CN111771701B - Method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile lindl - Google Patents
Method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile lindl Download PDFInfo
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- CN111771701B CN111771701B CN202010646896.6A CN202010646896A CN111771701B CN 111771701 B CN111771701 B CN 111771701B CN 202010646896 A CN202010646896 A CN 202010646896A CN 111771701 B CN111771701 B CN 111771701B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium, which comprises the steps of irradiating by adopting red-blue-green mixed light in a dendrobium bud germination period and irradiating by adopting red-blue-green-far-red mixed light in a dendrobium sprout growth period. The planting period of the dendrobium is greatly shortened, meanwhile, the effective components in the plant body are greatly improved, the planting regulation and control method is high in practicability, free of regional limitation, suitable for popularization and planting in any region and high in commercial value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium.
Background
The dendrobium is a rare medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium, and the related discussion of the compendium of materia medica and a great deal of modern scientific research show that the dendrobium has superior efficacy, can greatly improve the SOD level in human bodies, and has the efficacies of improving eyesight, nourishing yin, promoting the production of body fluid, beautifying, keeping young, protecting health and prolonging life. The wild dendrobium has low breeding rate and very short resource, and is listed as a key secondary protection endangered plant of national wild medicinal materials.
At present, the development and utilization of dendrobium in China have a plurality of problems, and the following key problems are urgently needed to be solved: 1) excessive excavation, insufficient protection force, continuous reduction of resource amount and imminent extinction of part of varieties; 2) the artificial cultivated varieties are mixed, and the cultivation technology is weak; 3) the artificial cultivation lacks standards, so that the same variety has uneven quality and poor uniformity due to different planting management technologies; 4) at present, a great amount of chemical pesticides are applied in artificial cultivation, so that pesticide residues and heavy metal content seriously exceed the standard; 5) the planting period of the dendrobium in greenhouse or under the forest is long, and needs 3 to 4 years. According to the existing market demand of dendrobium, a regulation and control method for shortening the planting period of dendrobium while ensuring the quality of dendrobium is urgently needed.
The invention discloses a method for industrially cultivating dendrobium officinale, which is applied to 201910083437.9 and discloses a method for realizing annual continuous production of dendrobium officinale by adopting indoor shelf type planting and controlling indoor ecological environment. The indoor planting method of the dendrobium officinale comprises the selection of a planting matrix, a planting mode, fertilizer efficiency control and the like, but no research is made on the regulation and control of the key factor light environment of indoor cultivation, and the red light and white light illumination mode is provided in the patent application and can be presented in thousands of forms. Meanwhile, the height of the dendrobium officinale plant is 15-35 cm, and the maximum height of the dendrobium officinale plant is not more than 10 cm. Therefore, although Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium nobile belong to the same genus of Dendrobium of Orchidaceae, they are different from Dendrobium nobile in plant morphology, root system development, and light demand. At present, the relevant literature data of indoor dendrobium planting is not reported, and a large amount of experimental research needs to be made when the dendrobium is popularized to practical application. Based on the background, the invention provides an indoor cultivation full-artificial light control method for promoting the shortening of the planting period of dendrobium and ensuring the survival rate and quality of dendrobium seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile lindl.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
a method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile comprises the following steps:
(1) irradiating by using red-blue-green mixed light in the germination period of the dendrobium, wherein in the red-blue-green mixed light: the light quantum ratio of the red light R (600-;
(2) in the growth period of the new buds of the dendrobium, mixed red-blue-green-far-red light is adopted for irradiation, and in the mixed red-blue-green-far-red light: the light quantum ratio of red light (600-699nm) and blue light (400-499nm) is 3.5-4.5, the light quantum ratio of red light (600-699nm) and green light (500-599nm) is 2.5-3.5, and the light quantum ratio of red light (600-699nm) and far-red light (700-780nm) is 2.5-3.5.
Further, the light sources in the germination period and the growth period of the sprout of the dendrobium adopt LED light.
Preferably, the light intensity of the dendrobium at the germination stage is 60-70 mu mol-2.s-1The illumination time is 10-12 h/d.
Preferably, the light intensity of the dendrobium at the sprout growth period is 70-90 mu mol-2.s-1The illumination time is 12-16 h/d.
Preferably, the environmental conditions of the germination period of the dendrobium nobile are as follows: controlling the room temperature at 21-23 ℃ in the day and 18-20 ℃ at night.
Preferably, the environmental conditions of the dendrobium at the sprout growth period are as follows: controlling the room temperature at 23-28 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method provided by the invention accelerates the seedling reviving speed of dendrobium bottle seedling planting, improves the survival rate in the seedling stage, and promotes the germination of new buds. The planting period of the dendrobium is greatly shortened, meanwhile, the effective components in the plant body are greatly improved, the planting regulation and control method is high in practicability, free of regional limitation, suitable for popularization and planting in any region and high in commercial value.
2. The invention provides a light environment regulating method for indoor full-artificial light cultivation and regulation of dendrobium, which is not influenced by factors such as seasons, weather, regions and the like and can realize annual continuous production.
3. The invention has no soil heavy metal and pesticide pollution, greatly reduces the problem of plant diseases and insect pests by indoor cultivation, can strictly control pesticide use and scientifically manage water and fertilizer, improves the yield, ensures the uniformity of quality, uses cultivation space in the largest area, and can use 5 to 7 times of the land use area by outdoor cultivation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
The embodiment of the invention provides an indoor full-artificial light planting method for promoting the survival rate and the quality of dendrobium, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing in the early stage of planting: uniformly mixing pine barks with different diameters, uniformly sterilizing at high pressure, subpackaging in a planting tray with water leakage holes at the bottom and with the length, width and height of 53cm, 36cm and 6cm, sleeving a water receiving base plate on the bottom of the planting tray, pouring the substrate through sterile water, and placing on a multi-layer cultivation frame; the length of the cultivation frame is 110-170 cm, the width of the cultivation frame is 50-80cm, the layer height of the cultivation frame is 30-35cm, the LED lamp is installed above the cultivation frame, the automatic sprinkling irrigation device is installed under the lamp according to the planting area of dendrobium, and the temperature and air circulation system is installed in the planting space.
(2) And (3) fixing the value of the dendrobium: selecting strong tissue culture seedling after seedling breeding, washing off culture medium at basal part, soaking the whole plant with 0.1% thiophanate methyl solution for 10-20min, sterilizing, and placing the sterilized seedling in a sterile basin for later use; after the moisture of the roots of the dendrobium huoshanense is evaporated to dryness and the roots turn white, the dendrobium huoshanense is respectively planted into the pine bark substrate, the substrate humidity is 70-85%, and 21-27 clumps of dendrobium huoshanense seedlings (5-8 plants in 1 clump) are planted in each cultivation pot;
(3) controlling environmental conditions in the bud germination stage: controlling the room temperature at 21-23 deg.C in daytime and 18-20 deg.C at night, and the LED light intensity at 60-70 μmol-2.s-1The illumination time is 10-12h/d, and the light quality is spectrum A: the light quantum ratio of the red light R (600-. After planting for 7d, foliage fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 1000 times liquid are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, fallen leaves and yellow leaves are prevented, the foliage fertilizers are sprayed for 1 time every week for 3 weeks continuously, and then fertilizer aqueous solutions such as 'flowers are more' are sprayed every 30 days. Strictly controlling water content within 60 days after planting, keeping the matrix wet, preventing the water receiving tray from generating water storage condition, preventing the dendrobium from rotting roots, and ensuring that the growth period of the seedling revival stage and the bud stage is 2 months;
and (3) controlling environmental conditions in the growth period of the sprout: controlling the room temperature at 23-28 ℃ in daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, wherein the light intensity of the LED is 70-90 mu mol-2.s-1The illumination time is 12-16h/d, and the light quality is spectrum B: the light quantum ratio of the red light (600-. Watering once every 3d, ensuring that the matrix is thoroughly watered every time, watering 1 time every 20-30d for more flowers and other aqueous solutions, and spraying organic fertilizer and medium trace element foliar fertilizer according to the growth condition of seedlings during cultivation.
The following is a detailed description of specific examples:
example 1
The photoperiod R: B of the transplanting survival rate and the germination rate of the new buds of the dendrobium nobile are 3.3, R: G: 2.5, the photoperiod R: B of the new buds in the growth period is 4.1, R: G: 2.8 and R: FR: 2.8.
Survival rate and bud germination condition after the dendrobium bottle seedling is transplanted for one month in the embodiment:
in the embodiment, after the dendrobium is planted for 1 year, the plant height reaches 5.5cm, the diameter of the lower part is 0.4cm, the fresh weight of a single plant (excluding leaves and root systems) is 0.76g, and the local standard of dendrobium in Anhui province is reached. After the dendrobium is planted for 1 year, the polysaccharide content is up to 42 percent and is far higher than the local standard of Anhui province (equal to or larger than 17 percent).
Example 2
In the light quality A1 of the survival rate of the transplanted dendrobium bottle seedlings and the germination rate of new buds, R: B is 3.5, R: G is 2.7, R: B is 4.5, R: G is 3.1, and R: FR is 3.5 in the light quality B2 of the buds in the growing period.
Survival rate and bud germination condition after the dendrobium bottle seedling is transplanted for one month in the embodiment:
in the embodiment, after the dendrobium is planted for 1 year, the plant height reaches 5.9cm, the diameter of the lower part is 0.4cm, the fresh weight of each plant (except leaves and root systems) is 0.82g, and the local standard of dendrobium in Anhui province is reached. After the dendrobium is planted for 1 year, the polysaccharide content is up to 39 percent and is far higher than the local standard (equal to or larger than 17 percent) of Anhui province.
Example 3
In the light quality A1 of the survival rate of the transplanted dendrobium bottle seedlings and the germination rate of new buds, R: B is 3.7, R: G is 2.2, R: B is 3.8, R: G is 2.5, and R: FR is 2.9 in the light quality B2 of the buds in the growing period.
In this embodiment, the survival rate and the bud germination condition after the dendrobium bottle seedling is transplanted for one month:
in the embodiment, after the dendrobium is planted for 1 year, the plant height reaches 7cm, the diameter of the lower part is 0.5cm, the fresh weight of a single plant (excluding leaves and root systems) is 1.10g, and the local standard of dendrobium in Anhui province is reached. In the embodiment, after 1 year of planting, the content of the polysaccharide in the dendrobium nobile is up to 35 percent, which is far higher than the local standard of Anhui province (greater than or equal to 17 percent).
Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is known, other variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes that can be used in the present specification or directly or indirectly applied to other related fields are encompassed by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile lindl is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in the germination period of the dendrobium, red-blue-green mixed light is adopted for irradiation, wherein in the red-blue-green mixed light: the light quantum ratio of the red light R with the wavelength of 600-699nm and the blue light B with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 3-4, and the light quantum ratio of the red light R with the wavelength of 600-699nm and the green light G with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 2-3;
(2) in the growth period of the new buds of the dendrobium, mixed red-blue-green-far-red light is adopted for irradiation, and in the mixed red-blue-green-far-red light: the light quantum ratio of the red light with the wavelength of 600-699nm and the blue light with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 3.5-4.5, the light quantum ratio of the red light with the wavelength of 600-699nm and the green light with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 2.5-3.5, and the light quantum ratio of the red light with the wavelength of 600-699nm and the far-red light with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 2.5-3.5.
2. The method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein light sources in the germination period and the growth period of the sprout of dendrobium nobile are both LED light.
3. The method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light intensity of dendrobium bud in germination period is 60-70 μmol-2.s-1The illumination time is 10-12 h/d.
4. The method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light intensity of dendrobium in the sprout growth period is 70-90 μmol-2.s-1The illumination time is 12-16 h/d.
5. The method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile lindl according to claim 3, wherein the environmental conditions of dendrobium nobile lindl bud germination stage are as follows: controlling the room temperature at 21-23 ℃ in the day and 18-20 ℃ at night.
6. The method for promoting indoor cultivation survival rate and quality of dendrobium nobile according to claim 4, wherein the environmental conditions of the dendrobium nobile in the sprout growth period are as follows: controlling the room temperature at 23-28 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night.
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| CN112021167A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-04 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Method for accelerating vegetative growth to reproductive growth of leaf vegetables |
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