CN111334082B - 一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料及其合成和应用 - Google Patents
一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料及其合成和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料及其合成和应用,该荧光染料是基于氮杂环丁烷对TICT(分子内扭转的电荷转移)的抑制,设计合成的一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料(BuLD‑DAze),其结构式如(1)所示,双氮杂环丁烷结构进一步提高了苝酰亚胺类染料的光稳定性,并将荧光发射波长拓展至731nm(乙醇),达到了近红外区。此外,该染料不仅能够在多种活细胞内特异性标记脂滴,而且实现了产油酵母内脂滴的标记。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于外脂滴荧光染料领域,具体涉及一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料及其合成和应用。
背景技术
作为维持细胞脂质稳态的重要枢纽,脂滴的代谢动力学有助于调节脂肪酸和中性脂质(三酰基甘油、甾醇酯等)的存储与周转。然而,在细胞水平或活体中脂滴的相关研究处于起步阶段,亟需多种工具对脂滴进行原位的实时监测、定量分析。目前,荧光显微技术能够借助高亮度的有机荧光分子完成对脂滴的原位实时监测,对其产生、分布、大小形态、含量进行分析。
然而,基于有机小分子的脂滴染料多为尼罗红与BODIPY515,二者合适的激发均在488nm,发射在500-580nm,光稳定性及生物相容性存在不足,无法完成深层组织、活体或活细胞长时间的观察。商业脂滴荧光染料的荧光发射波长也仅限于655nm,组织、活体扫描深度受限。因此,近红外区域(>650nm)脂滴荧光染料的研发与应用对于脂滴研究显得尤为迫切,具有开阔前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料及其合成和应用。
本发明提供一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料,以苝酰亚胺为荧光基团,在其9,10-位引入两个氮杂环丁烷使其荧光激发波长与荧光发射波长均达到近红外区。该荧光染料能特异性标记细胞内脂滴,具有荧光发射波长长、荧光亮度高、光稳定性强、染色浓度低速度快、生物相容性好等特点。
一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料,该荧光染料具有如下结构:
一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,用于脂滴标记的荧光染料合成路线,如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与正丁胺溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液中;将反应液加热至100-140℃,搅拌1-10h;将反应液泠却至室温后倒入冰水中抽滤得黑色固体,真空干燥,硅胶柱(200-300目二氧化硅)分离,以二氯甲烷:石油醚(体积比1:0.25~6)为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂得深红色固体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
其中,9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与正丁胺的质量比为1:1-20:3;9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与N-甲基吡咯烷酮的质量与体积比为1:20-1:60(g:mL);N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸的体积比为1-3:3-4。
(2)探针N-丁基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺,溶于乙二醇甲醚中,并向其中加入氮杂环丁烷;而后将反应液缓慢升温至90-130℃,并在氮气保护下反应10-24h;减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱(200-300目二氧化硅)分离,以二氯甲烷:石油醚(体积比1:0~1)为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂,得蓝色固体探针N-丁基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
其中,N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与氮杂环丁烷的质量比为1:5-8:1;氮杂环丁烷与乙二醇甲醚质量与体积比为5:1-80:1(mg:mL)。
本发明的提供一种用于脂滴标记的高稳定性近红外荧光染料的合成方法,该方法具有提纯简单、操作简便等优点。
一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料在活细胞内以及活体内对脂滴的荧光成像领域的应用。上述一种脂滴荧光染料在活细胞及活体内能够对脂类进行特异性标记并实现活细胞实时荧光成像。
本发明具有以下特点:
本发明的染料拥有合成原料低价、方法简单且易于衍生等优点。
本发明的染料在在不同有机溶剂中荧光波长能够达到700nm以上,达到近红外区,组织穿透能力强,对细胞损伤小,更有利于活细胞、组织及活体成像;此外,双氮杂环丁烷的刚性结构显著提高苝酰亚胺稳定性,实现了脂滴的超分辨荧光成像。
本发明的染料在活细胞中能够实时对脂滴进行精准定位;同时能够产油酵母脂滴的监测,可应用于脂滴与其他细胞器相互作用研究、脂滴融合等研究中。
附图说明
图1实施例3制备的N-丁基-9,10-二-溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的核磁谱图氢谱。
图2实施例3制备的N-丁基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱。
图3为实施例3制备的脂滴染料BuLD-DAze在乙醇中归一化荧光激发与发射谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度与吸收强度,荧光探针的浓度为10μM。
图4中实施例3制备的脂滴染料BuLD-DAze在产油酵母中对脂滴荧光成像图。
图5中实施例3制备的脂滴染料BuLD-DAze在HT29活细胞中对脂滴荧光成像图。
图6中实施例3制备的脂滴染料BuLD-DAze在脂肪细胞活细胞中对脂滴荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
脂滴荧光染料BuLD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺BuLD-DBr的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.0g,1.63mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液20mL(4:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加正丁胺(428mg,5.86mmol)。100℃反应3h后,将反应液倒入150mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑色固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,V/V)得红色固体413mg,产率38%。
染料N-丁基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的合成:
将BuLD-DBr(300mg,0.42mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(75mg,1.02mmol)溶于15mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至110℃。18h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体79mg,产率28%。
经检测,其结构如上式BuLD-DAze所示,其在乙醇中荧光发射波长达到731nm,达到了近红外发射波长;激发波长也达到667nm;且该染料能够标记细胞内脂滴。
实施例2
脂滴荧光染料BuLD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺BuLD-DBr的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.8g,2.94mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液90mL(2:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加正丁胺(360mg,4.93mmol)。140℃反应1h后,将反应液倒入300mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑色固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,V/V)得红色固体1.02g,产率52%。
染料N-丁基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的合成:
将BuLD-DBr(200mg,0.28mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(1000mg,13.6mmol)溶于12.5mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至130℃。16h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体47mg,产率25%。
经检测,其结构如上式BuLD-DAze所示,其在乙醇中荧光发射波长达到731nm,达到了近红外发射波长;激发波长也达到667nm;且该染料能够标记细胞内脂滴。
实施例3
脂滴荧光染料BuLD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺BuLD-DBr的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.2g,1.96mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液72mL(1:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加正丁胺(600mg,8.21mmol)。120℃反应6h后,将反应液倒入200mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑色固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,V/V)得红色固体600mg,产率46%。实施例3制备的N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺BuLD-DBr的核磁谱图氢谱如图1所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.59(s,2H),8.14(s,2H),4.38–4.11(m,2H),1.94–1.66(m,2H),1.56–1.38(m,2H),0.99(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
经检测,其结构如上式BuLD-DBr所示。
染料N-丁基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的合成:
将BuLD-DBr(200mg,0.28mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(104mg,1.42mmol)溶于10mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至90℃。16h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体60mg,产率32%。实施例3制备的N-丁基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(BuLD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱如图2所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.53(s,2H),6.57(s,2H),4.57–4.37(m,2H),4.10(s,8H),3.88(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),3.71(s,4H),2.50(s,4H).
经检测,其结构如上式BuLD-DAze所示,其荧光性能检测如下:
将BuLD-DAze溶解于DMSO溶液中,配制成2mM母液,根据需要制配成不同浓度测试溶液,检测其荧光光谱变化及细胞内脂滴荧光成像。
BuLD-DAze在乙醇中的荧光激发与发射光谱测试。每次取20μL BuLD-DAze母液,加入4mL乙醇中,配制成10μM的荧光探针测试液,并进行荧光光谱的测试。
BuLD-DAze乙醇中的荧光谱图如图3所示:荧光探针浓度为10μM,BuLD-DAze在乙醇中荧光发射波长达到731nm,达到了近红外发射波长;激发波长也达到667nm。
实施例4
BuLD-DAze对产油酵母染色后荧光成像测试。取0.5μL BuLD-DAze母液溶于1mL产油酵母培养基中,室温孵育5分钟后进行荧光共聚焦成像。
BuLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的培养基孵育产油酵母5分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图4所示:产油酵母内脂滴形态较大,每个酵母中含有1-3个较大脂滴,含油量较高;BuLD-DAze能够对产油酵母中脂滴进行特异性标记。
实施例5
BuLD-DAze对活细胞染色后荧光成像测试。取0.5μL BuLD-DAze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育10分钟后分别进行荧光共聚焦成像。
BuLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育结肠癌细胞(HT-29)10分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图5所示:HT-29细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,BuLD-DAze能够对HT-29细胞内脂滴进行标记,且信噪比较高。
BuLD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育脂肪细胞10分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图6所示:脂肪细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,BuLD-DAze对不同大小脂滴均能实现染色。
Claims (5)
2.一种如权利要求1所述的高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于包含步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酐与正丁胺溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液中;将反应液加热至100-140℃,搅拌1-10h;将反应液冷却至室温后倒入冰水中抽滤得黑色固体,真空干燥,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:0.25~6的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂得深红色固体N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺;
(2)探针N-丁基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺,溶于乙二醇甲醚中,并向其中加入氮杂环丁烷;而后将反应液缓慢升温至90-130℃,并在氮气保护下反应10-24h;减压除去溶剂,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:0~1的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂,得蓝色固体探针N-丁基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中:9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酐与正丁胺的质量比为1-5:1;
9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酐的质量与N-甲基吡咯烷酮和冰醋酸混合液的体积比为1:20-60g/mL;
N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸的体积比为1-3:3-4。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中,N-丁基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与氮杂环丁烷的质量比为1-4:1-5;
氮杂环丁烷与乙二醇甲醚质量与体积比为5-80:1g/mL。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性近红外脂滴荧光染料在活细胞内以及活体内对脂滴的荧光成像领域的应用。
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