CN111333617A - 一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料及其合成方法和应用,该荧光染料基于苝酰亚胺,在供电基一端引入双氨基取代基设计合成,其结构式如(1)所示,相比商业脂滴染料,该系列染料光稳定性得到了大幅提高,且在不同溶剂中荧光发射波长达到了近红外区域(680‑730nm),亮度高(Ф>0.4),半峰宽窄(<60nm),生物相容性好。该类荧光染料能够在低浓度对多种活细胞及产油酵母中脂滴进行快速准确地染色。此外,本发明的脂滴荧光染料在甘油三脂环境中荧光发射波长达到711nm,组织及活体穿透能力强,具有很强的生物应用性,能广泛应用于活体内脂类的检测与成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于用于脂滴标记的荧光染料领域,具体涉及一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
近些年脂滴被认为是一种在细菌到人类细胞中均存在的重要细胞器,由单层磷脂膜包裹着中性脂(TAG)或甾醇脂(SE)的疏水核,其中磷脂头部基团暴露于细胞质而酰基基团与TAG相互作用。然而在不同组织与细胞中,脂滴具有特异性,其数目、大小、分布不同,从100nm到100μm大小不一。同一细胞内随其生理环境条件变化其脂滴的数目与尺寸变化也很快。当脂滴作为中性脂储存场所之时,其一般作为较大尺寸结构存在;而当细胞需要脂滴转化和移动提供能量之时,其以数目较多小尺寸结构存在。脂滴还能够参与膜的运输、蛋白降解、组蛋白存储、病毒识别等生理活动。此外,脂滴的生长与堆积与代谢紊乱的疾病密切相关,例如:动脉硬化,脂肪肝,肥胖症等。所以,对细胞内以及活体内的脂滴的监测极其重要。
由于光学显微成像技术能够在生物样本原位检测且能够达到高的时空分辨率,其已经成为一种普遍用于生物识别与成像的重要手段。而随着激光共聚焦与高分辨技术的迅速发展,荧光成像的运用能够通过荧光信息的传达得到更精准、精细的微观信息。目前,应用于脂滴成像与检测的荧光染料已屡见不鲜,且其已被广泛应用于动物细胞、产油酵母和微藻内脂滴成像与含量的检测。
其中,最常见的染料为尼罗红与BODIPY515,二者合适的激发均在488nm,发射在500-580nm。然而生物样本中在500-600nm存在自发荧光,例如类胡萝卜素等,与其发射重叠。此外,由于散射能力与波长的4次方成反比,其不利于活体荧光成像。目前,激发与发射波长最长的商业脂滴荧光染料最大激发与发射为637nm/655nm。所以,近红外区域内(>650nm)脂滴荧光染料的开发与应用显得极为迫切且有着开阔前景,对于活体内脂滴的堆积及相关疾病的研究具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料及其合成方法和应用。
本发明提供一类用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料,以苝酰亚胺为荧光基团,在其9,10-位引入两个氨基取代基使其在类中性脂环境(三辛酸丙三脂)中发射波长达到700nm以上。该荧光染料对多种细胞进行染色后能特定的标记细胞内脂滴,具有荧光发射波长长、染色浓度低、快速染色、生物相容性好等特点。
一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料,该荧光染料具有如下结构:
一类用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料,该染料能够在极低浓度(10nM)特异性标记细胞内脂滴。
一类用于脂滴标记的荧光染料的合成方法,其合成路线,如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与醇伯胺或脂肪伯胺溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液中;将反应液加热至100-140℃,搅拌1-10h;将反应液泠却至室温后倒入冰水中抽滤得黑色固体,真空干燥,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:0.25-6的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂得深红色固体N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺;
(2)探针N-烷基-9,10-二脂肪胺基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺,溶于乙二醇甲醚中,并向其中加入脂肪胺;而后将反应液缓慢升温至90-130℃,并在氮气保护下反应10-24h;减压除去溶剂,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:1-0的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂,得蓝色固体探针N-烷基-9,10-二脂肪胺基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺;
步骤(1)中,9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与醇伯胺或脂肪伯胺的质量比为1-10:1;
9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的质量与N-甲基吡咯烷酮与醋酸混合液的体积比为1:20-120g/mL;
N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸的体积比为1-3:3-4。
步骤(2)中,N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与脂肪胺的质量比为1-4:1-6;
脂肪胺与乙二醇甲醚质量与体积比为5-120:1g/mL。
本发明的一类用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,该方法具有操作方便、原料廉价、提纯简单等优点。
本发明具有以下特征:
该类染料拥有合成原料低价、方法简单且易于衍生等优点。
该类染料在不同有机溶剂中荧光波长能够达到700nm以上,荧光量子产率>0.40;在中性脂环境中波长达到711nm。此类探针荧光发射波长及激发波长均达到了近红外区,穿透能力强,对细胞损伤小,更有利于活细胞、组织及活体成像。
该类染料基于水中聚集荧光淬灭机制可以实现活细胞内脂滴的免洗标记以及活体内脂类组织的标记。此类染料在HT29(结肠癌细胞)、MCF(乳腺癌细胞)、脂肪细胞等多种细胞系中均能对脂滴进行精准定位;同时能够对斑马鱼活体脂类代谢中心(肝脏)进行标记及荧光成像。由于该类探针光稳定性及亮度的提高能够实现对脂滴的超分辨荧光成像,可应用于脂滴与其他细胞器相互作用研究、脂滴融合等研究中。
附图说明
图1实施例2制备的N-丁基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱。
图2实施例3制备的N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(OLD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱。
图3为实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze在不同溶剂中的归一化荧光谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度,荧光探针的浓度为10μM。
图4为实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze在不同溶剂中的归一化紫外吸收谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为吸收强度,荧光探针的浓度为10μM。
图5为实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze在三辛酸甘油酯中的激发与荧光发射谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度,荧光探针的浓度为10μM。
图6中实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze的MCF活细胞荧光成像图。
图7中实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze的HT29活细胞荧光成像图。
图8中实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze的脂肪细胞活细胞荧光成像图。
图9中实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze的HT29活细胞超分辨荧光成像图。
图10中实施例3制备的脂滴染料OLD-DAze对斑马鱼染色后的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
脂滴荧光染料MLD-DAzi的合成方法。
中间体N-甲基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(MLD-DBr)的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.2g,1.96mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液50mL(1:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加甲胺120mg。100℃反应3h后,将反应液倒入200mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑色固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,V/V)得红色固体482mg,产率39%。其核磁谱图氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.59(s,2H),8.14(s,2H),4.33(s,3H).
染料N-甲基-9,10-二-氮丙啶基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酰亚胺MLD-DBr(200mg,0.32mmol)与氮丙啶(100mg,2.32mmol)溶于20mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至90℃。12h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:3,V/V)得蓝绿色固体18mg,产率11%。其核磁谱图氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.55(s,2H),6.57(s,2H),4.31(s,3H),2.76(s,8H).
经检测,其结构如上式MLD-DAzi所示,其能够特异性标记活细胞内脂滴。
实施例2
脂滴荧光染料BuLD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.2g,1.96mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液144mL(4:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加正丁胺(428mg,5.86mmol)。140℃反应1h后,将反应液倒入200mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑色固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,V/V)得红色固体600mg,产率46%。其核磁谱图氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.59(s,2H),8.14(s,2H),4.38–4.11(m,2H),1.94–1.66(m,2H),1.56–1.38(m,2H),0.99(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
染料N-丁基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酰亚胺(200mg,0.30mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(50mg,0.87mmol)溶于10mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至120℃。12h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:4,V/V)得蓝绿色固体46mg,产率25%。实施例2制备的N-丁基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱如图1所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.52(s,2H),6.55(s,2H),4.25–4.19(m,2H),4.09(s,8H),2.48(s,4H),1.79–1.67(m,2H),1.48(dd,J=14.9,7.4Hz,2H),0.99(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).
经检测,其结构如上式BuLD-DAze所示,该染料荧光发射波长达到近红外区,可特异性标记细胞内脂滴。
实施例3
脂滴荧光染料OLD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.2g,1.96mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液24mL(2:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加二甘醇胺(303mg,8.79mmol)。100℃反应6h后,将反应液倒入150mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑色固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1-1:4,V/V)得红色固体380mg,产率55%。其核磁谱图氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(s,2H),8.13(s,2H),4.67–4.41(m,2H),3.88(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.71(d,J=4.5Hz,2H),3.67(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),2.38(s,1H).
染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(OLD-DAze)的合成:
将OLD-DBr(200mg,0.28mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(1200mg,16.4mmol)溶于10mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至130℃。24h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体60mg,产率32%。实施例3制备的N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(OLD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱如图2所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.53(s,2H),6.57(s,2H),4.57–4.37(m,2H),4.10(s,8H),3.88(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),3.71(s,4H),2.50(s,4H).
经检测,其结构如上式OLD-DAze所示,荧光性能检测如下:
将OLD-DAze溶解于DMSO溶液中,配制成2mM母液,根据需要配制成不同浓度测试溶液,以检测其荧光光谱、紫外光谱的检测。
OLD-DAze在正己烷、乙腈、氯仿、乙醇、二甲基亚砜等溶剂中的荧光发射光谱测试与紫外吸收光谱测试。每次取20μL OLD-DAze母液,分别加入4mL正己烷、乙腈、氯仿、乙醇、二甲基亚砜,配制成10μM的荧光染料测试液,并进行荧光光谱的测试与紫外吸收光谱测试。
OLD-DAze在正己烷、乙腈、氯仿、乙醇、二甲基亚砜中的归一化的荧光谱图如图3所示:OLD-DAze在正己烷、乙腈、氯仿、乙醇、二甲基亚砜中的荧光发射波长均大于710nm,达到了近红外发射波长。
OLD-DAze在正己烷、乙腈、氯仿、乙醇、二甲基亚砜中的归一化的紫外吸收谱图如图4所示:OLD-DAze在正己烷、乙腈、氯仿、乙醇、二甲基亚砜中的紫外吸收波长均大于640nm。
OLD-DAze在类脂环境三辛酸甘油酯中的荧光激发谱图与荧光发射谱图测试。每次取20μL OLD-DAze母液,加入4mL三辛酸甘油酯中,而后进行荧光激发光谱与荧光发射光谱的测试
OLD-DAze在三辛酸甘油酯中荧光激发与荧光发射光谱如图5所示:OLD-DAze浓度为10μM,OLD-DAze在三辛酸甘油酯中荧光激发波长与荧光发射波长分别为668nm与711nm,均达到近红外区,能够用于活体成像。
将该类染料分别溶解于DMSO溶液中,配制成不同染料的2mM母液,根据需要配制成不同浓度测试溶液,用于细胞内脂滴荧光成像
实施例4
OLD-DAze对活细胞染色后荧光成像图实验。取0.5μL OLD-DAze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育10分钟后分别进行荧光共聚焦成像及SIM(结构光照明显微镜)成像。
OLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育乳腺癌细胞(MCF)10分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图6所示:MCF细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,OLD-DAze能够特异性标记MCF细胞中脂滴。
OLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育结肠癌细胞(HT-29)10分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图7所示:HT-29细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,OLD-DAze能够特异性标记HT-29细胞中脂滴。
OLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育脂肪细胞(HT-29)10分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图8所示:脂肪细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,OLD-DAze对不同大小脂滴均能实现染色。
实施例5
OLD-DAze对活细胞染色后超分辨荧光成像图实验。取0.5μL OLD-DAze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育10分钟后用于SIM(结构光照明显微镜)成像。
OLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育结肠癌细胞(HT-29)10分钟后SIM成像图如图9所示:HT-29细胞内脂滴结构更清晰,分辨率达到120nm;OLD-DAze能够特异性标记HT-29细胞内脂滴并实现超分辨荧光成像。
实施例6
OLD-DAze对斑马鱼染色后荧光成像图。取1μL OLD-DAze母液溶于1mL斑马鱼幼鱼培养液中,并在室温孵育20分钟后进行共聚焦荧光成像。
OLD-DAze终浓度为2μM的斑马鱼培养液孵育斑马鱼幼鱼20分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图10所示:OLD-DAze能够对斑马鱼体内脂类代谢中心肝脏进行特异性标记。
Claims (5)
2.一种如权利要求1所述的活细胞及活体内脂滴标记的荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于包含步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与醇伯胺或脂肪伯胺溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液中;将反应液加热至100-140℃,搅拌1-10h;将反应液泠却至室温后倒入冰水中抽滤得黑色固体,真空干燥,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:0.25-6的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂得深红色固体N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺;
(2)探针N-烷基-9,10-二脂肪胺基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺,溶于乙二醇甲醚中,并向其中加入脂肪胺;而后将反应液缓慢升温至90-130℃,并在氮气保护下反应10-24h;减压除去溶剂,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:1-0的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂,得蓝色固体探针N-烷基-9,10-二脂肪胺基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的活细胞及活体内脂滴标记的荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与醇伯胺或脂肪伯胺的质量比为1-10:1;
9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的质量与N-甲基吡咯烷酮与醋酸混合液的体积比为1:20-120g/mL;
N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸的体积比为1-3:3-4。
4.根据权利要求2所述的活细胞及活体内脂滴标记的荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中,N-烷基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与脂肪胺的质量比为1-4:1-6;
脂肪胺与乙二醇甲醚质量与体积比为5-120:1g/mL。
5.如权利1所述的一类用于细胞及活体内脂滴标记的荧光染料在活细胞内以及活体内对脂滴的荧光成像领域的应用。
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