CN111373167A - 车轮轴承的密封装置 - Google Patents
车轮轴承的密封装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/784—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to a groove in the inner surface of the outer race and extending toward the inner race
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/7869—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward
- F16C33/7879—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a further sealing ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0073—Hubs characterised by sealing means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
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- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
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- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
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- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
- F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
- F16C33/782—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
- F16C33/7823—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of sealing lips
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/80—Labyrinth sealings
- F16C33/805—Labyrinth sealings in addition to other sealings, e.g. dirt guards to protect sealings with sealing lips
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3248—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports
- F16J15/3252—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports
- F16J15/3256—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports comprising two casing or support elements, one attached to each surface, e.g. cartridge or cassette seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
- F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
Abstract
车轮轴承(1)的密封装置,车轮轴承具有第一轴承部件(3)和与车轮轴承法兰(7)一体式连接的第二轴承部件(5),在第一轴承部件和第二轴承部件之间引导滚动体,其中,密封装置(2)包括:‑承载元件(10),承载元件与第一轴承部件(3)连接,并且其中,在承载元件(10)上设有弹性元件(11),其中,弹性元件(11)具有至少一个密封唇,并且承载元件(10)具有固定区段,固定区段与第一轴承部件(3)连接,‑止推部件(12),止推部件相对第二轴承部件(5)固定并且至少一个密封唇在止推部件上滑动接触,‑其中,车轮轴承法兰(7)具有轴向突出部(13),其中,车轮轴承法兰(7)的轴向突出部(13)至少部分地包围第一轴承部件(5)的轴向突出部(14),并且其中,车轮轴承法兰(7)的轴向突出部(13)的内表面(15)形成止推部件(12)的支座。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于机动车的车轮轴承的密封装置。
背景技术
在车轮轴承中,必须通过在两侧滑动地密封容纳运行轨道和滚动体的、填充有润滑剂的空间,使得没有产生固体颗粒也没有产生腐蚀的介质能够进入到该空间中。因为在行驶运行中可能会在横向加速度下在支承部之内发生微小的倾翻,因此产生了风险,即使用的唇式密封件从滑动面上抬起。使用的密封件可以与由经成形加工的板件制成的离心板共同作用。与旋转的轮毂或者说车轮轴承法兰连接的离心板可与布置在车轮悬架的静止部件中的另一钣金环共同形成额外的迷宫式密封部。此外,至少一个密封环的密封唇在轴向或径向上伸延并且在离心板上滑动地引导。前述用于密封的构件也可为密封链的集成的组成部分,在密封链中密封唇有限地沿轴向被预紧。
在车轮轴承的车辆轴向侧存在处于相关的转动副之间的主要沿轴向定向的开口,开口有时被邻接的等速万向节的万向节罩覆盖。在车轮法兰轴向侧,在车轮轴承的转动副之间的开口例如通过直接相邻的车轮法兰沿径向指向外侧并且喷射水会非常容易地到达。因为相比于大多未经加工的车轮法兰内侧,在车轮法兰处的由板件制成的离心板引起更好的滑动密封接触,因此在将车轮轴承安装在轮毂上前与车轮法兰邻接地安装离心板。
由于摇动、持续不断的振动负荷或其他原因会使离心板滑落,由此离心板在外表面上沿轴向接近滚动体并且在接触时损坏滚动体。这导致车轮轴承失效。
由DE 10 2010 034 385 A1已知一种用于车轮轴承的轴承密封机构,其中,离心板被固定在车轮轴承法兰上,车轮轴承法兰与车轮轴承的旋转的轴承圈连接成一体。密封装置的密封唇支撑在离心板上,密封装置与另一抗转动的轴承圈耦合。
在DE 10 2009 052 311 A1中描述了一种具有密封装置的车轮轴承,车轮轴承在法兰侧包围用于密封滚动体的离心环。在安装状态下,轴向的密封唇经由滑动密封接触支撑在离心板上。密封唇配备在固定在外圈上的支架处。
由DE 103 58 876 A1已知一种用于车轮轴承的密封装置,密封装置借助两个密封环在车轮轴承的两个可相对彼此转动的部件之间的轴向开口处并且沿轴向密封车轮轴承。为此,两个密封环形成间隙式迷宫,间隙式迷宫具有收集槽,收集槽具有轴向贯通且径向延伸的密封间隙。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题提供一种密封装置,该密封装置在使用期间可靠地密封并且具有更高的使用寿命。
根据本发明,该技术问题通过车轮轴承的密封装置解决,该车轮轴承具有第一轴承部件和与车轮轴承法兰一体式连接的第二轴承部件,在第一轴承部件和第二轴承部件之间引导滚动体,其中,密封装置包括:
-承载元件,承载元件与第一轴承部件连接,并且其中,在承载元件上设有弹性元件,其中,弹性元件具有至少一个密封唇,并且承载元件具有固定区段,固定区段与第一轴承部件连接,
-止推部件,止推部件相对第二轴承部件固定并且至少一个密封唇在止推部件上滑动接触,
-其中,车轮轴承法兰具有轴向突出部,
其中,车轮轴承法兰的轴向突出部至少部分地包围第一轴承部件的轴向突出部,并且其中,车轮轴承法兰的轴向突出部的内表面形成止推部件的支座。
在已知的密封装置中,在第二轴承部件上的止推部件被安装在邻接车轮轴承法兰的区域中。但是止推部件的支座的区域是第二轴承部件和车轮轴承法兰的应力最大的区域之一。通过例如由于摇动等引起的高应力的激励使得止推部件轴向移动。该轴向移动引起止推部件接近滚动体,由此会在接触时损伤滚动体。
因此,在根据本发明的密封装置中,车轮轴承法兰具有轴向突出部,轴向突出部至少部分地包围第一轴承部件的轴向突出部,并且其中,车轮轴承法兰的轴向突出部的内表面形成用于止推部件的支座。在这种构造方式中,密封板的支座从应力最大的区域中迁移出来。通过此时在车轮轴承法兰的轴向突出部上设置止推部件的支座,可避免止推部件的移动。在根据现有技术的止推部件的具有支座的区域中,此时止推部件优选是无接触的。还有利的是,通过由车轮轴承法兰的轴向突出部部分地包围第一轴承部件的轴向突出部提供了迷宫密封部形式的预密封部。
根据本发明的设计方案,在车轮轴承法兰的轴向突出部的端侧和第一轴承部件的端侧之间形成第一密封间隙。该密封间隙限定预密封部或迷宫密封部。由此污染物等难以进入。密封间隙在轴向冲击作用到第二轴承部件或者说车轮轴承法兰上时同时用于导出,由此将作用的力从车轮法兰导出到第一轴承部件上。由此避免滚动体损坏。
根据本发明的设计方案,在车轮轴承法兰的外周面和/或第一轴承部件的外周面上设置至少一个排放沟。排放沟用于再次加强密封作用并且避免污染物等进入迷宫式密封部中。
优选地,承载元件借助固定区段固定在第一轴承部件的内周面上。由此避免污染物等破坏支座以及发生对密封装置有不利影响的腐蚀。
本发明的一种构造方式是,车轮轴承法兰面对车轮轴承地构造有径向延伸的侧面,并且在第二轴承部件处的容纳止推部件的外表面在朝向车轮轴承法兰的方向上邻接滚动体运行轨道,并且在外表面和侧面之间的过渡区域中布置有径向的和/或轴向的、环绕地构造的槽。由于此时取消了该区域中的止推部件的支座,槽或者说该区域如此设计,使得构件强度得到改进。在此,槽可相应地完全或部分地布置在外表面中和/或侧面中。
优选地,槽的槽底形成至少一个半径。槽的至少一个半径可匹配车轮轴承法兰的不同几何结构,从而使过渡区域中的应力最小,并且提高构件强度。在此可设置唯一的半径也可设置多个半径。
优选地,在止推部件的过渡区域和槽底之间形成自由空间。在该自由空间中可收集油脂或密封剂并且最佳地分配,这进一步改进了止推板的支座。
附图说明
下面根据三个附图示出本发明的三个实施例。其中示出:
图1示出了具有根据本发明的依照第一实施方式的密封装置的车轮轴承的纵向剖视图,
图2示出了具有根据本发明的依照第二实施方式的密封装置的车轮轴承的纵向剖视图,和
图3示出了具有根据本发明的依照第三实施方式的密封装置的车轮轴承的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有根据本发明的密封装置2的仅局部示出的车轮轴承1的纵向剖视图。车轮轴承1具有第一轴承部件3,第一轴承部件构造成外圈4并且在安装状态下与未示出的车轮支架连接。还设有第二轴承部件5,第二轴承部件形成内圈6。第二轴承部件5具有一体连接的车轮轴承法兰7。在第一轴承部件3和第二轴承部件5之间引导两个滚动体列8、9。
车轮轴承2的密封装置1包括承载元件10,承载元件借助压配合连接在第一轴承部件3的内周处。在承载元件10上设有弹性元件11,其中,弹性元件11具有至少一个密封唇。承载元件10还具有固定区段以固定在第一轴承部件3上。为了避免在固定区段下的锈蚀,借助模制在弹性部件处的密封环形成所谓的静态密封。
密封装置还具有止推部件12,止推部件与第二轴承部件5固定并且至少一个密封唇在止推部件处滑动接触。还可看出,车轮轴承法兰7具有轴向突出部13。轴向突出部13至少部分地包围第一轴承部件3的轴向突出部14。根据该构造方式形成迷宫形式的预密封部。在此,在车轮轴承法兰7的轴向突出部13的端侧16和第一轴承部件3的端侧17之间形成密封间隙。在此,第一轴承部件的端侧17构造在沿径向与突出部14相邻并且沿径向从滚动体列8、9延伸离开的侧面处。
此外,车轮轴承法兰7的轴向突出部13的内表面15形成用于止推部件12的支座。由此取消了现有技术已知的在第二轴承部件5和车轮轴承法兰7之间的过渡区域中的支座。
在轴向突出部13上连接径向延伸的侧面18。此外,设有在第二轴承部件5处的外表面19,外表面19在朝向车轮轴承法兰7的方向上邻接滚动体运行轨道。外表面19可以构造成圆柱形并且可以具有锥形的轮廓。外表面19在过渡区域20中过渡到径向延伸的侧面18中。在过渡区域20中形成径向的和/或轴向的环绕槽21。槽21可匹配车轮轴承法兰7的相应几何结构。槽21的槽底22形成有至少一个半径。在槽底22和止推部件12之间形成自由空间。该自由空间可用于存储密封件、油脂等。
从图1中还可看出,在车轮轴承法兰7或者说突出部13的外周面23上以及在第一轴承部件3的外周面24上分别设有排放沟25、26。排放沟25、26形成一种预密封部,预密封部应降低脏污进入到轴承内部。
图2和图3示出了本发明的其他实施例。相同的部件用与前述图1中相同的附图标记表示。
图2示出了本发明的第二实施例。与前述图1的区别是,止推部件额外地径向地沿着端侧16延伸。
图3示出了本发明的第三实施例。相对于前述附图,在此仅设有排放沟27。在此,排放沟27构造在第一轴承部件的突出部14的外周面28上。
附图标记列表
1 车轮轴承
2 密封装置
3 第一轴承部件
4 外圈
5 第二轴承部件
6 内圈
7 车轮轴承法兰
8 滚动体列
9 滚动体列
10 承载元件
11 弹性元件
12 止推部件
13 车轮轴承法兰的突出部
14 第一轴承部件的突出部
15 内表面
16 端侧
17 端侧
18 侧面
19 外表面
20 过渡区域
21 槽
22 槽底
23 外周面
24 外周面
25 排放沟
26 排放沟
27 排放沟
28 外周面
Claims (7)
1.车轮轴承(1)的密封装置,所述车轮轴承具有第一轴承部件(3)和与车轮轴承法兰(7)一体式连接的第二轴承部件(5),在所述第一轴承部件和所述第二轴承部件之间引导滚动体,其中,所述密封装置(2)包括:
-承载元件(10),所述承载元件与所述第一轴承部件(3)连接,并且其中,在所述承载元件(10)上设有弹性元件(11),其中,所述弹性元件(11)具有至少一个密封唇,并且所述承载元件(10)具有固定区段,所述固定区段与所述第一轴承部件(3)连接,
-止推部件(12),所述止推部件相对所述第二轴承部件(5)固定并且所述至少一个密封唇在所述止推部件上滑动接触,
-其中,所述车轮轴承法兰(7)具有轴向突出部(13),
其特征在于,所述车轮轴承法兰(7)的轴向突出部(13)至少部分地包围所述第一轴承部件(5)的轴向突出部(14),并且其中,所述车轮轴承法兰(7)的轴向突出部(13)的内表面(15)形成所述止推部件(12)的支座。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封装置(1),其中,在所述车轮轴承法兰(7)的轴向突出部(13)的端侧(16)和所述第一轴承部件(3)的端侧(17)之间形成第一密封间隙。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的密封装置(1),其中,在所述车轮轴承法兰(7)的外周面(23)和/或所述第一轴承部件(3)的外周面(24、28)上设置至少一个排放沟(25、26、27)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的密封装置(1),其中,所述承载元件(10)借助所述固定区段固定在所述第一轴承部件(3)的内周面上。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的密封装置(1),其中,所述车轮轴承法兰(7)面对所述车轮轴承地构造有径向延伸的侧面(18),并且在所述第二轴承部件(5)处的容纳所述止推部件(12)的外表面(19)在朝向所述车轮轴承法兰(7)的方向上邻接滚动体运行轨道,并且在所述外表面(19)和所述侧面(18)之间的过渡区域(20)中布置有径向的和/或轴向的、环绕地构造的槽(21)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的密封装置(1),其中,所述槽(21)的槽底(22)形成至少一个半径。
7.根据权利要求6所述的密封装置(1),其中,在所述止推部件(12)和所述槽底(22)之间形成自由空间。
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