.制作样品:取125份麦芽糊精、43份粉末磷酸、12份抗坏血酸、9份葡萄糖酸-σ-内酯、6份迷迭香提取物和5份茶多酚,溶于1500份的水中,搅拌溶解,如溶解效果不好,可适当升温至全部溶解后冷却至常温备用;取100份藻蓝蛋白于1500份水中溶解,将其缓慢加入至藻蓝复配护色剂溶液中,加入完毕后混合溶液高速搅拌30min,喷雾干燥得到样品1;
2.称取0.05g未做任何处理藻蓝蛋白样品,加入水稀释至100g,溶解完毕,加入到250mL锥形瓶中,此为空白组;
3.称取0.0875-0.15g样品1,加水稀释至100g,溶解完毕,加入到250mL锥形瓶中,此为实验组;样品1的称取量与实验组中藻蓝蛋白的含量有关,其理论藻蓝蛋白重量为0.05g;
4.实验组共设置有五组,实验一的样品1中不添加壁材,实验二的样品1中不添加乳化剂,实验三的样品1中不添加稳定剂,实验四的样品1中不添加抗氧化保护剂,实验五为样品1的最佳配方;
5.热稳定性加速破坏方法为将有添加剂的样品组与空白组放入95度水浴中,升温至95度后保温2min,根据升温速率不同,总加热破坏时长一般为12-15min,观察各个实验组与空白组在620nm吸光度前后变化情况,以及观察有无沉淀产生。
考察方法:
称取试样适量(处理后溶液10-20mL),以磷酸盐缓冲液溶解并定容于 25 mL 容量瓶中,充分溶解或用磷酸盐缓冲液适当稀释后,使吸光值在 0.3~0.7(检测范围),用分光光度计扫描测定,该试样溶液在波长(620±5)nm有最大吸收峰(参见GB1886.309- 2020)。
评价方法:
根据热处理前后各样品吸光度的变化值,计算其色价保留率,根据色价保留率来判断样品对藻蓝蛋白的保护效果差异;
从实验数据来看,通过加入添加剂处理的藻蓝蛋白实验组在加热破坏后其稳定性明显优于不做任何处理的藻蓝蛋白空白组,不同配方的实验组色价保存率高出空白组2.8-3.5倍。
空白组在该条件下加热破坏后其色价保存率为9.91%-13.14%,实验组其色价保存率为35.04%-45.97%。
如图1所示,实验五中藻蓝蛋白的色价保存率最高;
实验三的色价保存率比最佳配方会下降8%;
实验四的色价保存率比最佳配方会下降10%;
实验二的色价保存率比最佳配方会下降15%;
实验一的色价保存率比最佳配方会下降20%。
如图2所示,热处理破坏后的藻蓝蛋白溶液,原始样品的藻蓝蛋白质量浓度均为0.05%,实验组经过热处理破坏后仍显明显蓝色,空白组颜色偏蓝紫色,且颜色极淡。
以95度热处理的实际使用环境估算:
1Kg纯藻蓝蛋白经过热处理后,以12.5%的色价保留率计算,剩余色价仅相当于0.125Kg纯藻蓝蛋白。
1Kg热稳定型藻蓝蛋白中含有0.3333KG藻蓝蛋白,经过热处理后,以40%的色价保留率计算,剩余色价相当于0.1333Kg纯藻蓝蛋白。
同时纯藻蓝蛋白与稳定性藻蓝蛋白在藻蓝蛋白实际使用量上,稳定性藻蓝蛋白减少使用0.6667 Kg,使用量降低66.67%。且经热处理后,稳定型藻蓝蛋白剩余色价比纯藻蓝蛋白剩余色价仍高出0.0664倍。
如图3所示,在紫外破坏实验中,将样品组放入到紫外灯下照射60h,空白组藻蓝蛋白保存率为1.62%,实验组藻蓝蛋白保存率为57.58%。实验组藻蓝蛋白在紫外破坏实验中表现较好,明显优于空白组。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将藻蓝复配护色剂与水进行混合,使藻蓝复配护色剂溶解到水中,得到一定比例的混合溶液;
步骤二、将含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液缓慢加入至步骤一得到的混合溶液中,并对其进行高速搅拌;
步骤三、对搅拌完的混合液通过干燥设备进行干燥,得到热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤一中,所述藻蓝复配护色剂是由壁材、乳化剂、稳定剂以及抗氧化保护剂组成,壁材的主要成分为麦芽糊精,乳化剂的主要成分为粉末磷脂,稳定剂的主要成分为葡萄糖酸-σ-内酯,抗氧化保护剂的主要成分为抗坏血酸、迷迭香提取物和茶多酚的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,在藻蓝复配护色剂中,壁材的占比为55%-75%,乳化剂的占比为15%-25%,稳定剂的占比为1%-5%,抗氧化保护剂的占比为5%-15%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤一中,所述藻蓝复配护色剂与水的溶解比例为1:15。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,在含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液中,藻蓝蛋白与水的稀释比例为1:15,且藻蓝蛋白干重与藻蓝复配护色剂干重比例为1:2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,在含有藻蓝蛋白的水溶液中,藻蓝蛋白的干重与藻蓝复配护色剂的干重比例为1:2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,高速搅拌时间为30-90min,高速搅拌转速为250-2000r/min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热稳定及光稳定型藻蓝的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,所述干燥设备对混合液的干燥方式为喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥。
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