CN111642622A - 一种发酵复合菌和桃金娘发酵提取物的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种发酵复合菌和桃金娘发酵提取物的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发酵复合菌和桃金娘发酵提取物的制备及应用。以桃金娘叶子为原材料,一种发酵复合菌和桃金娘发酵提取物的制备包括耐多酚菌种筛选,桃金娘叶原料处理,桃金娘发酵菌种复配,微生物发酵,桃金娘发酵提取物制备。本发明通过菌种筛选和复配技术获得耐抗菌物质多酚的发酵复合菌。将生物发酵技术运用到桃金娘活性成分多酚的提取领域,能够显著提高提取率。该制备方法条件温和、易操控,不仅能最大程度地提取出桃金娘叶中的活性成分,还能有效避免活性成分被破坏。所得到的桃金娘发酵提取物对动物的生产性能、饲料的利用及预防腹泻具有积极的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及桃金娘发酵复合菌和发酵提取物的制备及应用,属于生物发酵技术领域。
背景技术
桃金娘(Rhodomyrtus tomentosa),又称桃娘、棯子、山棯、岗稔、稔子树、豆稔等,为桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)桃金娘属(Rhodomyrtus)的常绿灌木。桃金娘是一种常见的中草药,全株可供药用。近年来,国内外研究者发现桃金娘叶有显著的抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗风湿、抗疟、降糖的活性。其中,间苯三酚衍生物为桃金娘中的代表性成分,作为抗菌及抗氧化剂在饲料及化妆品领域具有较大的应用市场。当前,单纯的水提、醇提取方式对桃金娘中的提取率较低,大部分活性成分被留在残渣中丢弃,浪费严重。加入酶前期处理,成本又太高,且单一的酶往往降解效果并不理想。
微生物发酵利用微生物充分破坏植物细胞组织结构,将植物组织分解成小分子物质,减少提取传质阻力,充分释放活性成分,具有提取稳定、纯度高、能耗低、有机溶剂使用量少等特点。利用微生物发酵能更好地提取桃金娘中多酚物质,此外通过发酵,桃金娘叶的风味、质地都大幅提高,同时去除不良成分,增加了有益成分。
酵母菌、芽孢杆菌及乳酸菌是发酵常用的益生菌,通过对原料中糖分等营养物质的利用大量繁殖,提高了发酵底物的蛋白质水平,使其转化为更利于肠道吸收的小分子物质。间苯三酚衍生物作为多酚中的成分,具有抗菌活性。为了能发酵桃金娘叶提高多酚提取率,需要具有耐抗菌物质多酚的生物菌种。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于以桃金娘为原料,通过菌种筛选和复配技术制备一种桃金娘发酵复合菌,并利用其发酵,提供一种易操作、生产周期短,可大规模化生产获得桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,实现桃金娘植物的高值化利用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明将采用以下技术方案:
一种发酵复合菌和桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于以下所述制备步骤:
1)耐多酚菌种筛选:将酵母菌(啤酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母)、乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、发酵乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)和芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌)分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;分别以5%的比例接种于含80mg/L桃金娘醇提多酚的MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下发酵48h;观察培养液浑浊程度,挑选出了相对浑浊程度高的菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌)进行以下实验;
2)桃金娘叶原料处理:将新鲜叶子自然风干,粉碎过80目筛,得桃金娘叶粉;加20 g/L桃金娘叶粉于改良后MRS液体培养基中,搅拌均匀,超声破碎20min,121℃蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却;
3)桃金娘叶发酵菌种复配:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;将不同配比的菌种以5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;选出多酚提取率高的菌种配比(植物乳杆菌:芽孢杆菌=1:1)进行后续桃金娘叶发酵实验;
4)微生物发酵:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在 MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液,以体积比1:1按5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;
5)桃金娘发酵提取物制备:将发酵后物质过滤分离,得到发酵后桃金娘叶粉和含有丰富酵素、益生菌、氨基酸、各种有机酸、多糖等营养成分的发酵液;发酵后的桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物A;发酵液喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物B;
步骤1)中桃金娘醇提多酚为:桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,减压真空浓缩至原体积的十分之一,40℃条件下真空干燥,制得桃金娘醇提多酚;
步骤2)中改良后的MRS培养基配方为10.0g/L蛋白胨,10.0g/L酵母膏,2.0g/L柠檬酸氢二铵,0.6 g/L硫酸镁,2.0 g/L磷酸氢二钾,0.3 g/L硫酸锰,1.0mL吐温-80,pH6.2-6.6;
步骤3)中不同配比的菌种为单一植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及复合的植物乳杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌=1:1;
步骤5)中发酵后的桃金娘叶或发酵液可直接应用于饲料生产中;;
进一步的,步骤5)中发酵液高温灭菌后,可直接应用于化妆品生产中;
进一步的,步骤5)中桃金娘发酵提取物A和B可单独或者混合应用于饲料及化妆品组合物中。
本发明具有以下有益效果为:
1.本发明通过菌种筛选和复配技术,获得一种耐多酚的复合菌种,有助于在多酚环境中,充分利用桃金娘植物中的糖分,破坏其组织结构,提高桃金娘多酚的提取率,显著增加桃金娘发酵提取物的抗菌及抗氧化活性。同时通过发酵,桃金娘叶的风味、质地都大幅提高,产生了丰富的酵素、益生菌、氨基酸、各种有机酸、多糖等营养成分,所获得的桃金娘发酵提取物在饲料及化妆品领域具有很好的经济和实用价值,有较大的应用前景。
2.本发明工艺条件简单,生产周期短,成本低,易操控,且所用的原料为纯天然组分,安全无污染,廉价易得,所得到的桃金娘发酵提取物对动物的生产性能、饲料的利用及预防腹泻具有积极的效果。
附图说明
图1为不同菌种复配下桃金娘叶多酚提取率图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步描述,但不用于限制本发明。凡根据上述发明的内容对本发明做出的非本质上的修改,替换等,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
1)耐多酚菌种筛选:将酵母菌(啤酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母)、乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、发酵乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)和芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌)分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;分别以5%的比例接种于含80mg/L桃金娘醇提多酚的MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下发酵48h;观察培养液浑浊程度,挑选出了相对浑浊程度高的菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌)进行以下实验;
所述桃金娘醇提多酚为:桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,减压真空浓缩至原体积的十分之一,40℃条件下真空干燥,制得桃金娘醇提多酚;
2)桃金娘叶原料处理:将新鲜叶子自然风干,粉碎过80目筛,得桃金娘叶粉;加20 g/L桃金娘叶粉于改良后MRS液体培养基中,搅拌均匀,超声破碎20min,121℃蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却;
3)桃金娘叶发酵菌种复配:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;将不同配比的菌种以5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;选出多酚提取率高的菌种配比(植物乳杆菌:芽孢杆菌=1:1)进行后续桃金娘叶发酵实验;
所述不同配比的菌种为单一植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及复合的植物乳杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌=1:1;
所述改良后的MRS培养基配方为10.0g/L蛋白胨,10.0g/L酵母膏,2.0g/L柠檬酸氢二铵,0.6 g/L硫酸镁,2.0 g/L磷酸氢二钾,0.3 g/L硫酸锰,1.0mL吐温-80,pH6.2-6.6;
4)微生物发酵:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在 MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液,以体积比1:1按5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;
5)桃金娘发酵提取物制备:将发酵后物质过滤分离,得到发酵后桃金娘叶粉和含有丰富酵素、益生菌、氨基酸、各种有机酸、多糖等营养成分的发酵液;发酵后的桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物A;发酵液喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物B;
实施例2
1)耐多酚菌种筛选:将酵母菌(啤酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母)、乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、发酵乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)和芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌)分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;分别以6%的比例接种于含80mg/L桃金娘醇提多酚的MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下发酵48h;观察培养液浑浊程度,挑选出了相对浑浊程度高的菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌)进行以下实验;
所述桃金娘醇提多酚为:桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,减压真空浓缩至原体积的十分之一,40℃条件下真空干燥,制得桃金娘醇提多酚;
2)桃金娘叶原料处理:将新鲜叶子自然风干,粉碎过80目筛,得桃金娘叶粉;加25 g/L桃金娘叶粉于改良后MRS液体培养基中,搅拌均匀,超声破碎20min,121℃蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却;
3)桃金娘叶发酵菌种复配:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;将不同配比的菌种以6%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;选出多酚提取率高的菌种配比(植物乳杆菌:芽孢杆菌=1:1)进行后续桃金娘叶发酵实验;
不同配比的菌种为单一植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及复合的植物乳杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌=1:1;
改良后的MRS培养基配方为10.0g/L蛋白胨,10.0g/L酵母膏,2.0g/L柠檬酸氢二铵,0.6g/L硫酸镁,2.0 g/L磷酸氢二钾,0.3 g/L硫酸锰,1.0mL吐温-80,pH6.2-6.6;
4)微生物发酵:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在 MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液,以体积比1:1按6%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;
5)桃金娘发酵提取物制备:将发酵后物质过滤分离,得到发酵后桃金娘叶粉和含有丰富酵素、益生菌、氨基酸、各种有机酸、多糖等营养成分的发酵液;发酵后的桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物A;发酵液喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物B。
实施例3
1)耐多酚菌种筛选:将酵母菌(啤酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母)、乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、发酵乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)和芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌)分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;分别以5%的比例接种于含80mg/L桃金娘醇提多酚的MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下发酵36h;观察培养液浑浊程度,挑选出了相对浑浊程度高的菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌)进行以下实验;
其中桃金娘醇提多酚为:桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,减压真空浓缩至原体积的十分之一,40℃条件下真空干燥,制得桃金娘醇提多酚;
2)桃金娘叶原料处理:将新鲜叶子自然风干,粉碎过80目筛,得桃金娘叶粉;加20 g/L桃金娘叶粉于改良后MRS液体培养基中,搅拌均匀,超声破碎20min,121℃蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却;
3)桃金娘叶发酵菌种复配:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;将不同配比的菌种以5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养36h;选出多酚提取率高的菌种配比(植物乳杆菌:芽孢杆菌=1:1)进行后续桃金娘叶发酵实验;
不同配比的菌种为单一植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及复合的植物乳杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌=1:1;
改良后的MRS培养基配方为10.0g/L蛋白胨,10.0g/L酵母膏,2.0g/L柠檬酸氢二铵,0.6g/L硫酸镁,2.0 g/L磷酸氢二钾,0.3 g/L硫酸锰,1.0mL吐温-80,pH6.2-6.6;
4)微生物发酵:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在 MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液,以体积比1:1按5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养32h;
5)桃金娘发酵提取物制备:将发酵后物质过滤分离,得到发酵后桃金娘叶粉和含有丰富酵素、益生菌、氨基酸、各种有机酸、多糖等营养成分的发酵液;发酵后的桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物A;发酵液喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物B。
实施例4
1)将新鲜叶子自然风干,粉碎过80目筛,得桃金娘叶粉;加20 g/L桃金娘叶粉于改良后MRS液体培养基中,用搅拌均匀,超声破碎20min,121℃蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却;
2)在37℃,160r/min转速条件下放置48h;
3)将物质过滤分离,得到桃金娘叶粉残渣和滤液;
4)将步骤3)中得到的桃金娘叶粉残渣按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘叶提取物A;滤液喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘提取物B。
实施例5
在本发明中,桃金娘提取物中的总多酚含量测定采用基于如下原理的方法:过量的酒石酸亚铁与提取液中多酚反应生成稳定的紫褐色络合物,溶液颜色的深浅与溶液中多酚含量成正比,采用酒石酸亚铁比色法对实施例1-4所获得的提桃金娘发酵提取物中的总多酚含量进行检测,计算各实施例中桃金娘总多酚的提取率。按以下公式计算:提取率=提取液中总多酚含量/提取原料重量*100%。
各实施例中总多酚提取率的计算结果参见下表1:
表1中桃金娘发酵总多酚的有效提取率的比较
由表1的结果可发现,本发明的实施例1-3通过生物发酵后,能够显著的提高了桃金娘总多酚的提取率,相比实施例4的单纯醇提的提取量能提高近一倍。相比现有的技术而言,本发明在多酚提取量上获得了显著的进步效果。
仔猪处于生命早期,尤其是此阶段的肠胃及消化道发育不完善,免疫力低下,容易受生理、营养及外界环境的不良影响而生病,甚至还会导致死亡,给生产造成重大损失。本发明中一种桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于所得的提取物可作为饲料添加剂在生猪饲料中进行应用,在生猪饲料中的添加量为100g/t。
试验例
选取30日龄、健康、体重无显著差异的杜长大三元杂交仔猪36头,随机分为3组,试验组和对照组各12头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组1-2在基础日粮的基础上添加实施例1-3方法中制得的1:1桃金娘发酵提取物A和B混合物。试验期30天。三组采用相同的饲养管理技术及免疫方法。试验起始和截止日期日测量仔猪空腹体重,记录采食量,计算日增重及料重比(消耗饲料总重/增重总量),观察记录全过程仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率。试验结果如表2所示:
表2 试验结果
由表2可以看出,添加桃金娘发酵提取物的饲料能有效增强仔猪的生产性能,提高饲料的利用率,并且可以预防细菌性疫病的发生,对预防仔猪腹泻具有良好的效果。
Claims (7)
1.一种发酵复合菌和桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于以下所述制备步骤:
1)耐多酚菌种筛选:将酵母菌(啤酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母)、乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、发酵乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)和芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌)分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;分别以5%的比例接种于含80mg/L桃金娘醇提多酚的MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下发酵48h;观察培养液浑浊程度,挑选出了相对浑浊程度高的菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌)进行以下实验;
2)桃金娘叶原料处理:将新鲜叶子自然风干,粉碎过80目筛,得桃金娘叶粉;加20 g/L桃金娘叶粉于改良后MRS液体培养基中,搅拌均匀,超声破碎20min,121℃蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却;
3)桃金娘叶发酵菌种复配:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液;将不同配比的菌种以5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;选出多酚提取率高的菌种配比(植物乳杆菌:芽孢杆菌=1:1)进行后续桃金娘叶发酵实验;
4)微生物发酵:将枯草芽孢杆菌及植物乳杆菌分别在 MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌落数为1.0×108CFU/ml的种子液,以体积比1:1按5%的比例加到改良后MRS液体培养基中,在37℃,160r/min转速条件下进行发酵培养48h;
5)桃金娘发酵提取物制备:将发酵后物质过滤分离,得到发酵后桃金娘叶粉和含有丰富酵素、益生菌、氨基酸、各种有机酸、多糖等营养成分的发酵液;发酵后的桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物A;发酵液喷雾干燥,制得桃金娘发酵提取物B。
2.如权利要求1所述的桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中桃金娘醇提多酚为:桃金娘叶粉按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;滤渣再按液固比10:1添加80%乙醇超声30min,过滤;合并两次提取液,减压真空浓缩至原体积的十分之一,40℃条件下真空干燥,制得桃金娘醇提多酚。
3.如权利要求1所述的桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中改良后的MRS培养基配方为10.0g/L蛋白胨,10.0g/L酵母膏,2.0g/L柠檬酸氢二铵,0.6 g/L硫酸镁,2.0 g/L磷酸氢二钾,0.3 g/L硫酸锰,1.0mL吐温-80,pH6.2-6.6。
4.如权利要求1所述的桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中不同配比的菌种为单一植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及复合的植物乳杆菌:枯草芽孢杆菌=1:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的桃金娘发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5)中发酵后的桃金娘叶或发酵液可直接应用于饲料生产中。
6.如权利要求1所述的桃金娘发酵提取物,其特征在于:步骤5)中发酵液高温灭菌,可直接应用于化妆品生产中。
7.如权利要求1所述的桃金娘发酵提取物,其特征在于:步骤5)中桃金娘发酵提取物A和B可单独或者混合应用于饲料及化妆品组合物中。
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