CN111567377A - Wild-like high-quality dendrobium nobile cultivation method - Google Patents
Wild-like high-quality dendrobium nobile cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of dendrobium planting, and particularly relates to a wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a planting field; (2) planting tea trees on the planting land; (3) digging planting grooves at intervals of the tea trees; (4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, and paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, and the raw material of the moisture regulating layer comprises palm fiber; (5) paving a planting matrix on the substrate layer to plant dendrobium seedlings; (6) managing after planting; (7) and (6) harvesting. According to the invention, tea trees and dendrobium are interplanted, so that an ideal growth environment is provided for the dendrobium, the growth of the dendrobium is promoted, and the mixed planting is realized to increase the economic income. Through setting up stratum basale and moisture control layer, both can guarantee not ponding in the stem of noble dendrobium in rainy day, can guarantee again under the arid weather, can guarantee the cloudy humid environment that the stem of noble dendrobium grows, the stem of noble dendrobium that obtains of planting improves to some extent in the content of the stem of noble dendrobium polysaccharide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dendrobium planting, and particularly relates to a wild-simulated high-quality dendrobium planting method.
Background
Dendrobe is a common and famous traditional Chinese medicinal material in China, and has a long application history, the traditional Chinese medicine considers that dendrobe has the effects of nourishing yin, promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid, tonifying spleen, nourishing stomach, protecting liver, benefiting gallbladder, clearing mulberry, improving eyesight, reducing blood sugar, inhibiting tumor, enhancing immunity, relieving fatigue, moistening skin and prolonging life, and people in the past advocate dendrobe, and records and lists in medical classics in the past. Modern medical research shows that: the herba Dendrobii contains various essential microelements, polysaccharide, alkaloid, amino acids, etc., and has effects of improving immunity, inhibiting thrombosis, inhibiting tumor and delaying aging.
The existing dendrobium officinale cultivation method is continuously improved, the cultivation mode is developed into a three-dimensional cultivation mode from single greenhouse cultivation, and the novel dendrobium officinale cultivation method is continuously promoted. The greenhouse cultivation is convenient, the water and fertilizer conditions are good, but diseases, insects, rats and grasses have great harm and general quality, and roots are easy to rot due to improper management, so that the yield is reduced. The tree-bound cultivation is characterized by difficult root rot, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, less harm of diseases, insects, rats and grasses, better quality, slower lumber production time and less yield.
At present, some wild imitation planting methods exist, for example, a wild imitation dendrobium planting method disclosed in 2018, 12 and 14 days of Chinese patent application with publication No. CN108990783A is adopted, tree planting is utilized, a planting channel of the wild imitation dendrobium is improved, more nutrients are provided for planting of the wild dendrobium, the planting method is beneficial to growth of the dendrobium, but the quality of the obtained dendrobium is low, especially the content of dendrobium polysaccharide is low, the requirement on planting trees is high, and planting cannot be popularized. Also, for example, in a method for planting dendrobium officinale in a wild-resistant ecological environment disclosed in 24.12.2019 of chinese patent application publication No. CN110604049A, mountain landform areas are selected, and dendrobium officinale plants are put into gaps between stones or roots are nailed into stones, which almost completely simulates the wild-type ecological environment for planting of dendrobium officinale, although the polysaccharide content of the obtained dendrobium officinale can reach 29.8%. However, this planting method is also highly demanding on the topography and cannot be used for widespread planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wild-simulated high-quality dendrobium planting method, which simulates wild planting conditions, has low requirement on planting topography, can be popularized and planted, can ensure the quality of dendrobium, and can ensure that the polysaccharide content of the obtained dendrobium officinale can reach more than 30%.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field: mountain land or flat land;
(2) planting tea trees on the planting land at the planting interval of 35-50 cm;
(3) digging planting grooves at intervals of the tea trees;
(4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, and paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, and the raw material of the moisture regulating layer comprises palm fiber;
(5) paving a planting matrix on the substrate layer to plant dendrobium seedlings;
(6) managing after planting: the method comprises the steps of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management;
(7) harvesting: and harvesting the old stems for 2-3 years once every 15-20 months after field planting.
In the technical scheme, tea trees and dendrobium are interplanted, a stereoscopic cultivation mode is adopted by utilizing the height difference and the required different illumination intensities of the tea trees and the dendrobium, the ecological environment of the dendrobium can be improved, the virtuous circle of an ecological system is promoted, the tea trees are utilized for shading, the effects of high-temperature drought resistance and strong sunlight resistance are achieved on the dendrobium, meanwhile, the workload of loosening the soil and weeding in a dendrobium base every year is reduced, and further the labor intensity is reduced; not only can provide an ideal growth environment for the dendrobium, plays a role in promoting the growth of the dendrobium, but also can increase the economic income by interplanting. The content of the dendrobium polysaccharide is related to moisture imbalance in the growth process of the dendrobium to a certain extent, and the above scheme also can ensure that the dendrobium does not accumulate water in rainy days and can ensure a humid environment for the growth of the dendrobium in dry days by arranging the substrate layer and the moisture adjusting layer in the planting groove, so that the content of the dendrobium polysaccharide obtained by planting is improved to some extent.
Preferably, the raw material of the moisture-regulating layer includes palm fiber and bark.
Preferably, the raw materials of the water regulating layer comprise palm fiber and bark, and the mass ratio of the palm fiber to the bark is 2: 1-2.
Preferably, quicklime is sprayed in the planting groove for sterilization before the planting substrate is laid.
Preferably, the depth of the planting groove is 25-28 cm.
Preferably, the height of the base layer is 12-15 cm.
Preferably, the moisturizing layer extends to the outside of the planting substrate.
Preferably, the dendrobium seedlings are obtained by adopting a tissue culture method, the dendrobium seedlings are removed from a tissue culture medium, the culture medium is cleaned, the dendrobium seedlings are planted in a domestication substrate and domesticated for 12-15 days under the domestication condition, wherein the domestication condition is that 10 hours are carried out at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and 4 hours are carried out at the temperature of 42-45 ℃ for one period.
According to the technical scheme, the domestication is carried out before the dendrobium seedlings are planted, so that the survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is improved, and the survival rate can be improved by at least 5%.
Preferably, the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles. Sawdust is used as a relatively ideal culture medium, when the dendrobium is used alone, rotten roots and growth stagnation easily occur in the later period, the situation of rotten roots can be overcome to a certain extent after sand and stones are added, but the growth speed of the dendrobium is influenced, the dendrobium grows slowly, the yield is low, even the dendrobium dies, and particularly under the situation that the dendrobium can be harvested by a wild-like planting method for about two to three years, the subsequent sawdust needs to be added, so that the normal growth of the dendrobium can be maintained. In the scheme, on the basis of the gravel and the sawdust, pine needles are added, so that the nutritional requirements of the dendrobium can be maintained.
Preferably, the sand comprises a first sand having a particle size of between 1 and 3 cm and a second sand having a particle size of between 0.1 and 0.3 cm. The second sand stone with small particle size is dispersed among the sawdust to maintain the fluffy state of the sawdust without hardening, thereby ensuring the effects of the sand stone and the pine needles.
Preferably, the adding amount of the first sand and stone is related to the adding amount of the pine needles, and 0.2-0.5kg of the first sand and stone is preferably added to each kg of the pine needles.
Preferably, the amount of the second sand is related to the amount of the sawdust, and preferably 0.8-1.2kg of the second sand is added per kg of sawdust.
Through the implementation of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by interplanting the tea trees and the dendrobium, an ideal growth environment can be provided for the dendrobium, the growth of the dendrobium is promoted, and the mixed planting can be performed to increase the economic income.
2. Through setting up stratum basale and moisture control layer, both can guarantee not ponding in the stem of noble dendrobium in rainy day, can guarantee again under the arid weather, can guarantee the cloudy humid environment that the stem of noble dendrobium grows, the stem of noble dendrobium that obtains of planting improves to some extent in the content of the stem of noble dendrobium polysaccharide.
3. Through domestication before the dendrobium seedlings are planted, the survival rate of the dendrobium seedlings is improved, and the survival rate can be improved by at least 5%.
4. By improving the planting matrix, the conditions of slow growth and low yield of the dendrobium can be overcome.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are merely for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and that various substitutions and alterations made according to the common knowledge and conventional means in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field according to the planting scale: selecting mountain land or flat land;
(2) planting tea trees arranged in rows on a planting ground, wherein the planting distance is 35-50 cm;
(3) digging strip-shaped planting grooves at the intervals of the tea trees, wherein the depth of the planting grooves is 25-28 cm;
(4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, and paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, the height of the substrate layer is 12-15cm, and the moisture regulating layer is made of palm fibers;
(5) spraying quicklime in the planting groove for sterilization, paving the existing dendrobium planting matrix on the substrate layer after sterilization, forming planting holes on the planting matrix, and planting dendrobium seedlings in the holes, wherein the interval between every two adjacent planting holes is about 10 centimeters;
(6) managing after planting: the method comprises the steps of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management;
(7) harvesting: and harvesting the old stems for 2-3 years once every 15-20 months after field planting.
Example 2
A wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field according to the planting scale: selecting mountain land or flat land;
(2) planting tea trees arranged in rows on a planting ground, wherein the planting distance is 35-50 cm;
(3) digging strip-shaped planting grooves at the intervals of the tea trees, wherein the depth of the planting grooves is 25-28 cm;
(4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, and paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, and the moisture regulating layer is made of palm fibers;
(5) laying a planting matrix on the substrate layer, forming planting holes on the planting matrix, and planting dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes, wherein the interval between every two adjacent planting holes is about 10 centimeters;
(6) managing after planting: the method comprises the steps of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management;
(7) harvesting: and harvesting the old stems for 2-3 years once every 15-20 months after field planting.
Example 3
A wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a flat land as a planting land according to the planting scale;
(2) planting tea trees arranged in rows on a planting ground, wherein the planting distance is 35-50 cm;
(3) digging strip-shaped planting grooves at the intervals of the tea trees, wherein the depth of the planting grooves is 25-28 cm;
(4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, and the moisture regulating layer is made of palm fiber and bark in a mass ratio of 2: 1;
(5) laying the existing dendrobium planting matrix on the substrate layer, forming planting holes on the planting matrix, spacing the adjacent planting holes by about 10 centimeters, and planting domesticated dendrobium seedlings in the holes in autumn;
obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting a stem section with internodes of the dendrobium officinale, and obtaining dendrobium seedlings by adopting the conventional tissue culture method;
domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a period of 10 hours at 30 ℃ and 4 hours at 42 ℃;
(6) managing after planting: the method comprises the steps of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management;
(7) harvesting: and harvesting the old stems for 2-3 years once every 15-20 months after field planting.
Example 4
A wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a mountain land as a planting field according to the planting scale;
(2) planting tea trees arranged in rows on a planting ground, wherein the planting distance is 35-50 cm;
(3) digging strip-shaped planting grooves at the intervals of the tea trees, wherein the depth of the planting grooves is 25-28 cm;
(4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, and paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, and the moisture regulating layer is formed by weaving palm fibers;
(5) laying a planting matrix on the substrate layer, forming planting holes on the planting matrix, spacing the adjacent planting holes by about 10 centimeters, and planting the acclimated dendrobium seedlings in the holes in 3-4 months in spring;
obtaining dendrobium seedlings: selecting a stem section with internodes of the dendrobium officinale, cutting the stem section into 0.5-1 cm serving as an explant after conventional disinfection, adopting MS and B5 as basic culture media, and respectively adding a plurality of culture media of different hormone combinations such as plant hormones NAA (0.05-1.5 mg/L), IAA (0.2-1.0 mg/L), 6-BA (1.0-5.0 mg/L) and the like, wherein the pH of the culture media is 5.6-6.0, the culture temperature is 25-28 ℃, the illumination is 9-10 hours per day, and the tissue culture is carried out under the condition of the illumination intensity of 1800-1900 lx. After 19 days, the stem leaves have small bud points, after about 1 month, the small buds are elongated and have bifurcated tips, and after 2 months, the small buds grow into dendrobium seedlings with the height of about 2.0-2.7 cm and 4-8 leaves;
domestication of dendrobium seedlings: removing the dendrobium seedlings from the tissue culture medium, cleaning the culture medium, planting the dendrobium seedlings in a domestication substrate, domesticating for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a period of 10 hours at 30 ℃ and 4 hours at 42 ℃;
(6) managing after planting: the method comprises the steps of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management;
(7) harvesting: and harvesting the old stems for 2-3 years once every 15-20 months after field planting.
Example 5
The difference from the embodiment 4 is that the planting substrate comprises sand and sawdust, and the weight ratio of sand to sawdust is 1: 1 mixing to obtain the product; wherein the particle size of the sand is 1-3 cm.
Example 6
The difference from the embodiment 4 is that the planting matrix comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles, and the weight ratio of the sand to the sawdust to the pine needles is 1: 1: 0.5 is mixed; wherein the particle size of the sand is 1-2 cm.
Example 7
The difference from example 4 is that the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles, wherein the sand comprises first sand with the grain diameter of 1-2 cm and second sand with the grain diameter of 0.1-0.2 cm. The second sand stone with small particle size is dispersed among the sawdust to maintain the fluffy state of the sawdust without hardening, thereby ensuring the effects of the sand stone and the pine needles. The adding amount of the first sand stone is related to the adding amount of the pine needles, and 0.4kg of the first sand stone is preferably added to each kg of the pine needles. The amount of the second sand added is related to the amount of the sawdust, and preferably 1.0kg of the second sand is added per kg of the sawdust.
The polysaccharide content determination method for the dendrobium officinale planted in each example and comparative example adopts the following steps: grand grandma, Liu Yuan, Li Xiao Yun, Liu super, "determination of polysaccharide content in different species and different medicinal parts of Dendrobium nobile".
The survival rate of the dendrobium officinale planted in each example and comparative example is x100% of the number of cultivated plants/the number of plants at harvest. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 survival rate and polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale planted in each example and comparative example
Claims (10)
1. A wild-imitating high-quality dendrobium planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field;
(2) planting tea trees on the planting land at the planting interval of 35-50 cm;
(3) digging planting grooves at intervals of the tea trees;
(4) paving a substrate layer in the planting groove, and paving moisture-keeping layers on two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer is formed by stacking stones, and the raw material of the moisture regulating layer comprises palm fiber;
(5) paving a planting matrix on the substrate layer to plant dendrobium seedlings;
(6) managing after planting: the method comprises the steps of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management;
(7) harvesting: and harvesting the old stems for 2-3 years once every 15-20 months after field planting.
2. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein the moisture regulating layer comprises palm fiber and bark.
3. The wild-simulated high-quality dendrobium planting method according to claim 2, wherein the raw materials of the water regulating layer comprise palm fiber and bark, and the ratio of the palm fiber to the bark is 2: 1-2.
4. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the planting groove is 25-28 cm.
5. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein the height of the substrate layer is 12-15 cm.
6. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein quicklime is sprayed in the planting groove for sterilization before the planting substrate is laid.
7. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein the dendrobium nobile seedling is obtained by a tissue culture method, the dendrobium nobile seedling is removed from the tissue culture medium, the culture medium is cleaned, the dendrobium nobile seedling is planted in a domestication substrate and domesticated for 12-15 days under domestication conditions, wherein the domestication conditions are a cycle of 25-30 ℃ for 10h and 42-45 ℃ for 4 h.
8. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 1, wherein the planting substrate comprises sand, sawdust and pine needles.
9. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 8, wherein the sand includes a first sand with a particle size of 1-3 cm and a second sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.3 cm.
10. The method for planting dendrobium nobile according to claim 9, wherein the amount of the first sand added is related to the amount of the pine needles added, preferably 0.2-0.5kg of the first sand is added per kg of the pine needles, and the amount of the second sand is related to the amount of the sawdust added, preferably 0.8-1.2kg of the second sand is added per kg of the sawdust.
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