CN111684997A - Root soil composition and method for improving successive cropping capability of strawberries - Google Patents
Root soil composition and method for improving successive cropping capability of strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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Abstract
The invention provides a root soil composition for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries and a method for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries, and relates to the technical field of strawberry planting. The root soil composition of the invention contains 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2 mass ratio of Glomus mosseae (Glomus mosseae) root soil mixture to Glomus versiforme (Glomus versiforme) root soil mixture, the method comprising the steps of: (1) sterilizing the greenhouse by solar energy, and sealing the greenhouse at a high temperature of over 58 ℃; (2) within 24 hours before the strawberry field planting, the fertilizer containing 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2 mass ratio of Moxisacculus mildew root soil mixture and Gekko gloriosa root soil mixture. The root soil composition and the method for improving the continuous cropping capability of the strawberries can improve the transplanting survival rate of the strawberries, improve the yield of the strawberries and reduce the morbidity of the strawberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry planting, in particular to a root soil composition and a method for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries.
Background
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a perennial herb of strawberry of Rosaceae, has fresh and red fruits, unique flavor, rich various phenolic compounds, and high nutritive value, and can delay aging and prevent various diseases after being ingested. In recent years, the strawberry industry in China develops rapidly, and the yield and the cultivation area of the strawberry jump the world first.
However, most strawberries are produced in facilities, and the problem of continuous cropping (i.e. continuous cropping) in production is serious. The strawberry continuous cropping cultivation has the defects of aggravation of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, soil hardening, low survival rate of strawberry seedlings, increase of symbiotic weeds and the like, seriously influences the yield and quality of strawberries and causes disastrous losses to fruit farmers. In order to solve the problems, in the prior art, a soil disinfectant is mainly adopted for soil disinfection by a chemical method in the middle and last 8 months of each year, and common soil disinfectant comprises methyl bromide, chloropicrin, dazomet and the like. Methyl bromide is a fumigant, is a class 3 carcinogen, and is definitely forbidden. The chloropicrin is highly toxic and unsafe to people and livestock. Although the dazomet is low in toxicity, the dazomet possibly pollutes water bodies. Therefore, these drugs are not safe. In addition, although the method of high-temperature shed closing (solar high-temperature disinfection) in summer can kill a part of pathogenic bacteria and ova on the soil surface, the method still cannot change the physical and chemical properties of the soil caused by continuous cropping, and is not beneficial to the prevention and treatment of the strawberry continuous cropping disease.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a root soil composition for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries and a method for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries, wherein the root soil composition and the method can overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries, improve the transplanting survival rate of the strawberries, improve the yield of the strawberries and reduce the morbidity of the strawberries.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a root soil composition for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries, which comprises 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2 mass ratio of Moxi sacculus mycorrhiza soil mixture and ground sacculus mycorrhiza soil mixture.
A method for improving the continuous cropping ability of strawberries, comprising the steps of:
(1) sterilizing the greenhouse by solar energy, and sealing the greenhouse at a high temperature of over 58 ℃; (2) within 24 hours before the strawberry field planting, the fertilizer containing 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2 mass ratio of root soil composition of Mucor sieboldii root soil mixture and Geobacillus hyacilus root soil mixture.
In some specific embodiments, the application rate of the root soil composition is 65-85 kg/acre.
In some specific embodiments, the solar disinfection time is 3-5 days after the harvest period of the greenhouse strawberries is finished and the soil is prepared; and/or the high-temperature greenhouse closing time is 7-15 days; the high temperature closed temperature is 58 ℃ or higher, preferably 60 ℃ or higher, and more preferably 65 ℃ or higher.
The solar disinfection is specifically carried out by exposure to the sun.
In some specific embodiments, the method of preparing the root soil mixture is: the corn, the sorghum or the clover are used for strain propagation, and the root system of the plant and the surrounding rhizosphere soil are taken and crushed into particles.
In some specific embodiments, the method for preparing the root soil mixture comprises:
applying respective strains to be propagated of sacculus mosseae and sacculus terreus to an propagation matrix by taking corn, sorghum or clover as host plants;
after the strain is propagated for 2-3 months, taking the root system of the host plant and rhizosphere soil with the circumference of 4-6cm, and crushing into particles with the diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm.
In some embodiments, the strain propagation process is: taking corn, sorghum or clover as host plants, filling a propagation matrix in a sterilized plastic pot, applying strains to be propagated, sowing host plant seeds, covering river sand on the seeds, and watering enough water; and thinning the host plant after germination and emergence.
In some specific embodiments, the propagation matrix is river sand and vermiculite; the volume ratio of the river sand to the vermiculite is preferably 2-2.5: 0.8 to 1; preferably, the propagation matrix is sterilized; more preferably, the sterilization conditions are sterilization at a temperature of 121 ℃.
In some specific embodiments, the propagation matrix is sterilized river sand and vermiculite, and the volume ratio can be specifically 2: 0.8; 2: 1; 2.2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3:0.8 or 3:1, etc.
In some specific embodiments, the volume of the propagation matrix is 3.5-4.5L, and 15-25g of the strain to be propagated is applied.
In some embodiments, the strain propagation process is: taking corn as a host plant, putting a prepared propagation matrix with the volume of 2/3-3/4 into a sterilized plastic basin (the diameter is 18-25 cm, and the volume is about 4L), applying 15-25g of strains to be propagated, sowing 5-10 corn seeds, covering river sand for 2-3cm, and watering enough water to germinate the corn seeds; thinning the corn after germination and emergence, reserving 4-5 plants in each pot, and normally managing in an aseptic culture room for 3 months.
In some specific embodiments, soil preparation is carried out before solar disinfection, the soil preparation is carried out to remove strawberry seedlings and dead branches and diseased leaves in the shed after root connection, and then plowing is carried out for 50-60cm deep;
and/or applying organic fertilizer and irrigating before high-temperature greenhouse closing, and then sealing with a film, preferably irrigating to 1-2cm above the soil surface;
and/or, ridging is carried out after high-temperature shed closing, preferably, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50-60cm, the width of the top of each ridge is 38-42 cm, the distance between the bottoms of the ridges is 18-22cm, and the height of each ridge is 32-36 cm; preferably, the ridge direction is the north-south direction;
and/or, on the day of planting the strawberries in the step (3), firstly broadcasting the root-soil mixture containing the saccharum moxidense and the root-soil mixture containing the saccharum terrestris;
and/or, planting strawberry seedlings by a high-ridge double-row planting method, wherein two rows are planted in each ridge, the row spacing is 18-22cm, and the planting spacing is set to be 20-25cm according to different varieties; preferably, the planting condition is that the natural temperature is 15-17 ℃ and the ground temperature is 18-21 ℃;
and/or fertilizing, watering and temperature and humidity management are carried out on the strawberries in the growth period.
The temperature and humidity management is to maintain the temperature and humidity suitable for the growth of the strawberries, for example, the temperature should be kept at about 25-28 ℃ in the daytime; the relative humidity of the air is preferably controlled between 80% and 90%.
In some specific embodiments, the strawberry variety may be selected from 'russet', 'sweet chard' and 'octopus', 'jinggangxiang', 'christmas red' and other strawberry varieties suitable for use in the methods of the present application.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a composition comprising 1.5 to 2.5: the application of the root soil composition of the Mucor moxiflora root soil mixture and the sacculus terreus root soil mixture in the mass ratio of 0.8-1.2 in improving the continuous cropping capability of the strawberries, in particular to the application in preventing and treating the continuous cropping disease of the strawberries.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the root soil composition and the method for improving the continuous cropping capability of the strawberries, the traditional solar disinfection and high-temperature shed-closing treatment measures are combined with the root soil composition of the compound microbial inoculum, the rhizosphere soil environment of the strawberries is restored, and a plurality of problems of soil caused in the continuous cropping process of the strawberries are solved.
(2) The invention uses 1.5-2.5: mycorrhiza dip-dyeing is carried out on the Moses sacculus mildew root soil mixture and the ground sacculus mildew root soil mixture in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2, so that the production of strawberries can be effectively promoted, and a good pest control effect is achieved.
(3) The method has obvious effects on the aspects of strawberry field planting survival rate, strawberry yield, single fruit weight and the like, and solves the problems of high seedling death rate and undersize fruits in the conventional continuous cropping strawberry planting process.
(4) The method of the invention is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases and can effectively reduce the incidence of continuous cropping strawberries.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting a fixed greenhouse, and cultivating strawberry varieties 'Hongyan' of previous crops, wherein the strawberry varieties 'Hongyan' are cultivated at this time.
Soil preparation, solar energy insolation disinfection and high temperature stifle: after the harvesting of the previous crops, the greenhouse is treated according to the method of the invention, specifically: preparing soil in a greenhouse, removing strawberry seedlings and dead branches and diseased leaves in the greenhouse with roots, ploughing, deeply ploughing for 50cm, and insolating for 5 days in the sun; applying enough organic fertilizer to the soil in the greenhouse, irrigating the water to a depth 2cm higher than the soil surface, and covering the greenhouse with a mulching film for sealing; sealing the greenhouse, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be kept above 58 ℃ to carry out high-temperature greenhouse closing for 14 days; ridging is carried out 20 days after 8 months, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50cm, the width of the top of each ridge is 40 cm, the distance between the bottoms of the ridges is 20cm, and the height of each ridge is 35 cm; the ridge direction is the north-south direction, and strawberries are waited to be planted.
And (3) strain propagation: the method comprises the steps of taking corn as a host plant, filling two thirds of prepared propagation expanding matrix (river sand and vermiculite subjected to high-temperature sterilization at 121 ℃ in a volume ratio of 2:1) into a sterilized plastic basin (the diameter is 20cm, and the volume is about 4L), applying 20g of strains to be propagated, sowing 6 corn seeds, covering the corn seeds with 2cm of river sand, and watering the corn seeds sufficiently to germinate. After the corn sprouts, thinning the seedlings, reserving 4 plants in each pot, and normally managing the seedlings in a sterile culture room for 3 months.
Preparation of a microbial inoculum: after 3 months of strain propagation, the overground part of the corn plant is cut off, the root system and the rhizosphere soil of 5cm around the root system are crushed into particles of 1mm, the name of the strain and the collection time are marked, and the particles are stored in a cool and dry place. Taking a root-soil mixture of sacculus mochroides and sacculus terrestris at a mass ratio of 2:1 as an inoculation microbial inoculum for strawberry field planting.
And (5) planting the strawberries in the greenhouse in 26 days after 8 months. The prepared root-soil mixture containing the microbial inoculum is firstly spread on the field planting strawberries, and 80 kg/mu of the mixture is spread on ridges.
The strawberry seedlings are planted in two rows per ridge by a high-ridge double-row planting method, the row spacing is 20cm, and the planting spacing is about 21 cm. The planting is generally carried out at the natural temperature of 15-17 ℃ and the ground temperature of about 20 ℃. Watering should be carried out in time within 2 hours after planting (the earlier watering is better after planting), the water amount is preferably large so as to cause the feathering to permeate and feathering to disperse the seedling lumps, and the growth of strawberry root systems and mycorrhiza to form symbionts.
And (3) management in a growing period: the growth period of the strawberries needs reasonable fertilizer water, flowers and fruits are regularly thinned, diseased old residual leaves are removed, and proper temperature and humidity are kept.
Example 2
The same as example 1, except that: taking a root-soil mixture of sacculus moxideus and sacculus terrestris in a mass ratio of 2.5:0.8 as an inoculation microbial inoculum for strawberry field planting.
Example 3
The same as example 1, except that: taking a root-soil mixture of sacculus mochroides and sacculus terrestris at a mass ratio of 1:1 as an inoculation microbial inoculum for strawberry field planting.
Comparative example 1
The fixed greenhouse with the same conditions as those in example 1 is selected, the strawberry variety 'Hongyan' of the previous crop is cultivated, and the strawberry variety 'Hongyan' is cultivated this time. After harvesting the previous crops, no treatment is carried out, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied for 8 months and 20 days, soil preparation and ridging are carried out (the type and the amount of the applied fertilizer are consistent with those of the embodiment 1), the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50cm, the width of the top of each ridge is 40 cm, the distance between the bottoms of the ridges is 20cm, and the height of each ridge is 35 cm; the ridge direction is the north-south direction, and strawberries are waited to be planted. The growth phase management was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 2
The same other conditions as in example 1 were followed, except that: the root-soil mixture of any strain is not adopted as an inoculation microbial inoculum for the fixed planting of the strawberries.
Comparative example 3
The same other conditions as in example 1 were followed, except that: the root soil mixture of the glomus mosseae alone is used as an inoculation microbial inoculum for the fixed planting of the strawberries.
Comparative example 4
The same other conditions as in example 1 were followed, except that: and (3) adopting a root soil mixture of the single glomus terrestris as an inoculation microbial inoculum for the fixed planting of the strawberries.
Comparative example 5
The same other conditions as in example 1 were followed, except that: a root-soil mixture of Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices (Glomus intraradices) in a mass ratio of 2:1 is used as an inoculation microbial agent for strawberry field planting.
Comparative example 6
The same other conditions as in example 1 were followed, except that: a root-soil mixture of the Mucillus mosseae and the sacculus intraradicis in a mass ratio of 1:1 is used as an inoculation microbial inoculum for strawberry field planting.
Examples 4 to 6
Examples 4-6 are similar to examples 1-3, respectively, except that: the strawberry variety 'sweet Chaishu' of the previous crop, this time the strawberry variety 'Jingzangxiang'. Ridging is carried out for 8 months and 18 days, and the strawberries are waited to be planted. And (5) planting strawberries on 8 months and 22 days.
Comparative examples 7 to 12
Comparative examples 7 to 12 are similar to comparative examples 1 to 6, respectively, and the other conditions are the same except that: the strawberry variety 'sweet Chaishu' of the previous crop, this time the strawberry variety 'Jingzangxiang'.
Examples 7 to 9
Examples 7-9 are similar to examples 1-3, respectively, except that: strawberry variety 'Chaoji' of the previous crop, this time strawberry variety 'Christmas red' cultivated. Ridging is carried out 24 days after 8 months, and strawberry planting is waited. And (5) planting the strawberries in 9 months and 1 day.
Comparative examples 13 to 18
Comparative examples 13 to 18 are similar to comparative examples 1 to 6, respectively, and the other conditions are the same except that: strawberry variety 'Chaoji' of the previous crop, this time strawberry variety 'Christmas red' cultivated.
Effect example 1
After the strawberries were planted according to the methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 of the present invention, the results were analyzed as shown in the following table.
Effect example 2
After the strawberries are planted according to the methods of examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 7 to 12 of the present invention, the results are analyzed as shown in the following table.
Effect example 3
After the strawberries were planted according to the methods of examples 7 to 9 and comparative examples 13 to 18 of the present invention, the results were analyzed as shown in the following table.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A root soil composition for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries, which is characterized by comprising 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2 mass ratio of Moxi sacculus mycorrhiza soil mixture and ground sacculus mycorrhiza soil mixture.
2. A method for improving the continuous cropping capability of strawberries, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) sterilizing the greenhouse by solar energy, and sealing the greenhouse at a high temperature of over 58 ℃;
(2) within 24 hours prior to planting of the strawberries, the root soil composition of claim 1 is applied.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the application rate of the root soil composition is 65-85 kg/acre.
4. The method of claim 2, further comprising: watering the strawberries after field planting until the strawberries are drenched and dispersed into seedling lumps within 1-2 hours.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the solar disinfection time is 3-5 days; and/or the high-temperature shed-closing time is 7-15 days.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the root soil composition is prepared by: carrying out strain propagation by taking corn, sorghum or clover as a host, and crushing a plant root system and rhizosphere soil into particles to obtain a root soil mixture;
preferably, the corn, the sorghum or the clover are taken as host plants, and respective strains to be propagated of sacculus mosseae and sacculus terrestris are respectively applied to the propagation matrix; after the strain is propagated for 2-3 months, taking the root system of the host plant and rhizosphere soil with the circumference of 4-6cm, and crushing into particles with the diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the propagation medium is river sand and vermiculite; the volume ratio of the river sand to the vermiculite is preferably 2-2.5: 0.8 to 1; preferably, the propagation matrix is sterilized.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the volume of the propagation substrate is 3.5-4.5L, and 15-25g of the strain to be propagated is applied.
9. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
preparing soil before solar disinfection, and then ploughing, and deeply ploughing for 50-60 cm;
and/or fertilizing and irrigating before high-temperature greenhouse closing, and then sealing with a membrane, preferably irrigating to 1-2cm above the soil surface;
and/or, making ridges after high-temperature shed closing, preferably, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 50-60cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 38-42 cm, the distance between the bottoms of the ridges is 18-22cm, and the height of the ridge is 32-36 cm; preferably, the ridge direction is the north-south direction;
and/or, planting strawberry seedlings by a high-ridge double-row planting method, wherein two rows are planted in each ridge, the row spacing is 18-22cm, and the planting spacing is set to be 20-25cm according to different varieties; preferably, the planting condition is that the natural temperature is 15-17 ℃ and the ground temperature is 18-21 ℃;
and/or fertilizing, watering and temperature and humidity management during the growth period of the strawberries.
10. The use of the root soil composition of claim 1 for controlling strawberry continuous cropping diseases.
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| 傅明洋等: "预防苹果再植病发生的技术措施 ", 《山东林业科技》 * |
| 刘奇志等: "国内外草莓连作障碍与综合治理研究进展 ", 《中国果树》 * |
| 杨兴洪等: ""利用VA菌根真菌解决苹果重茬问题"", 《落叶果树》 * |
| 马宝红等: "VAM真菌对草莓促生、防草莓黄萎病效应初探 ", 《河北农业大学学报》 * |
| 高志华等: "丛枝菌根菌对连作草莓生长及抗重茬能力的影响 ", 《河北果树》 * |
| 齐国辉等: "丛枝菌根真菌对重茬草莓产量和品质的影响 ", 《果树学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200922 |