CN111267441A - 蔬果保鲜膜及其制法 - Google Patents

蔬果保鲜膜及其制法 Download PDF

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CN111267441A
CN111267441A CN201910456328.7A CN201910456328A CN111267441A CN 111267441 A CN111267441 A CN 111267441A CN 201910456328 A CN201910456328 A CN 201910456328A CN 111267441 A CN111267441 A CN 111267441A
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film
vegetable
preservative film
fruit
fruits
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廖德超
曹俊哲
赖振和
袁敬尧
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Nan Ya Plastics Corp
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Abstract

一种蔬果保鲜膜的制法，用于制得厚度介于0.02mm‑2.0mm的三层共押膜，其中一层共押膜均匀分布有保鲜母粒，由无机纳米粉体5％‑20％及树脂原料80％‑95％组成，具有经时保湿效果佳，常保蔬果新鲜，推迟老化，适用于各种不同种类蔬果的保鲜效果。

Description

蔬果保鲜膜及其制法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚丙烯组合物，特别是一种用于蔬果保鲜的聚丙烯组合物及其制法，可以延长蔬果保持鲜度。
背景技术
蔬菜和水果是人类不可或缺的必要食品，蔬果富含膳食纤维、维生素与矿物质，具有增加饱足感、增进肠胃蠕动与降低血液中胆固醇等健康益处，亦为维护健康所需的营养素，许多研究报告指出，罹患慢性疾病的原因之一即为蔬果摄取不足，世界卫生组织与许多先进国家都把蔬果摄取列为重要倡导事项，鼓励民众多吃蔬果，足见蔬果对于人体健康的重要性与其营养特性愈被重视的趋势。
蔬果与其他食品的主要差异在于它们仍是活的有机体，容易受到温度、湿度与微生物等的影响造成腐败，因此蔬果保鲜相当重要，目前蔬果保鲜技术较常见的方法为冷藏储藏保鲜与气调储藏保鲜两种。冷藏储藏保鲜简单易实行，但对于蔬果在市场的陈列期短以及物流运输过程中的腐化等未有完整的改善方式。气调储藏保鲜所采用的气调保鲜袋目前尚有以下问题：首先，蔬果保存于气调保鲜袋中，蔬果代谢过程中会放出如乙烯等老化激素，这些老化激素于保鲜袋中聚集而无法逸散，会加速蔬果衰败，不利于储藏保鲜。其次，气调保鲜袋的树脂原料无抑菌防霉效果，储藏过程中易生菌发霉导致蔬果腐败。再者是树脂原料透气性的限制，对于呼吸作用强弱不同的蔬果，欲调节袋内气体到适宜组成，需制备不同树脂原料的气调保鲜袋，以不同密度去调节，无法一体适用。最后，目前有些多层的食品包材可应用于蔬果保鲜，但制程复杂且成本昂贵仍须克服。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，解决既有保鲜材料透气性差、无抑菌防霉效果、蔬果易腐败、制程复杂与成本昂贵等缺点，本发明提出一种用于蔬果保鲜的聚丙烯组合物及其制法，具备工艺简单、成本低廉且能有效延长蔬果保鲜期，增加蔬果上架储放期的优点，不但降低蔬果采收后包装与物流运输至上架销售期间所造成的粮食浪费，且适用于蔬果供应链中各个阶段的保鲜应用，包括B2B采收后所用的蔬果保鲜套蓝袋、B2C上架陈列所用的蔬果保鲜袋、以及一般家庭用的蔬果保鲜膜等保鲜要求的产品，减少废弃物产生，节能减碳爱护地球。
本发明的聚丙烯组合物，以复合无机纳米粉体及树脂原料为主，防雾剂为辅，采双轴延伸加工或一般制袋技术，其制法步骤包含：
a)取5-20％重量百分比的复合无机纳米粉体与80-95％重量百分比的树脂为原料，采用高速分散机均匀混合；
b)将前步骤a)的混合料，使用双螺杆押出机制成保鲜母粒；
c.再将5％-10％重量百分比的保鲜母粒与100％重量百分比的聚丙烯树脂原料中的一种或两种以上均匀混合，以三层共押出制膜方式，经押出混炼、冷却成型、纵向延伸、横向延伸、成品裁剪等流程，制成蔬果保鲜膜，或再经制袋设备制成蔬果保鲜袋，所制造的包材或袋体具有最佳的长效蔬果保鲜效果。
本发明的工艺简单，且可结合现有薄膜与袋体设备技术，相当具备产业量产价值。
本发明的蔬果保鲜膜的有益效果，包括：
(1)能吸收植物老化激素，减缓蔬果萎凋，维持新鲜程度。
(2)具备防霉抑菌效果，可有效维持洁净的蔬果储存环境，降低发霉生菌机率，维持翠绿营养。
(3)可调控保鲜袋内气体组成，抑制蔬果呼吸，推迟老化。
(4)功能性薄膜具备锁水保湿效果，可避免蔬果失水干枯，保持清脆。
(5)可结合现有薄膜与袋体设备技术，制程简单，具备产业量产价值。
为使能更进一步了解本发明的特征及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图，然而所提供的附图仅用于提供参考与说明，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
图1为本发明的蔬果保鲜膜的断面放大图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明的蔬果保鲜膜30，厚度介于0.02-2.0mm，为三层共押出制成的袋体形状或薄膜形状的制膜制品，且具透明性及防雾及保鲜特性的透明聚丙烯薄膜。
本发明的蔬果保鲜膜30，由一下层共押膜31、一中间共押膜32及一下层共押膜33共同叠层构成，且其中一层共押膜的组织中，包含均匀散布的保鲜母粒34，优选为所述下层共押膜31的组织中均匀散布有保鲜母粒34。
本发明的蔬果保鲜膜30，由包括下列步骤的制法所制得：
(1)提供中间共押膜32的组成配方：
聚丙烯树脂100PHR、防雾剂0.1-10PHR；
(2)提供上层共押膜33的组成配方：
聚丙烯树脂100PHR、无机氧化物粉体0.1-10PHR；
(3)提供下层共押膜31的组成配方：
聚丙烯树脂100PHR、无机氧化物粉体0.1-10PHR、保鲜母粒0.2-20PHR；
(4)将各层共押膜的各自配方，引入三层共押出机均匀熔融混炼；
(5)料温控制在220-260℃，将充分反应的混合料熔体，经T型模头后，冷却成型厚度控制介于0.04mm-4.0mm的聚丙烯组合物片材，于成型后，在专用的延伸机，进行纵向延伸与横向延伸，延伸比4-10倍后，经卷取，制成厚度介于0.02mm-2.0mm的三层共押蔬果保鲜膜30。
各层共押膜配方中，所使用的聚丙烯树脂，可选自以块状聚合(BulkPolymerization)、悬浮聚合(Suspension Polymerization)、溶液聚合(SolutionPolymerization)或乳化聚合(Emulsion Polymerization)等所制得的聚丙烯聚合物或共聚物的其中一种或一种以上的组合物。
中间共押膜32的配方中，所使用的防雾剂，可选自甘油脂肪酸酯类、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯类、甘油单酸脂或山梨糖醇酐单酸酯的环氧乙烷加成物的其中一种或一种以上。
下层共押膜31的配方中，所使用的保鲜母粒34，母粒中纳米颗粒的粒径介于50nm-200nm，视透明度与雾度等不同物性的需求，可选自纳米复合氧化物的其中一种或一种以上。
上层共押膜33及下层共押膜31的配方中，所使用的无机氧化物粉体，可选自硅氧化物或钙氧化物等的一种或多种复合无机氧化物粉体。
各层共押膜配方中，可添加使用的助剂，包括使用改质剂、分散剂、或偶合剂的其中一种或一种以上搭配而成。添加助剂的目的，在于促使聚丙烯组合物31的组织中的保鲜母粒34达到均匀分散的目的。
其中，所述偶合剂可选自有机硅烷化合物偶合剂、有机锆铝化合物偶合剂或有机钛铝化合物的其中一种或一种以上搭配，利于加工，防止析出。
下面将以实施例更具体的说明本发明，虽然以较佳的实施例披露加以详述，然而本发明的技术及权利范围不受其所限制。此外，本发明的各项物性评估系实行下列方法加以进行：
(1)蔬果包装后重量与经时失重率：
采用METTLER TOLEDO ELECTRIC BALANCE，型号为GG4002-S，测试下面实施例的蔬果包装后重量与经时失重率。蔬果包装经时后的失重率越低，代表长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物薄膜的锁水保湿效果越佳。
(2)叶色Lab色差值：
采用Konica Minolta机台，型号为CR-400，测试实施例的蔬果包装后经时色差。蔬果包装经时后的色差愈小，代表蔬果黄化程度愈低，同时也代表长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物薄膜的保鲜效果越佳。
(3)CO2/O2气体浓度：
采用WITT机台，型号为
Figure BDA0002076702620000041
M+，测试实施例的蔬果包装经时后袋内的二氧化碳与氧气浓度。蔬果包装经时后袋内的二氧化碳浓度愈高，且氧气浓度愈低，代表长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物薄膜的抑制蔬果呼吸作用效果越佳，有助减缓新陈代谢，延长保鲜效期。
(4)脆度：
采用Stable Micro Systems所出品，型号为XT plus的质地分析仪，是检测从接触到叶柄开始形变80％所承受的力，下压的速度是每秒2mm，借此来模拟蔬果清脆程度。蔬果包装经时后的脆度越高，代表长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物薄膜的锁保鲜效果越佳，有助减缓老化，维持新鲜。
(5)外观：
采用Nikon Digital Camera，型号为D5300，记录观察下面实施例的蔬果包装后经时外观变化。蔬果包装经时后的萎凋与黄化越轻微，代表长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物薄膜的锁水保湿与保鲜抗菌效果越佳。
(6)叶绿素：
采用Konica Minolta所出品，型号为SPAD-502plus的叶绿素计，测试下面实施例的蔬果包装后的经时叶绿素含量变化。蔬果包装经时后的叶绿素含量降低程度越小，代表长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物薄膜的保存营养状态越佳。
实施例1
生产厚度0.02mm的三层共押出蔬果保鲜膜30，其制法为：
依表1的特定配方，(1)a.中间共押膜：聚丙烯树脂、防雾剂；b.上层共押膜：聚丙烯树脂、无机氧化物粉体；c.下层共押膜：聚丙烯树脂、无机氧化物粉体、保鲜母粒；分别以混合机混合均匀后，引入三层共押出机均匀熔融混炼；
料温控制在220-260℃，将充分反应的混合料熔体，经T型模头后，冷却成型聚丙烯组合物片材，于成型后，在专用的延伸机，进行纵向延伸与横向延伸，延伸比4-10倍后经卷取制成厚度0.02mm的长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物30。
测试结果如表1所示，显示所制得的长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物30具备良好的外观、脆度、叶绿素含量、与较低的失重率及CO2/O2气体浓度。
实施例2
除保鲜母粒添加比例为3.44PHR不同于实施例1外，所制得的蔬果保鲜膜30的其余原物料配方及制法皆同实施例1。
测试结果如表1所示，显示所制得的蔬果保鲜膜30具备良好的外观、脆度、叶绿素含量、与较低的失重率及CO2/O2气体浓度，保鲜效果优于实施例1。
实施例3
除保鲜母粒添加比例为7.77PHR不同于实施例1外，所制得的蔬果保鲜膜30的其余原物料配方及制法皆同实施例1。
测试结果如表1所示，显示所制得的蔬果保鲜膜30具备绝佳的外观、脆度、叶绿素含量、与较低的失重率及CO2/O2气体浓度，保鲜效果又更优于实施例2。
比较例1
除保鲜母粒来源不同于实施例3外，采市售去乙烯母粒，所制得的蔬果保鲜膜30的其余原物料配方及制法皆同实施例3。
测试结果如表1所示，显示所制得的蔬果保鲜膜30的外观、脆度、叶绿素含量、与失重率及CO2/O2气体浓度，明显劣于实施例3，保鲜效果较实施例3差。
表1长效型蔬果保鲜用聚丙烯组合物配方及保鲜效果
Figure BDA0002076702620000061
用量单位为：PHR(每百份重量树脂)
采用本发明的蔬果保鲜袋的实际测试效果如下表2：
表2保鲜测试效果比较表
Figure BDA0002076702620000071
以上所公开的内容仅为本发明的优选可行实施例，并非因此局限本发明的权利要求书的保护范围，所以凡是运用本发明说明书及附图内容所做的等效技术变化，均包含于本发明的权利要求书的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种蔬果保鲜膜，所述蔬果保鲜膜为厚度介于0.02mm-2.0mm的三层共押膜，其中一层共押膜均匀分布有保鲜母粒，其特征在于，各层共押膜的各自配方组成为：
a.中间共押膜，包含：
聚丙烯树脂100 PHR；及
防雾剂0.1-10 PHR
b.上层共押膜，包含：
聚丙烯树脂100 PHR；及
无机氧化物粉体0.1-10 PHR
c.下层共押膜，包含：
聚丙烯树脂100 PHR；
无机氧化物粉体0.1-10 PHR；及
保鲜母粒0.2-20 PHR，且所述保鲜母粒的组成，包括无机纳米粉体5-20重量％及树脂原料80-95重量％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蔬果保鲜膜，其特征在于，所述蔬果保鲜膜为袋体形状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蔬果保鲜膜，其特征在于，所述蔬果保鲜膜为薄膜形状。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
(1)取5-20重量％比的复合无机纳米粉体与80-95重量％的树脂为原料，均匀混合后，使用双螺杆押出机制成保鲜母粒；
(2)将各层共押膜的各自配方，引入三层共押出机均匀熔融混炼；
(3)料温控制在220-260℃，将充分反应的混合料熔体，经T型模头后，冷却成型厚度控制介于0.04mm-4.0mm的聚丙烯组合物片材，于成型后，引入步骤(4)；
(4)在延伸机进行纵向延伸与横向延伸，延伸比4-10倍后，制成厚度介于0.02mm-2.0mm的三层共押蔬果保鲜膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保鲜母粒的组成，包含2-5重量％的分散剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保鲜母粒的复合无机纳米粉体，粒径介于50nm-200nm。
7.根据权利要求4所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所使用的聚丙烯树脂，选自以块状聚合、悬浮聚合、溶液聚合或乳化聚合制得的聚丙烯聚合物或共聚物中的一种以上。
8.根据权利要求4所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述防雾剂选自甘油脂肪酸酯类、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯类、甘油单酸脂及山梨糖醇酐单酸酯的环氧乙烷加成物中的一种以上。
9.根据权利要求4所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述无机氧化物粉体选自硅氧化物及钙氧化物中的一种以上。
10.根据权利要求5所述的蔬果保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述分散剂选自高分子型的共聚物分散剂、含硅成份分散剂及含氟成份分散剂中的一种以上。
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CN107163362A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-15 句容市兴武包装有限公司 一种添加纳米粒子的食用菌保鲜膜的制备方法
CN108162534A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-15 雷诺丽特朗活医药耗材（北京）有限公司 一种三层共挤吹塑聚丙烯薄膜及其制备方法与应用

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CN114685877A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2022-07-01 大江生医股份有限公司 蔬果保鲜包装材料、蔬果保鲜包装袋及其制作方法
CN114685877B (zh) * 2020-12-29 2024-04-02 大江生医股份有限公司 蔬果保鲜包装材料、蔬果保鲜包装袋及其制作方法

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