CN111567378A - Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wild-imitating planting method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the following steps: s-1, obtaining dendrobium seedlings; s-2, domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a cycle of 25-30 ℃ for 10h and 42-45 ℃ for 4 h; s-3, treatment of a planting field: planting trees distributed in rows in advance on a planting field, and paving a planting matrix between adjacent rows of trees, wherein the planting matrix mainly comprises sandstone and sawdust; s-4, planting the dendrobium seedlings: arranging planting holes on the planting substrate, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes together with the domestication substrate; and S-5, managing and harvesting the dendrobium. According to the invention, domestication is carried out before planting of the dendrobium seedlings, so that the survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is improved, and the survival rate can be improved by at least 5%. Not only can the quality of the dendrobium be ensured, but also the polysaccharide content of the obtained dendrobium officinale can reach more than 32%, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dendrobium planting, and particularly relates to a wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale.
Background
Dendrobe is a common and famous traditional Chinese medicinal material in China, and has a long application history, the traditional Chinese medicine considers that dendrobe has the effects of nourishing yin, promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid, tonifying spleen, nourishing stomach, protecting liver, benefiting gallbladder, clearing mulberry, improving eyesight, reducing blood sugar, inhibiting tumor, enhancing immunity, relieving fatigue, moistening skin and prolonging life, and people in the past advocate dendrobe, and records and lists in medical classics in the past. Modern medical research shows that: the herba Dendrobii contains various essential microelements, polysaccharide, alkaloid, amino acids, etc., and has effects of improving immunity, inhibiting thrombosis, inhibiting tumor and delaying aging.
The existing dendrobium officinale cultivation method is continuously improved, the cultivation mode is developed into a three-dimensional cultivation mode from single greenhouse cultivation, and the novel dendrobium officinale cultivation method is continuously promoted. The greenhouse cultivation is convenient, the water and fertilizer conditions are good, but diseases, insects, rats and grasses have great harm and general quality, and roots are easy to rot due to improper management, so that the yield is reduced. The tree-bound cultivation is characterized by difficult root rot, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, less harm of diseases, insects, rats and grasses, better quality, slower lumber production time and less yield.
At present, there are some wild-imitating seed methods, for example, a wild-imitating ecological planting method of dendrobium officinale disclosed in 24.12.2019 with publication No. CN110604049A, mountain landform areas are selected, dendrobium officinale plants are put into gaps between stones or roots are nailed into the stones, the ecological environment of wild dendrobium officinale is almost completely simulated for planting, and the polysaccharide content of the obtained dendrobium officinale can reach 29.8%. However, the planting method has low survival rate, low economic benefit and high requirement on the terrain, and cannot popularize the planting. At present, an effective planting method which can ensure not only the variety of the dendrobium but also the survival rate is unavailable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale, which can ensure the quality of the dendrobium officinale, ensure that the polysaccharide content of the obtained dendrobium officinale can reach more than 32 percent, ensure the survival rate of the dendrobium officinale and obviously improve the economic benefit.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wild-imitating planting method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
s-1, obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting stem sections with internodes of Dendrobium officinale, and obtaining Dendrobium seedlings by adopting a tissue culture method;
s-2, domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are that 10 hours are at 25-30 ℃ and 4 hours are at 42-45 ℃ as a cycle;
s-3, treatment of a planting field: planting trees distributed in rows in advance on a planting field, and paving a planting matrix between adjacent rows of trees, wherein the planting matrix mainly comprises sandstone and sawdust;
s-4, planting the dendrobium seedlings: arranging planting holes on the planting substrate, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes together with the domestication substrate;
and S-5, managing and harvesting the dendrobium.
According to the technical scheme, the domestication is carried out before the dendrobium seedlings are planted, so that the survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is improved, and the survival rate can be improved by at least 5%. The dendrobium officinale contains rich dendrobium active polysaccharide, and the content of the polysaccharide in the wild dendrobium officinale is 25% or more at present. The herba Dendrobii active polysaccharide has effects of resisting tumor, relieving inflammation, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, resisting aging, promoting health recovery, increasing leukocyte, assisting cancer treatment, and improving immunity. In the prior art, the content of the dendrobe active polysaccharide can only be increased to 29 percent at most, and the content of the dendrobe active polysaccharide can reach more than 32 percent by the technical scheme of the invention through special domestication treatment and treatment on a planting field.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, use the mode of imitative wild, the quality of stem of noble dendrobium more is close wild, need not select special region moreover, does benefit to the popularization planting of stem of noble dendrobium.
Preferably, a planting platform is stacked between adjacent rows of arbors, and the planting matrix is laid on the planting platform.
Preferably, the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles. Sawdust is used as a relatively ideal culture medium, when the dendrobium is used alone, rotten roots and growth stagnation easily occur in the later period, the situation of rotten roots can be overcome to a certain extent after sand and stones are added, but the growth speed of the dendrobium is influenced, the dendrobium grows slowly, the yield is low, even the dendrobium dies, and particularly under the situation that the dendrobium can be harvested by a wild-like planting method for about two to three years, the subsequent sawdust needs to be added, so that the normal growth of the dendrobium can be maintained. In the scheme, on the basis of the sandstone and the sawdust, pine needles are added,
preferably, the sand comprises a first sand having a particle size of between 1 and 3 cm and a second sand having a particle size of between 0.1 and 0.3 cm. The second sand stone with small particle size is dispersed among the sawdust to maintain the fluffy state of the sawdust without hardening, thereby ensuring the effects of the sand stone and the pine needles.
Preferably, the adding amount of the first sand and stone is related to the adding amount of the pine needles, and 0.2-0.5kg of the first sand and stone is preferably added to each kg of the pine needles.
Preferably, the amount of the second sand is related to the amount of the sawdust, and preferably 0.8-1.2kg of the second sand is added per kg of sawdust.
Preferably, a coal cinder layer below the planting substrate is laid on the planting platform.
Preferably, the height of the cinder layer is at least 5 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the planting platform and the arbor is not more than 20 centimeters.
Preferably, the height of the planting platform is 40-50 cm.
Preferably, a shelter is built between adjacent rows of trees.
Preferably, the planting holes are 2-3 cm deep.
Preferably, the dendrobium seedlings are planted in spring or autumn, and particularly, the dendrobium seedlings are preferably planted in spring rather than in autumn. The method mainly makes full use of the conditions of spring March, climate rising, wind and warm day, spring rain such as oil, gold season for recovering everything, proper temperature and humidity, sunshine, rainwater and the like, is favorable for stimulating the axillary buds at the stem base of the dendrobium to rapidly germinate, and simultaneously grows aerial roots for the buds to absorb nutrients and moisture, thereby achieving the purpose of growing the first roots and the second roots. The autumn planting is to use the proper temperature in autumn (proper before spring in light sun) to initiate the growth of root system, but the quality, quantity and growth speed of the root are not as good as those in spring. In the place with good shading condition and meeting the humid condition, a part of very small sprouts can grow in summer. After various preparation works before planting are completed, the best planting season can be selected to rapidly develop the dendrobium production.
Through the implementation of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects: through domestication before the dendrobium seedlings are planted, the survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is improved, and the survival rate can be improved by at least 5%. Not only can the quality of the dendrobium be ensured, but also the polysaccharide content of the obtained dendrobium officinale can reach more than 32%, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are merely for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and that various substitutions and alterations made according to the common knowledge and conventional means in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A wild-imitating planting method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
s-1, obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting a stem section with internodes of the dendrobium officinale, and obtaining dendrobium seedlings by adopting the conventional tissue culture method;
s-2, domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a period of 10 hours at 30 ℃ and 4 hours at 42 ℃;
s-3, treatment of a planting field: according to the planting scale, a planting field is selected, trees (trees can be tung tree, green-wood, cinnamomum camphora, nanmu and the like) which are distributed in rows are planted on the planting field 2-3 years in advance, a shade is erected between the trees, two rows of planting platforms are stacked between adjacent rows of trees, the distance between each planting platform and each tree is not more than 20 cm, the height of each planting platform is 40-50 cm, planting matrixes are laid on the planting platforms, and the planting matrixes are planted according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 mixing sandstone and sawdust;
s-4, planting the dendrobium seedlings: in autumn, in 8-9 months, planting holes with a depth of 2-3 cm are formed in the planting substrate, and the dendrobium seedlings are planted in the planting holes together with the domestication substrate;
and S-5, managing and harvesting the dendrobium, wherein the management comprises conventional water and fertilizer management and weeding management, and the dendrobium is harvested in about 3 years.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 32.1%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 82%.
Example 2:
a wild-imitating planting method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
s-1, obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting a stem section with internodes of the dendrobium officinale, cutting the stem section into 0.5-1 cm serving as an explant after conventional disinfection, adopting MS and B5 as basic culture media, and respectively adding a plurality of culture media of different hormone combinations such as plant hormones NAA (0.05-1.5 mg/L), IAA (0.2-1.0 mg/L), 6-BA (1.0-5.0 mg/L) and the like, wherein the pH of the culture media is 5.6-6.0, the culture temperature is 25-28 ℃, the illumination is 9-10 hours per day, and the tissue culture is carried out under the condition of the illumination intensity of 1800-1900 lx. After 19 days, the stem leaves have small bud points, after about 1 month, the small buds are elongated and have bifurcated tips, and after 2 months, the small buds grow into dendrobium seedlings with the height of about 2.0-2.7 cm and 4-8 leaves;
s-2, domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a cycle of 10 hours at 28 ℃ and 4 hours at 45 ℃;
s-3, treatment of a planting field: according to the planting scale, a planting field is selected, trees distributed in rows are planted on the planting field 2-3 years in advance, a shade is erected between the trees, two rows of planting platforms are stacked between adjacent rows of trees, the distance between each planting platform and each tree is not more than 20 cm, the height of each planting platform is 40-45 cm, planting matrixes are laid on the planting platforms, and the planting matrixes are planted on the planting platforms in a mass ratio of 1: 1 mixing sandstone and sawdust;
s-4, planting the dendrobium seedlings: in spring for 3-4 months, planting holes with depth of 2-3 cm are formed on the planting substrate, and the dendrobium seedlings are planted in the planting holes together with the domestication substrate;
and S-5, managing and harvesting the dendrobium, wherein the management comprises conventional water and fertilizer management and weeding management, and the dendrobium is harvested in about 3 years.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 32.6%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 81 percent.
Example 3
A wild-imitating planting method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
s-1, obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting a stem section with internodes of the dendrobium officinale, cutting the stem section into 0.5-1 cm serving as an explant after conventional disinfection, adopting MS and B5 as basic culture media, and respectively adding a plurality of culture media of different hormone combinations such as plant hormones NAA (0.05-1.5 mg/L), IAA (0.2-1.0 mg/L), 6-BA (1.0-5.0 mg/L) and the like, wherein the pH of the culture media is 5.6-6.0, the culture temperature is 25-28 ℃, the illumination is 9-10 hours per day, and the tissue culture is carried out under the condition of the illumination intensity of 1800-1900 lx. After 19 days, the stem leaves have small bud points, after about 1 month, the small buds are elongated and have bifurcated tips, and after 2 months, the small buds grow into dendrobium seedlings with the height of about 2.0-2.7 cm and 4-8 leaves;
s-2, domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a cycle of 10 hours at 25 ℃ and 4 hours at 43 ℃;
s-3, treatment of a planting field: according to the planting scale, a planting field is selected, trees distributed in rows are planted on the planting field 2-3 years in advance, a shade shed is erected between the trees, two rows of planting platforms are stacked between adjacent rows of trees, the distance between each planting platform and each tree is not more than 20 cm, the height of each planting platform is 45-50 cm, a cinder layer and a planting matrix are sequentially paved on each planting platform, the height of each cinder layer is 5-8 cm, and the planting matrix is prepared by the following steps of: 1 mixing sandstone and sawdust;
s-4, planting the dendrobium seedlings: in spring for 3-4 months, planting holes with depth of 2-3 cm are formed on the planting substrate, and the dendrobium seedlings are planted in the planting holes together with the domestication substrate;
and S-5, managing and harvesting the dendrobium, wherein the management comprises conventional water and fertilizer management and weeding management, and the dendrobium is harvested in about 3 years.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 32.8%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 83 percent.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles, wherein the particle size of the sand is between 1 and 3 centimeters.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 33.2%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 88 percent.
Example 5
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles, wherein the particle size of the sand is between 0.1 and 0.3 cm.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 32.8%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 84 percent.
Example 6
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles, wherein the sand comprises first sand with the grain diameter of 1-3 cm and second sand with the grain diameter of 0.1-0.3 cm. The second sand stone with small particle size is dispersed among the sawdust to maintain the fluffy state of the sawdust without hardening, thereby ensuring the effects of the sand stone and the pine needles. The adding amount of the first sand stone is related to the adding amount of the pine needles, and 0.3kg of the first sand stone is preferably added to each kg of the pine needles. The amount of the second sand added is related to the amount of the sawdust, and preferably 0.8kg of the second sand is added per kg of the sawdust.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 33.5%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 93 percent.
Example 7
The difference from example 6 is that 0.5kg of first sand is added per kg of pine needles. 1.2kg of second sand is added per kg of sawdust.
The content of polysaccharide in the obtained dendrobium officinale is 32.9%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 94 percent.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that, S-2. the domestication method of dendrobe seedlings adopts the existing method disclosed in, for example, CN 110604049A: and (5) placing the cultured seedlings in a greenhouse for culturing for 6-10 months. The content of polysaccharide in the dendrobium officinale is 28.6%. The survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is 67 percent.
The polysaccharide content determination method for the dendrobium officinale planted in each example and comparative example adopts the following steps: grand grandma, Liu Yuan, Li Xiao Yun, Liu super, "determination of polysaccharide content in different species and different medicinal parts of Dendrobium nobile".
The survival rate of the dendrobium officinale planted in each example and comparative example is x100% of the number of cultivated plants/the number of plants at harvest.
Claims (10)
1. A wild-imitating planting method of dendrobium officinale is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s-1, obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting stem sections with internodes of Dendrobium officinale, and obtaining Dendrobium seedlings by adopting a tissue culture method;
s-2, domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are that 10 hours are at 25-30 ℃ and 4 hours are at 42-45 ℃ as a cycle;
s-3, treatment of a planting field: planting trees distributed in rows in advance on a planting field, and paving a planting matrix between adjacent rows of trees, wherein the planting matrix mainly comprises sandstone and sawdust;
s-4, planting the dendrobium seedlings: arranging planting holes on the planting substrate, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes together with the domestication substrate;
and S-5, managing and harvesting the dendrobium.
2. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, wherein a planting platform is stacked between adjacent rows of trees, and the planting substrate is laid on the planting platform.
3. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles.
4. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 3, wherein the sand comprises a first sand with a particle size of 1-3 cm and a second sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.3 cm.
5. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 4, wherein 0.2-0.5kg of first sand is added per kg of pine needles.
6. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 4, wherein 0.8-1.2kg of second sand is added per kg of sawdust.
7. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, wherein a coal cinder layer below the planting substrate is laid on the planting platform.
8. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 7, wherein the height of the cinder layer is at least 5 cm.
9. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the planting platform and the arbor is not more than 20 cm.
10. The wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, wherein the height of the planting platform is 40-50 cm.
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Application publication date: 20200825 |